The goal of this study was to evaluate the utility of urinary metabolomics for noninvasive diagnosis of T cell–mediated rejection (TCMR) in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Urine samples (n = ...277) from 57 patients with surveillance or indication kidney biopsies were assayed for 134 unique metabolites by quantitative mass spectrometry. Samples without TCMR (n = 183) were compared to borderline tubulitis (n = 54) and TCMR (n = 30). Partial least squares discriminant analysis identified distinct classifiers for TCMR (area under receiver operating characteristic curve AUC = 0.892; 95% confidence interval CI 0.827–0.957) and borderline tubulitis (AUC = 0.836; 95% CI 0.781–0.892), respectively. Application of the TCMR classifier to borderline tubulitis samples yielded a discriminant score (−0.47 ± 0.33) mid‐way between TCMR (−0.20 ± 0.34) and No TCMR (−0.80 ± 0.32) (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Discriminant scoring for combined borderline/TCMR versus No TCMR (AUC = 0.900; 95% CI 0.859–0.940) applied to a validation cohort robustly distinguished between samples with (−0.08 ± 0.52) and without (−0.65 ± 0.54, p < 0.001) borderline/TCMR (p < 0.001). The TCMR discriminant score was driven by histological t‐score, ct‐score, donor‐specific antibody and biopsy indication, and was unaffected by renal function, interstitial or microcirculatory inflammation, interstitial fibrosis or pyuria. These preliminary findings suggest that urinary metabolomics is a sensitive, specific and noninvasive tool for TCMR identification that is superior to serum creatinine, with minimal confounding by other allograft injury processes.
This study identifies patterns of urinary metabolites associated with the presence and severity of T cell‐mediated rejection, highlighting the potential utility of urinary metabolomics for noninvasive monitoring.
Microstructure evolution and their effects on mechanical behaviors of the AA7075T7352 aluminum alloy are reported. Phase analysis was done by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. ...The presence of the GP-Zones,
ɳ'
, and
ɳ
, along with Al
2
Cu, Al
2
CuMg, and Al
3
Zr, was noticed. Mechanical characterizations were done with the help of a tensile test and Vickers microhardness. Flow behaviors were studied to evaluate the impact of second-phase particles in the properties. Strain hardening exponents along with UTS/YS ratio have been calculated. Flow curve fitting follows Ludwigson relationship with two distinct slopes. Dislocation loops and forest dislocation were noticed in the low strain range, while dense dislocation walls in the high strain range. Variation in flow parameters is due to the random spread of precipitate particles in the matrix. The material fails by mixed mode of ductile and brittle fractures.
We report the formation of new phases in bimetallic Au-Cu nanoparticles. These phases were observed in nanoparticle synthesised by adopting a three-step protocol in a single pot. Nanoparticles at ...180°C for 1 h led to the formation of single-phase solid solution of Cu in Au. Subsequent heat treatment at 290°C for 2 h of these Au-Cu nanoparticles revealed three new phases. One of them relates to the modification of occupancy of Cu in an ordered AuCu tetragonal phase (tP4). This cell although retains tetragonal symmetry but displays metrical properties akin to that of a cube. The other two relates to vacancy ordering along directions in the {111} planes of an ordered AuCu3 cubic phase (cP4). On the one hand, statistical occupancy of vacancy on Cu site in this cell leads to the reduction of cell size from ∼3.75 Å to ∼3.5 Å whereas ordering of vacant layer on the other hand gives rise to symmetry breaking. Former continues to display cubic symmetry whereas latter transforms to a trigonal cell.
•AuCu alloy and intermetallic nanoparticles were synthesized in solution phase.•Temperatures used for alloy and intermetallic nanoparticles were 180 °C and 300 °C.•Au-Cu intermetallic structures are ...determined by nano-beam electron diffraction.•AuCu intermetallic nanoparticles displayed better SERS response compared to alloy.
Intermetallic phases in Au-Cu nanoparticles has been synthesized chemically in liquid phase. The heat-treatment of these nanoparticles at 180 °C for 1 h in solution phase led to the formation of Au-Cu alloy nanoparticles with nearly spherical shapes and monodispersed size of ∼10 nm. Subsequent heat-treatment at 300 °C for 30 min of these Au-Cu alloy nanoparticles not only revealed structural transformation to intermetallic phases (tetragonal AuCu (tP4) and cubic Cu3Au (cP4)) but also shape change occurs from spherical to rods having average aspect ratio ∼3.0. The structural determination at the particle has been carried out through nano-beam electron diffraction coupled with simulation of electron diffraction patterns and high resolution phase contrast images. These Au–Cu intermetallic nanoparticles exhibit an excellent surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic activity with methylene blue compared to that of Au-Cu alloy nanoparticles.
Abstract
Under the National Monsoon Mission Project initiated by the government of India’s Ministry of Earth Sciences, an indigenous dynamical ensemble prediction system (EPS) has been developed at ...the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology based on the state-of-the-art Climate Forecast System Model version 2 (CFSv2) coupled model, for extended-range (~15–20 days in advance) prediction. The forecasts are generated for the entire year covering the southwest monsoon, the northeast monsoon, and the summer and winter seasons. As the forecast of rainfall is important during the southwest and northeast monsoon seasons, along with that of the temperature during the summer and winter seasons, the present study documents the deterministic as well as probabilistic skill of the EPS in predicting the results in the respective seasons, over various meteorological subdivisions throughout India, on a pentad-lead time scale. The EPS is found to be skillful in predicting rainfall during the southwest and northeast monsoon seasons, as well as temperature during the summer and winter seasons, across different subdivisions of India. In addition, the EPS is noted to be skillful in predicting selected extremes in rainfall and temperature. This affirms the reliability and usefulness of the present EPS from an operational perspective.
Au-Cu alloy nanostructures have been synthesized in aqueous phase through co-reduction of HAuCl4.3H2O and CuCl2.2H2O by glucose in presence of hexadecylamine at ∼80 °C. By changing the synthesis ...conditions, nanostructures of various shapes such as nanowires, multiply twinned tripod, tetrapod, etc were observed. Systematic variation of the synthesis condition not only leads to change in size and particle morphology but also develops various other crystallographic characters in the nanoparticles. Alloying behavior of Au-Cu has been examined through transmission electron microscope operating in its conventional and analytical modes coupled with high resolution phase contrast microscopy. These results suggested that nanostructures are composed of homogeneous Au-Cu alloy. Preferential attachment along {111} and {100} crystallographic facets of Au-Cu alloy nanoparticles led to the formation of nanowires. Multiply twinned branched shape Au-Cu (width of branch ∼30 nm) nanostructures exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance maxima in the near-infrared region. The branched shape Au-Cu alloy nanostructures display better surface enhanced Raman scattering response in the detection of methylene blue as compared to spherical Au nanoparticles.
Indian summer monsoon of 2015 was deficient with prominence of short-lived (long-lived) active (break) spells. The real-time extended range forecasts disseminated by Indian Institute of Tropical ...Meteorology using an indigenous ensemble prediction system (EPS) based on National Center for Environmental Predictions’s climate forecast system could broadly predict these intraseasonal fluctuations at shorter time leads (i.e. up to 10 days), but failed to predict at longer leads (15–20 days). Considering the multi-scale nature of Indian Summer Monsoon system, this particular study aims to examine the inability of the EPS in predicting the active/break episodes at longer leads from the perspective of non-linear scale interaction between the synoptic, intraseasonal and seasonal scale. It is found that the 2015 monsoon season was dominated by synoptic scale disturbances that can hinder the prediction on extended range. Further, the interaction between synoptic scale disturbances and low frequency mode was prominent during the season, which might have contributed to the reduced prediction skill at longer leads.
On an Open Problem of Zhang and Xu Majumder, S.; Mandal, R.
Journal of contemporary mathematical analysis,
05/2019, Volume:
54, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Taking an open problem in 25 into background we employ the idea of normal family to investigate the uniqueness problem of meromorphic functions sharing a non-zero polynomial which improves a number ...of existing results. Specially we rectify some errors and gaps in a recent result of P. Sahoo 15.
This work deals with the texture, microstructure and anisotropy in mechanical behaviors of a hot rolled Ti–16Nb alloy. It exhibits low in-plane anisotropy in terms of yield strength, ultimate tensile ...strength and yield locus. Such an isotropy seems to arise owing to fibers present in (0
0
2), (0
2
0) and (1
1
1) pole figures. The work hardening behavior of the alloy reveals the presence of two slopes indicating that two different mechanisms are operative during tensile test. The work hardening curves follow modified Ludwik equation.
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