This paper presents a review of star-product formalism. This formalism provides a description for quantum states and observables by means of the functions called' symbols of operators'. Those ...functions are obtained via bijective maps of the operators acting in Hilbert space. Examples of the Wigner-Weyl symbols (Wigner quasi-distributions) and tomographic probability distributions (symplectic, optical and photon-number tomograms) identified for the states of the quantum systems are discussed. Properties of quantizer-dequantizer operators required for construction of bijective maps of two operators (quantum observables) onto the symbols of the operators are studied. The relationship between structure constants of associative star-product of operator symbols and quantizer-dequantizer operators is reviewed.
Review of tomographic probability representation of quantum states is presented both for oscillator systems with continious variables and spin-systems with discrete variables. New entropy-information ...inequalities are obtained for Franck-Condon factors. Density matrices of qudit states are expressed in terms of probabilities of artificial qubits as well as the quantum suprematism approach to geometry of these states using the triadas of Malevich squares is developed. Examples of qubits, qutrits and ququarts are considered.
A set of electrophysiological studies of the visual system was run before and after the eight-month SIRIUS 20/21 international experiment, with recording of standard photopic electroretinograms ...(ERG), fl icker ERG for flickering at frequencies of 8.3, 10, 12, and 24 Hz, photopic negative response, and pattern ERG. The aim of the study was to obtain objective assessments of changes in the functional activity of retinal neurons in ground station crew members associated with long-term isolation and the influence of a set of stress factors. Moderate activation of the bioelectrical activity of photoreceptors and bipolar cells was fund, along with a slight decrease in the functioning of retinal ganglion cells after release from isolation. These changes may reflect adaptation of the visual sensory system of the test subjects to physical and psychoemotional stress in the experimental conditions. Further studies of the specific characteristics of changes in electroretinographic markers with increasing duration of the period of isolation are required to expand our understanding of visual system stress resistance and adaptation during long-term exposure of people to extreme environmental conditions.
It is shown that an increase in the area of photodetectors allows the PHOS electromagnetic calorimeter of the ALICE experiment to operate at room temperature with better spectrometric ...characteristics. The linearity of the calorimeter response has been investigated in the 1–110 GeV energy range using both Hamamatsu S8664-1010 avalanche photodiodes with a large area (10 × 10 mm
2
) and arrays of MPPC Hamamatsu S12572-015C silicon photomultipliers with a sensitive area of 6 × 6 mm
2
. The calorimeter based on avalanche photodiodes is linear in the energy range under investigation compared to a calorimeter composed of silicon-photomultiplier arrays.
Neurodegenerative diseases of the retina such as age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy remain the leading causes of reduced vision and blindness throughout the world. ...Visual rehabilitation of patients with poor vision due to neurodegenerative diseases of the retina requires problems associated with disruption of neural network structure and deficits in the visual functions provided by these networks to be solved. Despite some advances achieved using innovative therapeutic methods, the development of new approaches to visual rehabilitation to improve the quality of life of visually impaired patients is of value. In visual rehabilitation, both medications and a variety of non-pharmacological treatment strategies are widely used to protect and restore the structure of the retina and its function. Among these, techniques using visual stimulation therapy (phototherapy) occupy a separate niche; this review addresses the main aspects of phototherapy. The vector of new research in the field of phototherapy is aimed at developing methods able to maximize the plasticity of the visual system to increase the effectiveness of its protection and restoration in neurodegenerative pathology. In this regard, new technologies of fractal phototherapy have great potential in visual rehabilitation.
Recently, multiparticle-correlation measurements of relativistic p/d/^{3}He+Au, p+Pb, and even p+p collisions show surprising collective signatures. Here, we present beam-energy-scan measurements of ...two-, four-, and six-particle angular correlations in d+Au collisions at sqrts_{NN}=200, 62.4, 39, and 19.6 GeV. We also present measurements of two- and four-particle angular correlations in p+Au collisions at sqrts_{NN}=200 GeV. We find the four-particle cumulant to be real valued for d+Au collisions at all four energies. We also find that the four-particle cumulant in p+Au has the opposite sign as that in d+Au. Further, we find that the six-particle cumulant agrees with the four-particle cumulant in d+Au collisions at 200 GeV, indicating that nonflow effects are subdominant. These observations provide strong evidence that the correlations originate from the initial geometric configuration, which is then translated into the momentum distribution for all particles, commonly referred to as collectivity.
Using properties of the Shannon and Tsallis entropies, we obtain new inequalities for the Clebsch–Gordan coefficients of the group SU(2). For this, we use squares of the Clebsch–Gordan coefficients ...as probability distributions. The obtained relations are new characteristics of correlations in a quantum system of two spins. We also find new inequalities for Hahn polynomials and the hypergeometric functions
3
F
2
.
Review of the probability representation of qubit states and observables is presented as well as the picture of states of two-level systems in terms of Triada of Malevich’s squares. A new relation of ...introduced probability parameters is obtained. Also, it is offered a method to visualize the quantum channel’s maps of qubit states. Evolution of the two-level system is considered in terms of Triada of Malevich’s squares in case of Rabi and Demkov models.
PDF
