Abstract
Background and Aims
Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and rapidly became pandemic. Unfortunately, there is ...lack of evidence about the optimal management of corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and even less is available in patients on maintenance haemodialysis. Patient receiving maintenance haemodialysis are at increased risk for infection by SARS-CoV-2 with poor outcome. So, the purpose of this study was to identify the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients on maintenance haemodialysis.
Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted at a haemodialysis unit of tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh from April to August 2020. All patients, who were on maintenance haemodialysis, twice or thrice weekly, were screened by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2, irrespective of symptoms. All data were collected in case record forms and patients were followed-up over phone.
Results
During the study period, a total of 133 patients (males 70, 52.6%) were on regular maintenance haemodialysis in the study centre. Most patients were in 5th and 6th decades of life. Twenty-one (15.8%) patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR with female (16, 76.2%) predominance. Eighteen (18/21, 85.7%) patients had symptoms suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 infection and rest three (3/21, 14.3%) patients were diagnosed during routine screening. Common presentations were fever (42.9%), cough (66.7%) and respiratory distress (66.7%) and most had multiple symptoms. The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in blood group A was 8(38%) and blood group O was 8(38%). There were no significant differences of mortality rate among blood groups. Most patients (16/21, 76.2%) infected by SARS-CoV-2 were referred to COVID-dedicated hospitals, five (5/21, 23.8%) were shifted to intensive care unit (ICU). Outcome was poor; 17 (17/21, 89%) patients died in hospitals and four (4/21, 19%) patients became free of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Caregivers/relative of our patients acquired COVID-19 in course of disease.
Conclusion
One-sixth of patients on maintenance haemodialysis acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection with nearly ninety percent fatality rates. Despite having risk factors for severe infection by SARS-CoV-2, patients on dialysis must visit health care facilities. So, utmost care should be taken to reduce risk of COVID-19 among such vulnerable group of patients.
Background: Diabetic retinopathy is the commonest cause of blindness in the working age group of both developed and developing countries. It is the indicator of all micro-vascular complications of ...diabetes mellitus. This study was aimed to find out the frequency and pattern of diabetic retinopathy among hospitalized adult type 2 diabetic patients.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Medicine and Endocrinology of BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka over a period of six months. Retinopathy was determined by fundoscopic examination in dilated pupil. Data were collected in preformed questionnaire including demographic characteristics, fundoscopic findings, and laboratory investigation reports with prior informed consent of the patients.Results: Total patients were 94, male were 52 and female were 42. Mean age of the patients was 52.2 ± 11.12 years. Hypertension was the most common (42.8%) co-morbid condition followed by dyslipidemia (33%), nephropathy (34%), neuropathy (21.3%), ischemic heart disease (9.6%) and stroke (5.3%). Study showed 37.23% Patient had good glycemic control (HbA1C <7%) and 62.77% had poor glycemic control. The frequency of retinopathy of any form was present in 36.2% patients. Among them, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) was present in 78.79%, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) 6.06%, maculopathy 6.06%, both maculopathy and PDR in 9.09% diabetic patients. Among NPDR, 46.15 % was mild, 26.92% was moderate and 26.92% was severe NPDR. This study also revealed retinopathy was more with increase in duration of diabetes (66.6% vs. 17.3% p=0.01), in poorly controlled diabetic than good control (52.54% vs. 8.5%, p=0.01), those with hypertension (55% vs. 22%, p=0.02), and those having diabetic nephropathy (78.12% vs. 14.51%, p=0.01).Conclusion: This study showed frequency of diabetic retinopathy was 36.2% and among retinopathy NPDR was predominate. Poor glycemic control, increase duration of diabetes, presence of other microvascular complication i.e. nephropathy found to be significant risk factors for developing retinopathy.J MEDICINE January 2016; 17 (1) : 17-20
This study was conducted to prepare and evaluate the quality and shelf life ofsmoked spotted snakehead, taki (Channapunctatus) stored at ambient temperature(30-35ºC) and refrigeration temperature ...(4ºC) after treating with no salt (T1) and 20%salt (T2). Sensory assessment, initial and final proximate analysis, TVB-N value andmicrobial analysis (SPC) were carried out for the smoked products stored for differentstorage periods. According to sensory assessment, smoked taki remained inacceptable condition for 4 and 6 days in T1 and T2, respectively while stored atambient temperature. However, at refrigeration temperature, smoked taki remained inacceptable condition for 59 and 74 days in T1 and T2, respectively. Biochemicalassessment of smoked product showed that protein, lipid and ash content increaseddue to significant loss of moisture during smoking of fish. No appreciable changes inproximate composition were observed for any of the two storage conditions. Valuesof TVB-N content of T1 showed rapid increase in comparison to T2 during storage.Microbial load (SPC) of smoked fish decreased due to the smoking processcompared to the initial microbial load of fresh fishes but increased with the increaseof storage period. Considering all the quality parameters it was found that smokedfish in treatment T2 maintained its excellent quality and longer shelf-life in bothstorage conditions than treatment T1.
Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(2): 303-310, August 2020
Present studies were conducted on the study of heavy metal content of three popular freshwater fish, tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, shing, Heteropneustes fossilis and pangus, Pangasius sutchi ...collected from pond and open water in Mymensingh. All samples were evaluated by studying unwanted heavy metal concentrations. Cadmium (Cd) concentration (μg/g) of pond water O. niloticus, H. fossilis and P. sutchi was found to be 0.21±0.02, 0.20±0.01 and 0.22±0.02 respectively and open water was 0.28±0.03, 0.25±0.02 and 0.29±0.03, respectively. Copper (Cu) concentration (μg/g) of pond water O. niloticus, H. fossilis and P. sutchi was 0.25±0.02, 0.29±0.03 and 0.21±0.02 respectively whereas open water had 0.28±0.01, 0.59±0.04 and 0.35±0.01 respectively. Lead (Pb) concentration (μg/g) of pond water O. niloticus and H. fossilis contained 0.07±0.01 and 0.08±0.01, respectively whereas the open water had 0.15±0.02 and 0.15±0.01, respectively. Pb concentration both in pond and in open water P. sutchi was nil. Pb concentration of O. niloticus was higher in open water fishes (0.15±0.02 μg/g) than the fishes of pond water (0.07±0.01 μg/g). Heavy metal concentration of O. niloticus, H. fossilis and P. sutchi was within permissible limits except Cd of open water fishes. The result revealed that open water fishes have higher concentration of heavy metals in their muscle than the fishes of pond water. The results indicate that the open water environment is polluted by various chemical composition as well as various toxic heavy metal pollutants.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.5(1): 117-126, April 2018
A survey was conducted to assess the socio-economic status of the fishers of the old Brahmaputra River in Mymensingh Sadar Upazila from April 2011 to March 2012. Data were collected from randomly ...selected 30 traditional fishermen of Kagdahor, Shambhuganj, Kawatkhali, BAU Campus, Shesmor, Sutiakhali, Char Kalibari, Char Ishwardia and Char Nilakshmia using a well-structured questionnaire. The research revealed that besides fishing, the fishers occasionally undertook a variety of non-fishery related activities. The average annual income ranged from 25,000-84,000 BDT which significantly depends on fishing effort, season of the year and market price of fish. Majority of them belonged to age range 15-30 years (59.25%). Almost 63% of the fishermen were illiterate and cannot write their names, while only 14.81% had received education up to primary level. It was also revealed that family size of 60% of the fishermen were medium consisting of 5-7 members while only 10% had small family size of 2-4 members. Despite their low income and large family sizes, 80% of the fishermen were living in semi-constructed houses. Sometimes for coping with adverse situation many of them took loans from different national and local NGOs like BRAC, ASSA. A declining trend of fish resources in the river and lack of working capital were identified as the major constrains for the fishers of the Old Brahmaputra River.Res. Agric. Livest. Fish.4(3): 229-235, December 2017
Non-conventional Materials for Machine Tool Structures RAHMAN, Mustafizur; MANSUR, Abul; KARIM, Bazlul
JSME International Journal Series C Mechanical Systems, Machine Elements and Manufacturing,
2001, Volume:
44, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Non-conventional materials are the emerging demand for machine tool structures, while smooth operations have been hindered due to vibration and thermal deformation of machine tool structures, ...especially in precision machining. This paper attempts to review and summarize the key developments in the area of non-conventional materials for machine tool structures over the last two decades. Many beneficial properties of the machine tool structural materials are compared with the conventional cast iron. To support the ever-rising working speeds made possible by the development of tools and machining processes, the increasing requirements concerning the surface finish of the machined workpieces and the fabrication cost of the machine tool structures exerted the impetus to find alternatives to cast iron. Based on the results of previous studies, composite materials may be the paragon.
A study was conducted to evaluate the proximate composition of fresh and salt-boiled prawn stored at -200 C. The study was focused on comparative study on proximate composition, nutritional status ...and quality of the prawn in wet matter basis. The collected fresh prawns were boiled in 2.5% brine for 15 minutes followed by freezing at -200 C to evaluate the quality of prawns at 16 weeks period of frozen storage. The sample was stored separately in individual boxes for every experimental uses. The proximate composition of the sample during frozen storage (16 weeks) was evaluated by studying organoleptic assessments, protein, lipid, ash, moisture and TVBN. The fresh prawn during frozen storage was organoleptically accepted up to 12 weeks but unaccepted after 16 weeks of storage whereas the salt-boiled frozen prawn was remained acceptable after 16 weeks of frozen storage at -200C. The initial protein content of fresh prawn was decreased gradually with the storage period. At the end of the 16 weeks of frozen storage, initial protein content of fresh prawn was decreased from 22.36 ±0.45% to 16.24 ±0.27% and protein content of salt-boiled prawn was decreased from 29.69 ±0.28% to 22.89 ±0.29%. The initial lipidcontent of fresh prawn decreased gradually with the storage period and at the end of the 16 weeks frozen storage it decreased from 2.4±0.16% to 1.24 ±0.13% and for the salt-boiled frozen prawn it decreased from2.56 ±0.11% to 1.68 ±0.26%. The initial ash content of fresh prawn decreased gradually with the storage period and at the end of the 16 weeks frozen storage, it decreased from 2.42±0.21% to 1.52±0.23%, whereas for salt-boiled prawn it decreased from2.89 ±0.19% to 1.93 ±0.18%.The initial TVB-N content increased gradually with the storage period and at the end of the 16 weeks of frozen storage it increased from 10.23±0.26 mg/100g to 32.01±1.36 mg/100g in fresh frozen prawn, where in the salt-boiled prawn, it was increased from 8.35 ±0.28 mg/100g to16.82 ±1.09mg/100g. From the findings it can be concluded that, the quality & nutritional composition of the salt-boiled prawn remains better than that of fresh un-boiled one during long storage period. So, the process for frozen storage of salt-boiled prawn at -200 C can be considered as a new approach in fish preservation.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(1): 241-250, April 2016
Context: Retroperitoneal location of kidney implies much difficulties in management of renal diseases, specially for surgeons. Appropriate knowledge on three dimensional morphological status of ...kidney may be helpful for successful surgery of this region. So this study was performed to evaluate the age related changes in length, breadth and thickness of kidney collected from Bangladesh. Materials and methods: A cross sectional analytical type of study was conducted at the department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. A total of 70 (seventy) fresh human of right & left kidneys of both sexes were collected from the morgue of Mymensingh Medical College. The selected cases were between 5 to 60 years of age. The samples were divided into 3 different age groups (A: 05-15 years, B: 16-35 years, C: 36- 60 years) to observe the variations in length, breadth and thickness of kidney. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the values of length, breadth and thickness among these groups except the difference of values regarding breadth and thickness between group C & A which were not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: There were changes in the values of length, breadth and thickness of kidneys DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v11i1.20500 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, January 2013, Vol. 11 No. 1 pp 3-6
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