The clinical features and immune responses of asymptomatic individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have not been well described. We studied 37 ...asymptomatic individuals in the Wanzhou District who were diagnosed with RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections but without any relevant clinical symptoms in the preceding 14 d and during hospitalization. Asymptomatic individuals were admitted to the government-designated Wanzhou People's Hospital for centralized isolation in accordance with policy
. The median duration of viral shedding in the asymptomatic group was 19 d (interquartile range (IQR), 15-26 d). The asymptomatic group had a significantly longer duration of viral shedding than the symptomatic group (log-rank P = 0.028). The virus-specific IgG levels in the asymptomatic group (median S/CO, 3.4; IQR, 1.6-10.7) were significantly lower (P = 0.005) relative to the symptomatic group (median S/CO, 20.5; IQR, 5.8-38.2) in the acute phase. Of asymptomatic individuals, 93.3% (28/30) and 81.1% (30/37) had reduction in IgG and neutralizing antibody levels, respectively, during the early convalescent phase, as compared to 96.8% (30/31) and 62.2% (23/37) of symptomatic patients. Forty percent of asymptomatic individuals became seronegative and 12.9% of the symptomatic group became negative for IgG in the early convalescent phase. In addition, asymptomatic individuals exhibited lower levels of 18 pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. These data suggest that asymptomatic individuals had a weaker immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The reduction in IgG and neutralizing antibody levels in the early convalescent phase might have implications for immunity strategy and serological surveys.
We aimed at learning deep emotion features to recognize speech emotion. Two convolutional neural network and long short-term memory (CNN LSTM) networks, one 1D CNN LSTM network and one 2D CNN LSTM ...network, were constructed to learn local and global emotion-related features from speech and log-mel spectrogram respectively. The two networks have the similar architecture, both consisting of four local feature learning blocks (LFLBs) and one long short-term memory (LSTM) layer. LFLB, which mainly contains one convolutional layer and one max-pooling layer, is built for learning local correlations along with extracting hierarchical correlations. LSTM layer is adopted to learn long-term dependencies from the learned local features. The designed networks, combinations of the convolutional neural network (CNN) and LSTM, can take advantage of the strengths of both networks and overcome the shortcomings of them, and are evaluated on two benchmark databases. The experimental results show that the designed networks achieve excellent performance on the task of recognizing speech emotion, especially the 2D CNN LSTM network outperforms the traditional approaches, Deep Belief Network (DBN) and CNN on the selected databases. The 2D CNN LSTM network achieves recognition accuracies of 95.33% and 95.89% on Berlin EmoDB of speaker-dependent and speaker-independent experiments respectively, which compare favourably to the accuracy of 91.6% and 92.9% obtained by traditional approaches; and also yields recognition accuracies of 89.16% and 52.14% on IEMOCAP database of speaker-dependent and speaker-independent experiments, which are much higher than the accuracy of 73.78% and 40.02% obtained by DBN and CNN.
Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF)‐based therapy is among the most efficient and crucial therapeutics for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which indicates that TwHF is a potential source ...of novel anti‐RA drugs. However, accumulating studies have observed that TwHF‐based therapy induces multi‐organ toxicity, which prevents the wide use of this herb in clinical practice, although several recent studies have attempted to reduce the toxicity of TwHF. Notably, our research group developed a “Clinical Practice Guideline for Tripterygium Glycosides/Tripterygium wilfordii Tablets in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis” (No. T/CACM 1337‐2020) approved by the China Association of Chinese Medicine to standardize the clinical application of TwHF‐based therapy and thus avoid adverse effects. Although great strides have been made toward the characterization of TwHF‐based therapy and revealing its underlying pharmacological and toxicological mechanisms, several crucial gaps in knowledge remain as potential barriers to enhance its therapeutic effects on the premise of safety assurance. This review offers a global view of TwHF, ranging from its chemical constituents, quality control, clinical observations, and underlying pharmacological mechanisms to toxic manifestations and mechanisms. We focus on the important and emerging aspects of this field and highlight the major challenges and strategies for using novel techniques and approaches to gain new insights into unresolved questions. We hope that this review will improve the understanding of TwHF application and draw increasing interdisciplinary attention from clinicians that practice both Chinese and Western medicine, basic researchers, and computer scientists.
We report acute antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in 285 patients with COVID-19. Within 19 days after symptom onset, 100% of patients tested positive for antiviral immunoglobulin-G (IgG). ...Seroconversion for IgG and IgM occurred simultaneously or sequentially. Both IgG and IgM titers plateaued within 6 days after seroconversion. Serological testing may be helpful for the diagnosis of suspected patients with negative RT-PCR results and for the identification of asymptomatic infections.
Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) infection of the T-cell or Natural killer (NK)-cell type, systemic form (systemic CAEBV or sCAEBV) was defined by the WHO in 2017 as an EBV-related ...lymphoproliferative disorder and is listed as an EBV-positive T-cell and NK-cell proliferation. The clinical manifestations and prognoses are heterogeneous. This makes systemic CAEBV indistinguishable from other EBV-positive T-cell and NK-cell proliferations. Early diagnosis of systemic CAEBV and early hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can improve patient prognosis. At present, the diagnosis of systemic CAEBV relies mainly on age, clinical manifestations, and cell lineage, incurring missed diagnosis, misdiagnosis, long diagnosis time, and inability to identify high-risk systemic CAEBV early. The diagnostic methods for systemic CAEBV are complicated and lack systematic description. The recent development of diagnostic procedures, including molecular biological and immunological techniques such as flow cytometry, has provided us with the ability to better understand the proliferation of other EBV-positive T cells and NK cells, but there is no definitive review of their value in diagnosing systemic CAEBV. This article summarizes the recent progress in systemic CAEBV differential diagnosis and the prospects of flow cytometry.
Aim
Description of the driving forces for genetic divergence is important for understanding spatial pattern of biodiversity and development of conservation plans. Paleo‐climate, geographical barriers ...and habitat heterogeneity are considered to be the main influential factors; however, an integrative study is still lacking to reveal their interactions.
Location
Eastern North America.
Methods
Here, we generated MIG‐seq SNPs of 403 Sanguinaria canadensis samples and seven plastome data. The methods of phylogeography and landscape genomics were applied to infer their genetic divergence, demography, species distribution modelling, ecological differentiation and local adaptation.
Results
We identified three distinct genetic lineages corresponding to geographical distributions isolated by the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River. Ecological niche modelling and population demographic inference demonstrated that the response of S. canadensis to Pleistocene climate changes was consistent with the pattern of southward contraction during the ice age and northward recolonization during the inter−/postglacial period. Isolation in multiple southern refugia was a key factor resulting in the genetic divergence, whereas secondary contact triggered by repeated range shifts allowed gene flow among different lineages. A greater effect of isolation‐by‐environment than isolation‐by‐distance was founded, which suggested heterogeneous environment was also a promotor of genetic differentiation. Candidate adaptive loci related to transposable elements were identified under the influence of divergent environmental selection. Ecological niche divergence also reflected adaptation to different environments.
Main Conclusions
This study revealed that genetic divergence has occurred within S. canadensis populations under the combined effect of paleo‐climate, geographical barriers and habitat heterogeneity, and emphasized the necessity of establishing different conservation units in future biological conservation and management work.
Blue and far‐red light play a key role in plant growth, so it is necessary to develop blue and far‐red dual emitting phosphors. However, the match between phosphors and plant pigments is not ...satisfactory. In this work, we synthesized a series of blue and far‐red dual emission Gd2MgTiO6: Bi3+, Cr3+ (GMTO: Bi3+, Cr3+) phosphors and discussed the luminescence performance. The blue emission at 430 nm is ascribed to 3P1 → 1S0 transition of Bi3+ and the far‐red emission is ascribed to 4T2 → 4A2 and 2E → 4A2 transitions of Cr3+. Notably, because of the energy competition between Cr3+ ions and host materials, the luminescence tuning realized with the content of Cr3+ doping. In addition, an energy‐transfer performance occurred from Bi3+ ions to Cr3+ ions and the photoluminescence intensity of Cr3+ can be enhanced by Bi3+. The pc‐LEDs devices were synthesized by GMTO: Bi3+, Cr3+ phosphor, and ultraviolet (UV) chips. Finally, the emission of GMTO: Bi3+, Cr3+ phosphor matched well with the absorption spectra of plant pigments which indicated the potential applications in LED plant lamp.
Cu (II)-based metal-organic gels (Cu-MOGs), which are formed by 4-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine-4′-ylbenzoic acid (Hcptpy) and Cu (II) through ionic interactions, π-π stacking, van der Waals and hydrogen ...bonding, have been simply synthesized and used for the preparation of Cu (II)-based metal-organic xerogels (Cu-MOXs). Owing to the metal active sites in Cu-MOXs, Cu-MOXs were successfully applied to chromogenic experiment. The peroxidase substrate 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), which could be catalyzed by Cu-MOXs from TMB to the oxidation state of TMB (oxTMB) and the color of TMB could be changed from colorless to blue with maximum absorbance at 657 nm, was selected as chromogenic agent. Thus, the Cu-MOXs-TMB-H2O2 system based on MOXs was established. Due to the inhibitory effect of dopamine (DA) on oxidation process of TMB, the characteristic absorption peak intensity of oxTMB decreased when the DA was added into the mixed solution. Subsequently, the Cu-MOXs-TMB- H2O2 system was used for DA detection. The linear range for DA was 0.5 μM–20 μM and the detection limit was 85.76 nM. Our work has helped to develop the promising application of Cu-MOGs material in the field of nanozymes property.
Cu (II) based metal-organic xerogels (Cu-MOXs), which obtained by freeze-drying the metal-organic gels (Cu-MOGs), was simply synthesized under mild condition. Owe to the metal active sites in Cu-MOXs, the peroxidase substrate 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) could be catalyzed by Cu-MOXs from TMB to the oxidation state of TMB (oxTMB) and the characteristic absorption peak intensity of oxTMB increased. Due to the inhibitory effect of dopamine (DA) on oxidation process of TMB, the characteristic absorption peak intensity of oxTMB decreased. Thus, the Cu-MOXs-TMB-H2O2 system was established and used for DA detection. Display omitted
•Cu-MOXs, which formed by Hcptpy and Cu (II), was rapidly synthesized under mild condition and used as a novel nanozyme.•Cu-MOXs, which possess plenty of metal active sites, have been used in the catalytic oxidizing chromogenic reaction for detection of DA.
The efficient synthetic route was disclosed to prepare optically active triarylborane-based 5helicenes, 7B-PhHC and 7B5N-PhHC. Their emission wavelengths are tunable by both the chemical structure ...modification and the tuning of excited state charge transfer dynamics via selection of appropriate solvents or addition of external F–, enabling the full-color circularly polarized luminescence with moderate to good quantum yields (0.07–0.51) and high luminescence dissymmetry factors (g lum > 5 × 10–3).
PDF
![Triarylborane-based [5]Heli...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/1523-7060/small "Triarylborane-based [5]Helicenes with Full-Color Circularly Polarized Luminescence")