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The article provides an analysis of the dynamics of competition and dominance in the market of biologically active additives (BAA) in Russia from 2004 to 2022. The relationship between changes in ...the concentration of the industry and legislative acts regulating advertising and turnover of dietary supplements, as well as data on the shares of the largest manufacturers in order to identify dominant groups in the market, was analyzed. The Herfindahl–Hirschman, Linda, strength/variety (SV) matrix, and concentration ratios were used as tools. The dominant group was identified four times in the period from 2005 to 2015. It is shown that after 2010, competition in the dietary supplements market has intensified. The results of the analysis indicate similarities in the development of competition in the dietary supplements market and the drug market.
Retrograde tracer injections in 29 of the 91 areas of the macaque cerebral cortex revealed 1,615 interareal pathways, a third of which have not previously been reported. A weight index (extrinsic ...fraction of labeled neurons FLNe) was determined for each area-to-area pathway. Newly found projections were weaker on average compared with the known projections; nevertheless, the 2 sets of pathways had extensively overlapping weight distributions. Repeat injections across individuals revealed modest FLNe variability given the range of FLNe values (standard deviation <1 log unit, range 5 log units). The connectivity profile for each area conformed to a lognormal distribution, where a majority of projections are moderate or weak in strength. In the G29 × 29 interareal subgraph, two-thirds of the connections that can exist do exist. Analysis of the smallest set of areas that collects links from all 91 nodes of the G29 × 91 subgraph (dominating set analysis) confirms the dense (66%) structure of the cortical matrix. The G29 × 29 subgraph suggests an unexpectedly high incidence of unidirectional links. The directed and weighted G29 × 91 connectivity matrix for the macaque will be valuable for comparison with connectivity analyses in other species, including humans. It will also inform future modeling studies that explore the regularities of cortical networks.
The effective management of bioeconomy requires a structural and dynamic analysis of the primary sector. The aim of the present study is to gauge the size of the bio-based primary sector in Bulgaria. ...Results indicate that in Bulgaria the capacities of the bio-based sector are not used rationally. Conclusions are intended to define national priorities and policies in the area of bioeconomy.
To what extent cortical pathways show significant weight differences and whether these differences are consistent across animals (thereby comprising robust connectivity profiles) is an important and ...unresolved neuroanatomical issue. Here we report a quantitative retrograde tracer analysis in the cynomolgus macaque monkey of the weight consistency of the afferents of cortical areas across brains via calculation of a weight index (fraction of labeled neurons, FLN). Injection in 8 cortical areas (3 occipital plus 5 in the other lobes) revealed a consistent pattern: small subcortical input (1.3% cumulative FLN), high local intrinsic connectivity (80% FLN), high-input form neighboring areas (15% cumulative FLN), and weak long-range corticocortical connectivity (3% cumulative FLN). Corticocortical FLN values of projections to areas V1, V2, and V4 showed heavy-tailed, lognormal distributions spanning 5 orders of magnitude that were consistent, demonstrating significant connectivity profiles. These results indicate that 1) connection weight heterogeneity plays an important role in determining cortical network specificity, 2) high investment in local projections highlights the importance of local processing, and 3) transmission of information across multiple hierarchy levels mainly involves pathways having low FLN values.
The purpose of the study is to select suitable flour according to its mineral composition to obtain gluten-free high protein animal feed. The research found that whole grain rice flour, millet, ...chickpea, corn, chalk and primex additive are suitable for gluten-free feed and have good technological parameters. The animal feed is with high protein and fats. They are with low carbohydrates composition and used for dogs and birds. The new products are without GMO, artificial colors and flavors. They are with Fe, Zn, Ca.
The drilling and putting into operation of new wells on the operated well-stocks are labor-intensive and expensive business processes. Therefore the actual direction at the operation of such ...well-stocks is the development of new methods and the implementing them tools of effective well-stock management of already existing wells that allow lowering costs at the production of hydrocarbon material (HM). In this regard, today the optimum management decision-making is impossible any more without the use of perspective methods and algorithms of the intellectual analysis of geological and technological data. Results of the analysis of a current state in the field of intellectual methods and algorithms in relation to problems of well-stocks management at the production of HM on oil fields are given in the article. Results of the efficiency research of cluster analysis methods and the deep artificial neural networks (deep ANN or DANN) at the solution of one of the main tasks of well-stock management are received and analyzed; the task is a candidates-wells selection for carrying out geological and technical arrangements on the well-stock.
A Hamiltonian theory has been developed for collective quark-antiquark excitations with abnormal relation between chirality and helicity in a high-temperature quark-gluon plasma (QGP). For this ...purpose, Zakharov’s formalism for constructing the wave theory in nonlinear media with dispersion has been used. On the basis of this approach, special canonical transformations are derived including simultaneously bosonic and fermionic degrees of freedom of the collective excitations in the QGP. An explicit form of the effective fourth-order Hamiltonian in powers of creation and annihilation operators of plasmons and plasminos describing processes of elastic scattering of plasminos off plasminos and plasminos off plasmons has been found. The developed approach has been used to construct the Boltzmann-type kinetic equation describing the process of elastic scattering of plasminos off plasminos in the quark-gluon plasma and the effect of the so-called nonlinear Landau damping of soft Fermi excitations. The effective amplitude of plasmino-plasmino interaction defined in the context of the classical Hamiltonian theory has been compared with the corresponding matrix element obtained in the framework of high-temperature quantum chromodynamics in the so-called hard thermal loop approximation. This has enabled us to obtain an explicit form of the vertex and coefficient functions in the effective amplitudes and in the canonical transformations.
A mesoporous silica support was synthesized using the sol-gel method from trichlorosilane. There is a tendency for the specific surface area and the proportion of silica particles mesopores to ...increase during all stages of sol-gel synthesis. It has been shown that the insertion of hexane and toluene, as additional solvents, into the structure-forming polyethylene glycol, makes it possible to regulate the pore size and specific surface area of silica. Silica functionalization was carried out using SILP technology. The activities of the catalytic systems based on polymer and inorganic supports immobilized by imidazole-based ionic liquids during the trichlorosilane disproportionation reaction were compared. There is a tendency for the monosilane yield for catalytic systems based on an inorganic support to increase. We identified the most promising catalyst in terms of monosilane yield and proposed a bifunctional catalyst that exhibited activity in two parallel reactions: trichlorosilane disproportionation and silicon tetrachloride hydrogenation.
The analysis of the nine 1-fold differential cross sections for the γr,vp→π+π−p photo- and electroproduction reactions obtained with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Laboratory was carried out with the ...goal to establish the contributing resonances in the mass range from 1.6 GeV to 1.8 GeV. In order to describe the photo- and electroproduction data with Q2-independent resonance masses and hadronic decay widths in the Q2 range below 1.5 GeV2, it was found that an N′(1720)3/2+ state is required in addition to the already well-established nucleon resonances. This work demonstrates that the combined studies of π+π−p photo- and electroproduction data are vital for the observation of this resonance. The contributions from the N′(1720)3/2+ state and the already established N(1720)3/2+ state with a mass of 1.745 GeV are well separated by their different hadronic decays to the πΔ and ρp final states and the different Q2-evolution of their photo-/electroexcitation amplitudes. The N′(1720)3/2+ state is the first recently established baryon resonance for which the results on the Q2-evolution of the photo-/electrocouplings have become available. These results are important for the exploration of the nature of the “missing” baryon resonances.
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