The spatial patterns of taxonomic diversity of annelid polychaete species from the continental shelf in the Southern Gulf of Mexico were examined in this study. We used taxonomic distinctness and its ...spatial variations to explore the diversity patterns and how they change between Southern Gulf of Mexico regions. In addition, using taxonomic distinctness as a dissimilarity measure and Ward's Clustering, we characterized three distinct faunal assemblages. We also investigated patterns of richness, taxonomic distinctness, and distance decay of similarity between sampling stations as a ß-diversity measure. Finally, we examined the spatial relationships between polychaete assemblages and environmental variables to test the relative importance of spatial and environmental components in annelid polychaete community structure from the Southern Gulf of Mexico. We used a combination of eigenvector-based multivariate analyses (dbMEMs) and distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) to quantify the relative importance of these explanatory variables on the spatial variations of taxonomic distinctness. The significance level of spatial and environmental components to the distribution of polychaete species showed that the combined effect of spatial processes and sediment characteristics explained a higher percentage of the variance than those parameters could alone.
To identify sex-specific cut-off points for waist circumference (WC) in the definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) for the Chilean adult population.
MetS was defined as the presence of at least two ...out of four of the following criteria: TAG ≥1·7 mmol/l; HDL-cholesterol: <1·3 mmol/l in women and <1·0 mmol/l in men; systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mmHg; and fasting glucose ≥ 5·6 mmol/l or current treatment for diabetes. The receiver operating characteristics curve and the AUC were computed to derive the specificity and sensitivity using bootstrapping (10 000 iterations restricted to have at least between 40 and 60 % of the original population). The optimal cut-off point for the Chilean population was computed by sex.
A representative sample of the Chilean population aged ≥15 years.
8182 participants (60 % women) from the three available Chilean National Health Surveys conducted in 2003, 2009-2010 and 2016-2017.
WC had a good predictive ability for MetS (AUC for men 0·74 (95 % CI 0·72, 0·76); AUC for women 0·71 (95 % CI 0·68, 0·73)). The optimal cut-off points for WC, in the definition of MetS, were 92·3 cm (95 % CI 90·5, 94·4) and 87·6 cm (95 % CI 85·8, 92·1) for men and women, respectively.
The mentioned cut-off points should be used for WC in the definition of MetS in Chile. As a result, the current recommendation (WHO/International Diabetes Federation) for WC, in the identification of MetS, is not supported by these findings in a representative sample of the Chilean adult population.
To investigate the association between a lifestyle score and all-cause mortality in the Chilean population.
Prospective study.
The score was based on seven modifiable behaviours: salt intake, fruit ...and vegetable intake, alcohol consumption, sleep duration, smoking, physical activity and sedentary behaviours. 1-point was assigned for each healthy recommendation. Points were summed to create an unweighted score from 0 (less healthy) to 7 (healthiest). According to their score, participants were then classified into: less healthy (0-2 points), moderately healthy (3-4 points) and the healthiest (5-7 points). Associations between the categories of lifestyle score and all-cause mortality were investigated using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for confounders. Nonlinear associations were also investigated.
2706 participants from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009-2010.
After a median follow-up of 10·9 years, 286 (10·6 %) participants died. In the maximally adjusted model, and compared with the healthiest participants, those less healthy had 2·55 (95 % CI 1·75, 3·71) times higher mortality risk due to any cause. Similar trends were identified for the moderately healthy group. Moreover, there was a significant trend towards increasing the mortality risk when increasing unhealthy behaviours (hazard ratio model 3: 1·61 (95 % CI 1·34, 1·94)). There was no evidence of nonlinearity between the lifestyle score and all-cause mortality.
Individuals in the less healthy lifestyle category had higher mortality risk than the healthiest group. Therefore, public health strategies should be implemented to promote adherence to a healthy lifestyle across the Chilean population.
The Atlixco municipality, Puebla State, at a mean altitude of 1840 m, was selected for a study of Fasciola hepatica infection in schoolchildren in Mexico. This area presents permanent water ...collections continuously receiving thaw water from Popocatepetl volcano (5426 m altitude) through the community supply channels, conforming an epidemiological scenario similar to those known in hyperendemic areas of Andean countries.
A total of 865 6-14 year-old schoolchildren were analyzed with FasciDIG coproantigen test and Lumbreras rapid sedimentation technique, and quantitatively assessed with Kato-Katz. Fascioliasis prevalences ranged 2.94-13.33% according to localities (mean 5.78%). Intensities were however low (24-384 epg). The association between fascioliasis and the habit of eating raw vegetables was identified, including watercress and radish with pronouncedly higher relative risk than lettuce, corncob, spinach, alfalfa juice, and broccoli. Many F. hepatica-infected children were coinfected by other parasites. Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Giardia intestinalis, Blastocystis hominis, Hymenolepis nana and Ascaris lumbricoides infection resulted in risk factors for F. hepatica infection. Nitazoxanide efficacy against fascioliasis was 94.0% and 100% after first and second treatment courses, respectively. The few children, for whom a second treatment course was needed, were concomitantly infected by moderate ascariasis burdens. Its efficacy was also very high in the treatment of E. histolytica/E. dispar, G. intestinalis, B. hominis, H. nana, A. lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and Enterobius vermicularis. A second treatment course was needed for all children affected by ancylostomatids.
Fascioliasis prevalences indicate this area to be mesoendemic, with isolated hyperendemic foci. This is the first time that a human fascioliasis endemic area is described in North America. Nitazoxanide appears as an appropriate alternative to triclabendazole, the present drug of choice for chronic fascioliasis. Its wide spectrum efficacy against intestinal protozooses and helminthiasis, usually coinfecting liver fluke infected subjects in human endemic areas, represents an important added value.
Light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a form of systemic amyloidosis, causing organ dysfunction, mainly affecting the heart and kidney. Patient-tailored and risk-adapted decision making is critical in AL ...amyloidosis management. There is limited real-world evidence data from Argentina and Latin America regarding the treatment approaches for AL amyloidosis. This retrospective cohort study aimed to describe the treatment patterns and outcomes in adult patients (>18 years) diagnosed with AL amyloidosis at the Hospital Italiano in Buenos Aires, Argentina, using a 10-yearfollow-up data (June 1, 2010 to May 31, 2019) from the institutional registry of amyloidosis (IRA). The study population had a mean age of 63 years and 54.4% weremale. Heart and kidney were the most frequently affected organs. Of the 90 eligible patients included in the study, 70underwent treatment. Bortezomib-based regimen was the preferred first-line treatment (75.7% patients). Overall,54.4% of the patients presented a deep response (complete or very good partial response). Median overall survival (OS) was 5years, the 1-year OS and progression free survival rates were 80% (95% confidence interval CI: 68–87) and 80% (95%CI 68–87)), respectively. This study provides vital real-world evidence for the long-term treatment patterns and survival in a large cohort of AL amyloidosis patients in Argentina.
This study assessed the impact of ENSO events in the seasonal and interannual variability of the sea surface temperature (SST) and phytoplankton biomass (expressed as chlorophyll-a, Chl-a levels) ...obtained from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite products from June 2002 to December 2018, in two contrasting regions of the southern Gulf of California, the connection between the gulf and the Pacific Ocean, and the coastal region off Mazatlán. The generated dataset was compared with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices and a local wind-derived coastal upwelling index (CUI) computed in the coastal region off Mazatlán from the ERA5 monthly average wind. In this region, the results showed that the prevailing northwesterly winds reached 4 m s−1; however, southwesterly winds were observed during summer, mainly from June to August. The CUI showed values of up to 35 m3 s−1 per 100 m of coastline. The prevailing winds induce upwelling most of the year, with peaks in winter more intense during La Niña than during the El Niño event. Regarding SST and Chl-a levels, changes were observed with clear seasonal, semiannual, annual, and interannual variability, with 2.8 and 3.7 years of periodicities. In the coastal zone, seasonal values were maximum SST values (30–31 °C) during the summer and minimum values (20–22 °C) during the winter. The Chl-a levels showed an inverse trend, with minimum values (0.1–1.00 mg m−3) during summer and maximum values (>2 mg m−3) during winter. In the P1 site, in the connection between the gulf and the Pacific Ocean, the results showed during summer maximum SST values (29.5–31 °C) and minimum Chl-a (<0.2 mg m−3), while during winter minimum SST values (21–23 °C) and maximum Chl-a (0.3–2.0 mg m−3). Changes were also observed in both parameters owing to El Niño (high SST, low Chl-a levels) and La Niña (low SST, high Chl-a levels) conditions, which were confirmed by spectral and wavelet analyses. During the study period, La Niña conditions occurred during 2005/2006, 2007/2008, a multiyear event in 2010/2012, and 2017/2018, while El Niño conditions occurred during 2002/2003, 2006/2007, 2009/2010, and a multiyear event 2014/2016. Regarding their frequency, La Niña event occurred twice with a frequency corresponding to two years, and El Niño had a recurrence interval of between three and four years.
•A 16-year satellite-based study revealed changes in the sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a levels.•A clear seasonal, semiannual, annual, and interannual viability was observed.•Different changes were also observed due to El Niño and La Niña conditions.•Spectral and wavelets analyses support the results.
We tested the mid-domain effect to evaluate the bathymetric patterns of annelid polychaete species richness from the Southern Gulf of Mexico as a possible hypothesis to explain the species richness ...gradient, exploring the overlapping of species depth ranges towards the middle continental shelf. The bathymetric gradient of the number of species was estimated using the depth ranges of 259 polychaete species and the mid-domain effect was tested using a Monte Carlo simulation program at bands of 10 m depth. The carbonate (234 species) and the terrigenous (121 species) Gulf shelves showed clear differences in species richness which was characterized by a highly significant presence of polychaetes with short depth ranges (<10 m). The distribution of richness could be described as a cubic polynomial curve but the maximum values for all case studied (200, 181 and 84 species, for the whole study area, and the carbonate and terrigenous shelves, respectively) are strongly skewed to shallow waters (40 m). This is not consistent with the peak of diversity at 60–70 m predicted by the model. Therefore, the observed patterns cannot be reproduced by the mid-domain effect, suggesting the existence of non-random factors affecting the species richness gradients in the Gulf. We also found a gradient from west to east in species richness with increasing species richness in the carbonate shelf.
•Bathymetric gradients in species richness were estimated using 259 polychaete species.•The mid-domain effect was tested using Monte Carlo simulations.•The carbonated (238 species) and the terrigenous (122 species) Gulf shelves species richness was strongly skewed to shallow waters.•This pattern is not consistent with the peak of diversity predicted by the model.•The observed patterns cannot be reproduced by the mid-domain effect.•Suggesting the existence of non-random factors affecting the species richness gradients in the Gulf.•Species richness was higher in the carbonate shelf than in the terrigenous shelf.
The liver can be either compromised by infiltrative damage of amyloid, as it happens in AL and AA amyloidosis, or its cause, as it occurs in transthyretin TTR-related amyloidosis. In the latter, the ...liver synthesizes a defective variant TTR which has the capacity for cardiac, neurological, and renal damage, but the liver function is preserved. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with liver involvement of amyloidosis (AL and AA)
Retrospective cohort of patients with hepatic involvement included in the Institutional Amyloidosis Registry (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01347047) between June 2010 and January 2022. Clinical characteristics and complementary studies were analyzed, as well as their evolution.
359 patients with amyloidosis were included in the registry, of whom 16 (5% (CI 2.7-7.3)) had liver involvement. The most frequent types of amyloidosis were: AL 88% (14), AA 6% (1) and non-typed 6% (1). The median age at diagnosis was 64 years (IR 63-74), male 44% (7). The median albumin value was 3.0 gr/dL (IR 2.5-3.8), alkaline phosphatase 705 IU (IR 395-114), total bilirubin mg/dL 1.1 (IR 0.5-14.8), and more than 25% had jaundice. Thirty-one percent presented a cardiac compromise. The mortality rate in the study period was 56% (CI 30%-80%). When comparing patients with amyloidosis with and without liver involvement, mortality was higher in the liver involvement group (29% vs. 56%, p 0.02).
We present the first report in our region with adequate sampling that allows us to approximate the burden of this disease in relation to the liver. Hepatic infiltrative involvement has a high mortality rate in amyloidosis compared to those without liver involvement.
FACTORES ASOCIADOS AL DESARROLLO DE DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2 EN CHILE Petermann Rocha, Fanny; Celis-Morales, Carlos; Leiva, Ana María ...
Nutrición hospitalaria : organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral,
04/2018, Volume:
35, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Open access
Antecedentes- La prevalencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) se ha duplicado en los últimos años a nivel mundial, en gran medida como consecuencia de la modificación de los estilos de vida de las ...personas. Existe muchos factores asociados al desarrollo de DMT2, sin embargo, es necesario identificar cuáles de estos factores tienen mayor o menor implicancia en población chilena. En consecuencia, el objetivo de este estudio fue Identificar qué factores sociodemográficos, de estilos de vida y salud tienen mayor implicancia con el riesgo de padecer DMT2 en Chile.Metodología: Estudio de prevalencia basado en los resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2009-2010, a partir de una muestra de 4.700 personas (4.162 normales; 538 diabéticos). Se evaluaron factores sociodemográficos, antropométricos, de estilos de vida, salud y bienestar y variables metabólicas. La asociación entre los factores analizados y DMT2 se determinó mediante regresión logística.Resultados: Dentro de los principales factores de riesgo no modificables asociados a DMT2 se encuentra la edad ≥ 45 años, sexo femenino y antecedentes familiares de DMT2. Los factores de riesgo modificables más significativos fueron: hipertensión arterial, sobrepeso, obesidad, obesidad central, inactividad física y alto nivel de sedentarismo.Conclusión: La identificación y control de los principales factores de riesgo modificables de DMT2, es clave para disminuir la prevalencia de esta patología y mejorar la calidad de vida de la población.
Recent studies have shown that low vitamin D levels constitute a potential risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment. The present study aimed to investigate the association between ...vitamin D levels and the suspicion of cognitive impairment in Chilean older adults.
We performed a cross-sectional study, including 1,287 participants ≥ 65 years (56.8% were women, age range 65 to 97 years) from the Chilean National Health Survey. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Participants were classified into three groups according to their vitamin D levels (> 29 ng/ml sufficient, 12-29 ng/ml deficit, and < 12 ng/ml severe deficit). The association between vitamin D levels and cognitive impairment was explored using logistic regression analysis, adjusted for confounding factors.
The prevalence of vitamin D deficit and vitamin D severe deficit was 37.7% and 21.0%, respectively. Compared to older adults with sufficient levels of vitamin D, those with severe deficits had a 94% (OR: 1.94 95% IC: 1.27; 1.66, p = 0.002) higher odds of cognitive impairment (unadjusted model). Adjusting according to sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, adiposity, sunlight exposure, and multimorbidity slightly attenuated the association to 61% (OR: 1.61 95%IC: 1.03; 2.19, p = 0.046), but remain significant.
A severe deficit of vitamin D was associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment in Chilean older adults independent of major confounding factors. Future studies are needed to provide causal evidence between vitamin D and the suspicion of cognitive impairment.
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