ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to show the application of anthropometric measurements in dimensioning an earth auger used in forest plantations, aiming to offer greater comfort, safety and ...health for workers. Based on anthropometric measures of a sample of 250 workers who worked on a forest implantation, seven measures in the 5, 50 and 95% percentiles obtained according to the German Standard DIN 33402/81 and related to the handling of the equipment were selected. Anthropometric standards of the workers were determined with minimum and maximum limits for the variables. Regression analyses were performed to verify the correlation between some anthropometric variables. The results show that the earth auger presented irregularities in terms of height and diameter of the handle; the measurements should range from 94 to 111 cm and 2.5 to 5.0 cm, respectively, enabling it to suit 90% of the worker population. The height showed a correlation of 68% with elbow height, and 67% with the hand center with arm hanging height.
The renal glomerulus is coated by fenestrated endothelial cells and externally covered by specialized epithelial cells, known as podocytes. Scanning electron microscopy becomes an important and ...effective tool for its studies. Normally, samples destined for scanning microscopy are covered with a thin metallic layer. However, this step can be dispensed for some analyzes. We aimed to compare coated and uncoated samples for evaluation of the glomerular morphology of the Wistar rat kidney. Cortical region of the kidney of the 5month-old male Wistar rats were used. The fragments followed the routine procedure for scanning electron microscopy processing. Half of 10 fragments were coated with palladium gold and the remaining were not coated. Auriga Compact FIB - SEM scanning electron microscope was used to observe the samples. Different increases and voltages was evaluated. For the uncoated samples, when using voltages of 2 KV (or higher) a great charging was observed, impairing the use of such voltage. Thus, these samples were always observed under voltage of 0.5 KV. On the other hand, in the coated samples, the use of 2 KV was adequate. Almost as a consequence, in the coated samples, the podocyte structures were better characterized, generating better images. Inversely, in the uncoated samples, it was possible to visualize the desired structures and to detect the morphological characteristics of these. The results showed that it is possible to use kidney samples without previous coating to evaluate the glomerular morphology at the ultrastructural level, serving as a tool in the study of pathologies.
Devido aos seus efeitos benéficos, os probióticos têm sido incorporados nos mais diversos alimentos, incluindo iogurtes, queijos, sorvetes, leites fermentados e sobremesas congeladas. No entanto, ...existem ainda diversos problemas com relação à viabilidade e resistência das culturas probióticas nesses alimentos. Neste artigo de revisão, são abordados os aspectos tecnológicos utilizados na microencapsulação de probióticos que permitem aumentar a sua viabilidade durante a fermentação, processamento e utilização nos produtos comerciais. A microencapsulação de bactérias probióticas pode ser utilizada para aumentar a viabilidade durante o processamento, como também para liberá-las de maneira controlada no trato gastrointestinal.
A contabilidade de gestão ambiental tem adquirido grande relevo na esfera administrativa das organizações. No entanto, ainda é marcante e visível que muitas empresas têm negligenciado sua aplicação, ...investindo mais no aspecto meramente financeiro, colocando em segundo plano as questões do meio ambiente. Boa parte dessas organizações, sobretudo as do setor industrial são consideradas as maiores responsáveis pelos impactos ambientais. A contabilidade ambiental é uma ramificação da tradicional, mas não é uma imposição pelo governo, e sim uma ferramenta valorizada e utilizada por gestores que possuem uma visão estratégica sobre o cuidado com a natureza, focada na sustentabilidade. Quanto ao objetivo deste artigo, consiste em saber se a indústria analisada tem consciência da importância da contabilidade de gestão ambiental, bem como se a mesma a utiliza no processo administrativo. Como metodologia, foi realizado um estudo de caso numa empresa do ramo salineiro localizada na cidade Grossos/RN. No que diz respeito ao modelo do plano de contas adotado pela empresa, bem como ao seu orçamento, foi constatado que não é efetuado uma separação entre as contas tradicionais (ativo, passivo, despesa, receita e custo) e as contas ambientais (ativo ambiental, passivo ambiental, despesa ambiental, receita ambiental e custo ambiental). Ao término da pesquisa, pôde-se verificar que a indústria salineira estudada, apesar de atribuir um enorme grau de importância à aplicação da contabilidade de gestão ambiental nas organizações, não a utiliza no processo de gestão dos seus negócios.
This work presents a study of the optimization of castor oil polyurethane (PU) resin content for the production of Oriented Strand Boards (OSB) using bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper). For this study, ...medium-density (650 kg/m3) OSB panels were produced with different resin contents (8%, 10%, 12%, and 15%). The bamboo particles were characterized through physical, chemical and anatomical analyses, identifying the potential of this product as a raw material for OSB panels. Subsequently, the physical and mechanical properties of OSB panels were evaluated. The results indicated that bamboo and castor oil PU are suitable for the production of OSB panels, and all the conditions met the minimum requirements of the European standard EN 300 (2002), for OSB type 1. In particular, the best overall properties were obtained by the panels with a resin content of 12%, achieving the minimum requirements for applications as a structural panel (type 4), opening new opportunities for formaldehyde-free engineered bamboo materials for the built environment.
Este trabalho objetivou analisar o processamento da madeira na colheita mecanizada de Pinus sp. nos sistemas full tree e cut to length, para verificar qual apresenta maior rendimento de acordo com o ...volume médio individual (VMI) das árvores. O estudo foi realizado nas áreas operacionais de colheita da madeira de uma empresa florestal nos municípios de Jaguariaíva e Sengés, estado do Paraná, em povoamentos de 15 anos de idade em regime de corte raso. A coleta de dados foi realizada durante 12 meses por meio de controles diários de produção, com base no computador de bordo de cada máquina e na separação por classes de VMI, com os dados interpretados por meio de análise gráfica. Os resultados mostraram que houve equilíbrio nas produtividades do processamento em ambos os sistemas na classe de VMI entre 0,21 a 0,25 m³, porém o sistema cut to length demonstrou maior produtividade do processamento nas classes de VMI menores, enquanto o sistema full tree foi superior nas classes de maior VMI, demonstrando a adequabilidade dos dois sistemas para os diferentes volumes dos povoamentos florestais.
Technological advances available in wood harvesting machines have provided productivity improvements and more comfort in forestry operations. However, operators may be exposed to whole-body vibration ...which can lead to a wide variety of health disorders and industry losses. This research aimed to evaluate the exposure of workers to whole-body vibration in thinning harvesting operations comparing two models of harvesters (tracked and wheeled) working in Pinus taeda stands submitted to the first commercial thinning. Whole-body vibration was determined by the three orthogonal axes (X, Y, and Z) using a 3-Axis integrator vibration meter, and the data were analyzed according to the criteria established by the ISO 2631–1:1997 and the European Directive, 2002/44/EC, concerning the resulting acceleration from normalized exposure A (8) and value of the resulting vibration dose value (VDV). The acceleration and vibration levels obtained by the tracked harvester presented mean values of A (8) of 0.6 m/s2 and VDV 11.2 m/s1.75, while by the wheeled harvester, mean values were A (8) of 0.4 m/s2 and VDV 9.3 m/s1.75, respectively. It was possible to verify the expressive vibration from the tracked harvester analysis, the operators were exposed to the whole-body vibration above the limits recommended by the regulating norms.
•Tracked harvester has higher vibration levels than wheeled harvester in Pinus thinning.•Adapted machines without the purpose-built design for forestry operations presented non-appropriated ergonomic conditions.•Vibration peaks were identified during machine contact with trees and during traffic over the stand.•Whole-body vibrations are mainly caused by operational conditions.
Ergonomic evaluations of forest machines are carried out in isolation due to the lack of an adequate method that makes it possible to correlate the ergonomic variables simultaneously. The aim of this ...study was to evaluate the ergonomic performance of certain forest machines by using the Integrated Ergonomic Indicator (IEI), capable of correlating ergonomic variables simultaneously. Vibration, noise, heat, illuminance, posture, repeatability, visibility and productivity were obtained from a feller buncher, harvester, forwarder, skidder and processor machines in two work shifts with 24 operators. The ergonomic data were subjected to cluster analysis and standardized by their deviations from the average, being subjected to multivariate factor analysis to determine influencing factors in the composition of the IEI. The indicator for each factor was multiplied by the variance explained for each factor, with the result divided by the total explained variance. The values remained around 0 and the higher the result, the worse the ergonomic condition. The results showed that the variables that most negatively influenced the machines were vibration, noise and lateral visibility which were related to each other. The worst machine under the ergonomic aspect was the skidder, with an IEI of 2.82 and 1.60 for day and night shifts, respectively, caused by shocks and bumps in the work route, and also due to the operators spending a long time with their neck rotated. The best machines were the 8×8 harvester and the forest processor at night, with an IEI of −1.36 and −0.96, caused by vibration, noise and neck with little rotational deviation.
The initial objective of the study was to evaluate different operation modes (sweep and normal) and frequencies (25 and 130 kHz) of ultrasound in pre-chilling of breast chicken cylinders (BCC) ...immersed in water at 10 °C during 10 min. The second objective was to study the effect of the immersion time (5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min) using the best operation mode and frequency obtained in the pre-chilling of the BCC in water at 10 °C. Pre-chilling was evaluated in both stages by infrared thermography, and the percentages of water absorption were determined in the second stage. The application of US at 130 kHz and normal operation mode provided a reduction of temperature on the surface of BBC higher (≈19.6%) than untreated samples. Also, compared to control, the US-treated samples in these conditions presented a more uniform cooling rate (≈22.3%) and higher water absorption (≈113%).
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•Use of ultrasound bath during pre-chilling process of breast chicken•Ultrasound increased rate of cooling of breast chicken•Ultrasound promoted a more uniform cooling of breast chicken compared to control.•Ultrasound is a viable alternative to reduce time of pre-chiller process.
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