En este artículo analizamos los dos grandes paradigmas desde los que se ha conceptuado el fenómeno trans en las sociedades occidentales: la transexualidad y el transgenerismo. Basándonos en los datos ...obtenidos de dos investigaciones cualitativas realizadas en Cataluña (España), mostraremos la existencia de conflictos entre personas y grupos cercanos a uno y otro paradigma. Algunas personas que se sitúan en la órbita de la transexualidad critican a aquellas cuyos cuerpos y subjetividades no se ajustan a la lógica binaria porque consideran que comprometen su proyecto de integración social, mientras que algunas activistas transgeneristas lamentan que desde ciertos sectores se reniegue de lo trans y se busque la normalización social. El artículo concluye con una problematización sobre la capacidad de las personas trans para reforzar o subvertir el sistema de sexo/género.
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a commercially important fruit crop that is cultivated worldwide. The melon research community has recently benefited from the determination of a complete draft genome ...sequence and the development of associated genomic tools, which have allowed us to focus on small RNAs (sRNAs). These are short, non-coding RNAs 21-24 nucleotides in length with diverse physiological roles. In plants, they regulate gene expression and heterochromatin assembly, and control protection against virus infection. Much remains to be learned about the role of sRNAs in melon.
We constructed 10 sRNA libraries from two stages of developing ovaries, fruits and photosynthetic cotyledons infected with viruses, and carried out high-throughput pyrosequencing. We catalogued and analysed the melon sRNAs, resulting in the identification of 26 known miRNA families (many conserved with other species), the prediction of 84 melon-specific miRNA candidates, the identification of trans-acting siRNAs, and the identification of chloroplast, mitochondrion and transposon-derived sRNAs. In silico analysis revealed more than 400 potential targets for the conserved and novel miRNAs.
We have discovered and analysed a large number of conserved and melon-specific sRNAs, including miRNAs and their potential target genes. This provides insight into the composition and function of the melon small RNAome, and paves the way towards an understanding of sRNA-mediated processes that regulate melon fruit development and melon-virus interactions.
A number of molecular marker linkage maps have been developed for melon (Cucumis melo L.) over the last two decades. However, these maps were constructed using different marker sets, thus, making ...comparative analysis among maps difficult. In order to solve this problem, a consensus genetic map in melon was constructed using primarily highly transferable anchor markers that have broad potential use for mapping, synteny, and comparative quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis, increasing breeding effectiveness and efficiency via marker-assisted selection (MAS).
Under the framework of the International Cucurbit Genomics Initiative (ICuGI, http://www.icugi.org), an integrated genetic map has been constructed by merging data from eight independent mapping experiments using a genetically diverse array of parental lines. The consensus map spans 1150 cM across the 12 melon linkage groups and is composed of 1592 markers (640 SSRs, 330 SNPs, 252 AFLPs, 239 RFLPs, 89 RAPDs, 15 IMAs, 16 indels and 11 morphological traits) with a mean marker density of 0.72 cM/marker. One hundred and ninety-six of these markers (157 SSRs, 32 SNPs, 6 indels and 1 RAPD) were newly developed, mapped or provided by industry representatives as released markers, including 27 SNPs and 5 indels from genes involved in the organic acid metabolism and transport, and 58 EST-SSRs. Additionally, 85 of 822 SSR markers contributed by Syngenta Seeds were included in the integrated map. In addition, 370 QTL controlling 62 traits from 18 previously reported mapping experiments using genetically diverse parental genotypes were also integrated into the consensus map. Some QTL associated with economically important traits detected in separate studies mapped to similar genomic positions. For example, independently identified QTL controlling fruit shape were mapped on similar genomic positions, suggesting that such QTL are possibly responsible for the phenotypic variability observed for this trait in a broad array of melon germplasm.
Even though relatively unsaturated genetic maps in a diverse set of melon market types have been published, the integrated saturated map presented herein should be considered the initial reference map for melon. Most of the mapped markers contained in the reference map are polymorphic in diverse collection of germplasm, and thus are potentially transferrable to a broad array of genetic experimentation (e.g., integration of physical and genetic maps, colinearity analysis, map-based gene cloning, epistasis dissection, and marker-assisted selection).
Recently, the β-galactosidase assay has become a key component in the development of assays and biosensors for the detection of enterobacteria and E. coli in water quality monitoring. The assay has ...often performed below its maximum potential, mainly due to a poor choice of conditions. In this study we establish a set of optimal conditions and provide a rough estimate of how departure from optimal values reduces the output of the assay potentially decreasing its sensitivity. We have established that maximum response for detecting low cell concentrations requires an induction of the samples using IPTG at a concentration of 0.2 mM during 180 min. Permeabilization of the samples is mandatory as lack of it results in an almost 60% reduction in assay output. The choice of enzyme substrate is critical as different substrates yield products with different extinction coefficients or fluorescence yields. The concentration of substrate used must be high enough (around 3 to 4 times Km) to ensure that the activity measured is not substrate limited. Finally, as the color/fluorescence of the reaction products is highly dependent on pH, care must be taken to ensure that pH at the time of reading is high enough to provide maximum signal.
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•Optimization the of β-galactosidase for bacterial detection and biosensor development.•Lack of permeabilization reduces 60% the sensitivity of the assay.•The concentration of galactoside substrates should be 3–4 times the value of their Km.•High concentrations of IPTG inhibit the β-galactosidase assay.
The availability of the genome sequence of many crop species during the past few years has opened a new era in plant biology, allowing for the performance of massive genomic studies in plant species ...other than the classical models Arabidopsis and rice. One of these crop species is melon (Cucumis melo), a cucurbit of high economic value that has become an interesting model for the study of biological processes such as fruit ripening, sex determination and phloem transport. The recent availability of the melon genome sequence, together with a number of genetic and genomic resources, provides powerful tools that can be used to assist in the main melon breeding targets, namely disease resistance and fruit quality. In this review, we will describe recent data obtained combining the use of a melon near isogenic line (NIL) population and genomic resources to gain insight into agronomically important traits as fruit ripening, resistance to Cucumber Mosaic virus (CMV) and the accumulation of sugars in fruits.
Abstract The importance of melon aroma in determining fruit quality has been highlighted in recent years. The fruit volatile profile is influenced by the type of fruit ripening. Non-climacteric ...fruits contain predominantly aldehydes, while climacteric fruits mainly produce esters. Several genes have been described to participate in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) biosynthesis pathways, but knowledge in this area is still incomplete. In this work we analysed the volatile profile of two reciprocal Introgression Line (IL) collections generated from a cross between ‘Piel de Sapo' (PS) and ‘Védrantais’ (VED) melons, differing in their aroma profile and ripening behaviour. SPME GC–MS was performed to identify genes responsible for VOCs formation. More than 1000 QTLs for many volatiles were detected taken together both populations. Introgressions on chromosomes 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 modified ester-aldehyde balance and were correlated to ripening changes in both genetic backgrounds. Some previously identified QTLs for fruit ripening might be involved in these phenotypes, such as ETHQV8.1 on chromosome 8 and ETHQV6.3 on chromosome 6. PS alleles on chromosomes 2, 6, 10 and 11 were found to increase ester content when introgressed in VED melons. Terpenes showed to be affected by several genomic regions not related to ripening. In addition, several candidate genes have been hypothesized to be responsible for some of the QTLs detected. The analysis of volatile compounds in two reciprocal IL collections has increased our understanding of the relationship between ripening and aroma and offers valuable plant material to improve food quality in melon breeding programs.
Abstract
Fruit ripening is a complex and highly regulated process where tomato and strawberry have been the model species classically used for studying climacteric and non-climacteric fleshy fruit ...ripening types, respectively. Melon has emerged as an alternative ripening model because climacteric and non-climacteric cultivars exist, which makes it possible to dissect the regulation of ripening using a genetic approach. Several quantitative trait loci that regulate climacteric fruit ripening have been identified to date, and their combination in both climacteric and non-climacteric genetic backgrounds resulted in lines with different ripening behaviors, demonstrating that the climacteric intensity can be genetically modulated. This review discusses our current knowledge of the physiological changes observed during melon climacteric fruit ripening such as ethylene production, fruit abscission, chlorophyll degradation, firmness, and aroma, as well as their complex genetic control. From pioneer experiments in which ethylene biosynthesis was silenced, to the recent genetic edition of ripening regulators, current data suggest that the climacteric response is determined by the interaction of several loci under quantitative inheritance. The exploitation of the rich genetic diversity of melon will enable the discovery of additional genes involved in the regulation of the climacteric response, ultimately leading to breeding aromatic melon fruits with extended shelf life.
Recent findings demonstrate that the intensity of the climacteric response and the amount of ethylene production can be genetically modulated in melon.
Entre Lilith y Eva López, Jordi Mas
Estudos feministas,
05/2016, Volume:
24, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
El artículo considera la adaptación de poemas de E. E. Cummings que Björk ha realizado en varias de sus canciones y, en especial, la apropiación de imágenes características del poeta norteamericano ...en Sun In My Mouth y el resto de composiciones de Vespertine. Frente a la inequívoca exaltación del héroe solar de Cummings, Björk utiliza una mirada femenina que duda entre los referentes de Lilith, la mujer que encuentra su libertad fuera de la sociedad, y Eva, aquella cuya sumisión es socialmente productiva. El resultado es un discurso de gran valor artístico, pero sujeto, en lo ideológico, a las limitaciones que imponen los motivos de partida.
•Sensory parameters highly depend of the melon fruit type.•TPA and punctures provide different and complementary information.•Amarillo melon has different mechanical properties than the rest of the ...fruits.•Initial juiciness and mealiness are the most discriminant variables between samples.
Melon fruit properties are extremely different within the species and texture is one of the quality features that most influences its acceptance. The aim of this study was the comparison of melon textural traits, evaluating the linear correlations between both perceived and instrumentally determined texture of a distinctive group of genotypes representing wide species variability. Three landrace cultivars (the Korean ‘Songwhan charmi PI-161375’, the Indian ‘Calcuta PI-124112’, and the Iraqi ‘Irak C-1012’) and three elite cultivars (the Spanish ‘Piel de Sapo T111’, the French ‘Védrantais’, and the American ‘Dulce’), grown under the same conditions in the same place, were analyzed, together with four Spanish major commercial varieties (‘Piel de Sapo’, ‘Amarillo’, ‘Galia’ and ‘Cantaloupe’). Measurements of pH, Soluble Solids Content (SSC), weight losses, puncture tests (6mm and 10mm probes), texture profile analysis (TPA), and sensory analysis were performed in 38 fruits. Results showed wide parameter range depending on each particular type of melon. Significant differences were reported for five of six sensory descriptors: hardness (1.52–4.91), initial juiciness (1.77–7.45), crunchiness (0.29–4.58), mealiness (0.41–6.37) and chewiness (2.91–5.27); and for seven of nine physical-chemical parameters: hardness (921.3–4519.0), fracturability (587.4–4280.7), cohesiveness (0.027– 0.061), adhesiveness (−15.7 to −105.0), pH (5.21–6.53), SSC (4.8–14.0) and weight losses (18.0–66.0). Puncture tests parameters were good predictors of sensory hardness, crunchiness and chewiness, while TPA gave further information about initial juiciness, fibrousness and mealiness. Discriminant analysis showed that initial juiciness and mealiness were the most discriminant variables while any instrumental parameter showed particular discriminate ability between samples. These results prove the usefulness of sensory analysis to reflect melon textural traits, when compared to single physical-chemical approach, and could be extended to the middle-late stages of variety development breeding programs.
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