The E12-14-012 experiment, performed in Jefferson Lab Hall A, has measured the $(e, e'p)$ cross section in parallel kinematics using a natural argon target. Here, we report the full results of the ...analysis of the data set corresponding to beam energy 2.222 GeV, and spanning the missing momentum and missing energy range $15 \lesssim p_m \lesssim 300$ MeV/c and $12 \lesssim E_m \lesssim 80$ MeV. The reduced cross section, determined as a function of $p_m$ and $E_m$ with $\approx$4\% accuracy, has been fitted using the results of Monte Carlo simulations involving a model spectral function and including the effects of final state interactions. The overall agreement between data and simulations turns out to be quite satisfactory ($\chi^2$/n.d.o.f.=1.9). Furthermore, the resulting spectral function will provide valuable new information, needed for the interpretation of neutrino interactions in liquid argon detectors.
Racial disparities in access to renal transplantation exist, but the effects of race and socioeconomic status (SES) on early steps of renal transplantation have not been well explored. Adult patients ...referred for renal transplant evaluation at a single transplant center in the Southeastern United States from 2005 to 2007, followed through May 2010, were examined. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from patient's medical records and then linked with United States Renal Data System and American Community Survey Census data. Cox models examined the effect of race on referral, evaluation, waitlisting and organ receipt. Of 2291 patients, 64.9% were black, the mean age was 49.4 years and 33.6% lived in poor neighborhoods. Racial disparities were observed in access to referral, transplant evaluation, waitlisting and organ receipt. SES explained almost one‐third of the lower rate of transplant among black versus white patients, but even after adjustment for demographic, clinical and SES factors, blacks had a 59% lower rate of transplant than whites (hazard ratio = 0.41; 95% confidence interval: 0.28–0.58). Results suggest that improving access to healthcare may reduce some, but not all, of the racial disparities in access to kidney transplantation.
In a population of patients referred for kidney transplantation in the Southeastern United States, racial disparities persist even after accounting for individual‐ and census‐tract neighborhood‐level socioeconomic differences, where black patients had a 59% lower rate of transplant than white patients. See AJT Report (page 269) and article by Patzer et al on page 369.
Preemptive kidney transplantation is the optimal treatment for pediatric end stage renal disease patients to avoid increased morbidity and mortality associated with dialysis. It is unknown how ...race/ethnicity and poverty influence preemptive transplant access in pediatric. We examined the incidence of living donor or deceased donor preemptive transplantation among all black, white, and Hispanic children (<18 years) in the United States Renal Data System from 2000 to 2009. Adjusted risk ratios for preemptive transplant were calculated using multivariable‐adjusted models and examined across health insurance and neighborhood poverty levels. Among 8,053 patients, 1117 (13.9%) received a preemptive transplant (66.9% from LD, 33.1% from DD). In multivariable analyses, there were significant racial/ethnic disparities in access to LD preemptive transplant where blacks were 66% (RR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.28–0.43) and Hispanics 52% (RR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.35–0.67) less likely to receive a LD preemptive transplant versus whites. Blacks were 22% less likely to receive a DD preemptive transplant versus whites (RR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.57–1.05), although results were not statistically significant. Future efforts to promote equity in preemptive transplant should address the critical issues of improving access to pre‐ESRD nephrology care and overcoming barriers in living donation, including obstacles partially driven by poverty.
This retrospective cohort study of children with end‐stage renal disease shows that black and Hispanic children are signifi cantly less likely than white children to receive a preemptive kidney transplant from a living donor; however, no statistically signifi cant racial/ethnic differences are observed for access to deceased donor preemptive transplant.
Racial disparities persist in access to renal transplantation in the United States, but the degree to which patient and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) impacts racial disparities in deceased ...donor renal transplantation access has not been examined in the pediatric and adolescent end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) population. We examined the interplay of race and SES in a population‐based cohort of all incident pediatric ESRD patients <21 years from the United States Renal Data System from 2000 to 2008, followed through September 2009. Of 8 452 patients included, 30.8% were black, 27.6% white‐Hispanic, 44.3% female and 28.0% lived in poor neighborhoods. A total of 63.4% of the study population was placed on the waiting list and 32.5% received a deceased donor transplant. Racial disparities persisted in transplant even after adjustment for SES, where minorities were less likely to receive a transplant compared to whites, and this disparity was more pronounced among patients 18–20 years. Disparities in access to the waiting list were mitigated in Hispanic patients with private health insurance. Our study suggests that racial disparities in transplant access worsen as pediatric patients transition into young adulthood, and that SES does not explain all of the racial differences in access to kidney transplantation.
Findings from this national cohort of pediatric end‐stage renal disease patients suggest that racial disparities exist in access to kidney transplantation that are not entirely explained by socioeconomic status, and are more pronounced among patients transitioning into young adulthood. See AJT Report (page 269) and article by Patzer et al on page 358.
The E12-14-012 experiment, performed in Jefferson Lab Hall A, has measured the (e, e'p) cross section in parallel kinematics using a natural titanium target. In this paper, we report the analysis of ...the dataset obtained in different kinematics for our solid natural titanium target. Data were obtained in a range of missing momentum and missing energy between 15 ≲ pm ≲ 250 MeV / c and 12 ≲ Em ≲ 80 MeV, respectively, and using an electron beam energy of 2.2 GeV. We measured the reduced cross section with ~7% accuracy as a function of both missing momentum and missing energy. Furthermore, our Monte Carlo simulation, including both a model spectral function and the effects of final-state interactions, satisfactorily reproduces the data.
Neurocognitive functioning is an integral phenotype of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome relating to severity of psychopathology and outcomes. A neurocognitive battery that could be administered remotely to ...assess multiple cognitive domains would be especially beneficial to research on rare genetic variants, where in-person assessment can be unavailable or burdensome. The current study compares in-person and remote assessments of the Penn computerised neurocognitive battery (CNB).
Participants (mean age = 17.82, SD = 6.94 years; 48% female) completed the CNB either in-person at a laboratory (n = 222) or remotely (n = 162).
Results show that accuracy of CNB performance was equivalent across the two testing locations, while slight differences in speed were detected in 3 of the 11 tasks.
These findings suggest that the CNB can be used in remote settings to assess multiple neurocognitive domains.
The SeaQuest spectrometer at Fermilab Aidala, C.A.; Arrington, J.R.; Ayuso, C. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
06/2019, Volume:
930, Issue:
C
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The SeaQuest spectrometer at Fermilab was designed to detect oppositely-charged pairs of muons (dimuons) produced by interactions between a 120 GeV proton beam and liquid hydrogen, liquid deuterium ...and solid nuclear targets. The primary physics program uses the Drell–Yan process to probe antiquark distributions in the target nucleon. The spectrometer consists of a target system, two dipole magnets and four detector stations. The upstream magnet is a closed-aperture solid iron magnet which also serves as the beam dump, while the second magnet is an open aperture magnet. Each of the detector stations consists of scintillator hodoscopes and a high-resolution tracking device. The FPGA-based trigger compares the hodoscope signals to a set of pre-programmed roads to determine if the event contains oppositely-signed, high-mass muon pairs.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Spatial and temporal variability of vine vigour within a vineyard block, associated with variation in soil physical and chemical properties, affects yield, and fruit and wine ...composition. The objectives of this study were to measure this variability and possible causes for a commercially important vineyard area in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three vigour classes, and measurement of vine nutrient and water status, vegetative growth and canopy attributes, yield, fruit ripening profiles, and grape and wine composition over two seasons characterised vigour variability of Cabernet Sauvignon vines growing on the ‘Gimblett Gravels’ area of Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. Vine nutrition and growth differed between vigour zones with extreme nitrogen deficiencies recorded. Vigour did not affect vine phenology. Normalised Difference Vegetative Index measurements quantified vigour differences. High vigour vines showed a higher yield, but fruit ripeness, wine anthocyanins and phenolics, and some sensory attributes were significantly reduced. Excessively leafy canopies associated with high vigour were responsible for these effects. CONCLUSIONS: Soil‐induced vine nutrient deficiencies, rather than differences in vine water status, influenced vine vigour. Measures of vegetative growth and canopy attributes suggested negative implications of excessive shading with high vine vigour. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: This study showed the relative significance of nutrition in affecting vine vigour on sandy gravel soils. A good correlation between remotely sensed vigour zones, and grape and wine composition permit on‐ground zonal management to minimise the negative effects of spatial variability.
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