We present redshifts and optical richness properties of 21 galaxy clusters uniformly selected by their Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) signature. These clusters, plus an additional, unconfirmed candidate, ...were detected in a 178 deg2 area surveyed by the South Pole Telescope (SPT) in 2008. Using griz imaging from the Blanco Cosmology Survey and from pointed Magellan telescope observations, as well as spectroscopy using Magellan facilities, we confirm the existence of clustered red-sequence galaxies, report red-sequence photometric redshifts, present spectroscopic redshifts for a subsample, and derive R 200 radii and M 200 masses from optical richness. The clusters span redshifts from 0.15 to greater than 1, with a median redshift of 0.74; three clusters are estimated to be at z>1. Redshifts inferred from mean red-sequence colors exhibit 2% rms scatter in Delta *s z /(1 + z) with respect to the spectroscopic subsample for z < 1. We show that the M 200 cluster masses derived from optical richness correlate with masses derived from SPT data and agree with previously derived scaling relations to within the uncertainties. Optical and infrared imaging is an efficient means of cluster identification and redshift estimation in large SZ surveys, and exploiting the same data for richness measurements, as we have done, will be useful for constraining cluster masses and radii for large samples in cosmological analysis.
In this work, we have extended our study of the mechanical properties and the electronic structure of PbTe to include other Pb chalcogenide compounds (PbSe, PbS). The calculations were performed ...self-consistently using the scalar-relativistic full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method. Both the local density approximation (LDA) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) to density-functional theory were applied.
The equilibrium lattice constants and the bulk modulus of a number of structures (NaCl, CsCl, ZnS) were calculated as well as the elastic constants for the structures (NaCl, CsCl). The NaCl structure is found to be the most stable one among all the three phases considered. We have found that the GGA predicts the elastic constants in good agreement with experimental data.
Both the LDA and GGA were successful in predicting the location of the band gap at the
L point of the Brillouin zone but they are inconclusive regarding the value of the band-gap width. To resolve the issue of the gap, we performed Slater–Koster (SK) tight-binding calculations, including the spin–orbit coupling in the SK Hamiltonian. The SK results that are based on our GGA calculations give the best agreement with experiment.
Results are reported for the pressure dependence of the energy gap of these compounds in the NaCl structure. The pressure variation of the energy gap indicates a transition to a metallic phase at high pressure. Band structure calculations in the CsCl structure show a metallic state for all compounds. The electronic band structure in the ZnS phase shows an indirect band gap at the
W and
X point of the Brillouin zone.
Replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) with an autologous tendon together with a high tibial osteotomy (HTO) in one operation.
Simultaneous symptomatic ACL insufficiency and symptomatic ...varus osteoarthritis.
Risk of a higher complication rate for a one-stage procedure, e.g., in loss of motion due to soft tissue contracture, loss of motion due to insufficiency of a existent ACL replacement with tunnel malplacement, tunnel widening of an existent ACL replacement with the risk of tunnel confluence, infection in a former operation. Varus osteoarthritis with a hollow posteromedial tibial plateau (knee abuser). Exclusion criteria include PLC insufficiency, lateral or posterolateral instability, lateral arthritis.
Osteotomy: placement of the two K-wires from the medial tibia about 4-5 cm below the medial tibial plateau towards the lateral hinge about 2 cm below the lateral tibial plateau. Mobilization of the long fibers of the medial collateral ligament distal of the osteotomy, mobilization of the pes anserinus tendons. Frontal and axial osteotomy with an oscillating saw. Completion and opening of the osteotomy with chisels. Opening of the osteotomy with a spreader according to the new leg axis of the preoperative planning. Fixation of the osteotomy with an angle stable plate (PPP Arthrex, Tomofix Synthes). In case of a distal osteotomy of the hiberosity fixation with 2 screws. Arthroscopy: positioning of a 2.4 mm K-wire in the center of the remnant femoral ACL insertion, cannulated drilling according to the graft diameter. Positioning of a 2.4 mm K-wire in the center of the remnant tibial ACL insertion, cannulated drilling. In the case of interference of the tibial tunnel with one of the osteotomy screws, removal of the screw and finishing of the tunnel preparation. Measurement of the length and insertion of the respective osteotomy screw. Insertion of the graft and fixation with a button-wire construct at the femur and with a bioabsorbable interference screw and a lag screw at the tibia.
Postoperative management relating to weight bearing rehabilitation follows osteotomy rules, while range of motion rehabilitation follows the ACL protocol.
The stability of Al–Mn transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers is studied as we vary the engineered TES transition, heat capacity, and/or coupling between the heat capacity and TES. We present ...thermal structure measurements of each of the 39 designs tested. The data is accurately fit by a two-body bolometer model, which allows us to extract the basic TES parameters that affect device stability. We conclude that parameters affecting device stability can be engineered for optimal device operation, and present the model parameters extracted for the different TES designs.
Two peptides, ProTx-I and ProTx-II, from the venom of the tarantula Thrixopelma pruriens, have been isolated and characterized. These peptides were purified on the basis of their ability to ...reversibly inhibit the tetrodotoxin-resistant Na channel, NaV 1.8, and are shown to belong to the inhibitory cystine knot (ICK) family of peptide toxins interacting with voltage-gated ion channels. The family has several hallmarks: cystine bridge connectivity, mechanism of channel inhibition, and promiscuity across channels within and across channel families. The cystine bridge connectivity of ProTx-II is very similar to that of other members of this family, i.e., C2 to C16, C9 to C21, and C15 to C25. These peptides are the first high-affinity ligands for tetrodotoxin-resistant peripheral nerve NaV channels, but also inhibit other NaV channels (IC50's < 100 nM). ProTx-I and ProTx-II shift the voltage dependence of activation of NaV 1.5 to more positive voltages, similar to other gating-modifier ICK family members. ProTx-I also shifts the voltage dependence of activation of CaV 3.1 (α1G, T-type, IC50 = 50 nM) without affecting the voltage dependence of inactivation. To enable further structural and functional studies, synthetic ProTx-II was made; it adopts the same structure and has the same functional properties as the native peptide. Synthetic ProTx-I was also made and exhibits the same potency as the native peptide. Synthetic ProTx-I, but not ProTx-II, also inhibits KV 2.1 channels with 10-fold less potency than its potency on NaV channels. These peptides represent novel tools for exploring the gating mechanisms of several NaV and CaV channels.
Context. Observations of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) from galaxy clusters are emerging as a powerful tool in cosmology. Besides large cluster surveys, resolved SZE images of individual ...clusters can shed light on the physics of the intra-cluster medium (ICM) and allow accurate measurements of the cluster gas and total masses. Aims. We used the APEX-SZ and LABOCA bolometer cameras on the APEX telescope to map both the decrement of the SZE at 150 GHz and the increment at 345 GHz toward the rich and X-ray luminous galaxy cluster Abell 2163 at redshift 0.203. The SZE images were used, in conjunction with archival XMM-Newton X-ray data, to model the radial density and temperature distribution of the ICM, as well as to derive the gas mass fraction in the cluster under the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium. Methods. We describe the data analysis techniques developed to extract the faint and extended SZE signal. We used the isothermal β model to fit the SZE decrement/increment radial profiles. We performed a simple, non-parametric de-projection of the radial density and temperature profiles, in conjunction with X-ray data, under the simplifying assumption of spherical symmetry. We combined the peak SZE signals derived in this paper with published SZE measurements of this cluster to derive the cluster line-of-sight bulk velocity and the central Comptonization, using priors on the ICM temperature. Results. We find that the best-fit isothermal model to the SZE data is consistent with the ICM properties implied by the X-ray data, particularly inside the central 1 Mpc radius. Inside a radius of ~1500 kpc from the cluster center, the mean gas temperature derived from our SZE/X-ray joint analysis is 10.4 ± 1.4 keV. The error budget for the derived temperature profile is dominated by statistical errors in the 150 GHz SZE image. From the isothermal analysis combined with previously published data, we find a line-of-sight peculiar velocity consistent with zero; vr = -140 ± 460 km s-1, and a central Comptonization $y_0 = 3.42$ ± 0.32 $\times$ 10-4 for Abell 2163. Conclusions. Although the assumptions of hydrostatic equilibrium and spherical symmetry may not be optimal for this complex system, the results obtained under these assumptions are consistent with X-ray and weak-lensing measurements. This shows the applicability of the simple joint SZE and X-ray de-projection technique described in this paper for clusters with a wide range of dynamical states.
Objectives
A new concept of dynamic anterior shoulder stabilization (DAS) combining Bankart repair with the additional sling effect of the long head of the biceps (LHB) tendon to treat anterior ...glenohumeral instability has recently been introduced. The purpose of this study was to biomechanically investigate the stabilizing effect of the DAS technique in comparison to standard Bankart repair in different defect models.
Methods
Twenty-four fresh frozen cadaver shoulders (average ± SD: age 60.1 ± 8.6 years) were mounted in a shoulder-testing system allowing 6 degrees of freedom. According to cross sectional area ratios the rotator cuff muscles and the LHB tendon were loaded with 40 N and 10 N, respectively. Glenohumeral translation was tested in 60° abduction and 60° external rotation (ABER position) while forces of 20 N, 30 N and 40 N were applied. The translation was measured using a 3D-digitizer and the total translation and the relative translation in relation to the native starting position were determined. Maximal external and internal rotation after application of 1.5 Nm torque to the humerus were measured. All specimens went through for 4 different conditions (Intact, defect, isolated Bankart repair, DAS) and were randomized to 3 different defect groups (Isolated Bankart lesion; 10% anterior glenoid defect; 20% anterior glenoid defect).
Results
Both surgical techniques resulted in decreased anterior glenohumeral translation in comparison to the defect conditions in all defect groups. In comparison with isolated Bankart repair DAS showed significant less relative anterior translation in 10% glenoid defects (30 N: 2.6 ± 3.4 mm vs. 5.3 ± 4.2 mm; p=0.044) and in 20% glenoid defects (40 N: 2.1 ± 6.6 mm vs. 6.0 ± 5.7 mm; p=0.035). However, in 20% defects DAS led to a relevant posterior and inferior shift of the humeral head in ABER position and to a relevant increase of inferior glenohumeral translation. Both surgical techniques did not limit the rotational range of motion.
Conclusion
In the context of minor glenoid bone defects the DAS technique demonstrates superior results in comparison to isolated Bankart repair.
Over two years into the COVID-19 pandemic, the human immune response to SARS-CoV-2 during the active disease phase has been extensively studied. However, the long-term impact after recovery, which is ...critical to advance our understanding SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19-associated long-term complications, remains largely unknown. Herein, we characterized single-cell profiles of circulating immune cells in the peripheral blood of 100 patients, including convalescent COVID-19 and sero-negative controls. Flow cytometry analyses revealed reduced frequencies of both short-lived monocytes and long-lived regulatory T (Treg) cells within the patients who have recovered from severe COVID-19. sc-RNA seq analysis identifies seven heterogeneous clusters of monocytes and nine Treg clusters featuring distinct molecular signatures in association with COVID-19 severity. Asymptomatic patients contain the most abundant clusters of monocytes and Tregs expressing high CD74 or IFN-responsive genes. In contrast, the patients recovered from a severe disease have shown two dominant inflammatory monocyte clusters featuring S100 family genes: one monocyte cluster of S100A8 & A9 coupled with high HLA-I and another cluster of S100A4 & A6 with high HLA-II genes, a specific non-classical monocyte cluster with distinct IFITM family genes, as well as a unique TGF-β high Treg Cluster. The outpatients and seronegative controls share most of the monocyte and Treg clusters patterns with high expression of HLA genes. Surprisingly, while presumably short-lived monocytes appear to have sustained alterations over 4 months, the decreased frequencies of long-lived Tregs (high HLA-DRA and S100A6) in the outpatients restore over the tested convalescent time (≥ 4 months). Collectively, our study identifies sustained and dynamically altered monocytes and Treg clusters with distinct molecular signatures after recovery, associated with COVID-19 severity.
•Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies 7 monocyte clusters and 10 Treg clusters in convalescent COVID-19 patients.•Monocytes and Treg clusters share signature genes in association with COVID-19 severity of convalescent patients.•Monocytes show dynamic changes in distinct clusters with S100A and interferon-responsive genes months after recovery.•TGFB+ KLF2+ Treg cluster is enriched in the hospitalized patients recovered from COVID-19.
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