Spindle epithelial tumor with thymic like elements (SETTLE) is a biphasic tumor composed of epithelial and spindle cell components. It is an uncommon indolent tumor arising in the thyroid gland and ...most commonly affects the children and young adults. This entity is mostly overlooked because of its rarity and diagnostic difficulty on morphology. We discuss two cases of SETTLE with varied presentation, diagnostic challenges and lessons learnt from them.SETTLE should be considered as a differential especially when dealing with a thyroid lesion in young and adolescent. The article discusses the histologic details and common mimickers to be borne in mind aiding in arrival at the final diagnosis on biopsy specimens.
Abstract
Background:
The incidence of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) is on the rise. Although the clinicopathologic characteristics of NENs have been previously reviewed ...in the literature, the data published in the Indian literature so far are sparse. This study aims to review the clinicopathological features of GEP-NENs, diagnosed at our institution, and that were classified and graded according to the World Health Organization 2010 classification system.
Materials and Methods:
One hundred patients with GEP-NENs presenting to our institute from August 2012 to May 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. Demographic data and tumor characteristics were expressed as number, percentage, and mean value. Tumor grade was correlated to metastasis through the Chi-square test.
p
< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results:
Of the 100 cases studied, 58 were male and 42 were female. The most common primary site was the pancreas (
n
= 36), followed by the small intestine (
n
= 19), esophagus (
n
= 17), stomach (
n
= 15), colon (
n
= 6), rectum (
n
= 4), and appendix (
n
= 3). The incidence of neuroendocrine tumor (NET) Grade 1 (NET G1) was higher (
n
= 40) compared to NET Grade 2 (NET G2) (
n
= 25) and neuroendocrine carcinoma Grade 3 (NEC G3) (
n
= 35). Overall in these 100 cases, NET G1 tumors and NET G2 tumors were most common in the pancreas (
n
= 18/36) and (
n
= 13/36), respectively. NEC G3 tumors were most common in the esophagus (
n
= 16/17). The most common site of distant metastasis was the liver (
n
= 23/26).
Conclusion:
We elucidated the epidemiological and clinicopathological features of patients presenting to our institute with GEP-NENs.
Retinoblastoma, the most common primary intraocular malignant neoplasm in young children, show frequent metastasis to lymph nodes, central nervous system and bones. However, retinoblastoma ...metastasizing to parotid gland is very rare. We here present 2 cases of isolated parotid gland metastasis in two children with unilateral retinoblastoma.
Case 1 was a one-year-old child presenting with left globe lesion which was diagnosed as Retinoblastoma. Post chemotherapy, enucleation was done which on histopathology examination showed retinoblastoma with scleral invasion and anterior chamber seeding. On 3 month follow up, patient presented with left parotid swelling. He underwent Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and Core needle biopsy which confirmed retinoblastoma metastasizing to parotid following which superficial parotidectomy was done as it was a solitary hotspot on PET-CT followed by localized radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
While case 2, a 6-year-old child presented with left parotid swelling with a history of undergoing enucleation 3 months earlier in an outside hospital; Enucleation slides were reviewed in addition to patient undergoing FNAC and Biopsy from parotid swelling, all of which were consistent with Retinoblastoma metastasizing to parotid; This patient was lost to follow up;
Although rare with only a few case reports in literature, both the pathologist and the clinician should be aware of retinoblastoma metastasizing to parotid, which when diagnosed and treated promptly has overall better prognosis in the cases reported so far.
Objective
To determine the role of routine cervical Pap smears in detecting endometrial carcinomas.
Method
A retrospective study was carried out from the histopathology archives for cases diagnosed ...as endometrial carcinomas with Pap smears within 6 months before histological diagnosis. The demographic details, reports of Pap smears and other tumor parameters on histopathology were noted.
Results
We identified 380 of 482 cases of endometrial carcinoma with a documented Pap smear within 6 months before histopathogical diagnosis. Out of 380 cases, 187 cases (49.2%) had shown abnormalities on Pap smear of which 80 cases (42%) were diagnosed as atypical glandular cells and 78 cases (41.7%) were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. The presence of glandular abnormality on Pap smear significantly correlated with the tumor type, myometrial invasion and cervical involvement on histopathology (P < .05). Cases which had higher FIGO staging also had a higher detection rate on Pap smear (P < .05).
Conclusion
The Pap smear may help in detection of endometrial carcinoma especially in cases with type 2 endometrial carinomas, tumor with cervical involvement and/or advanced FIGO stage.
Cutaneous horns are uncommon lesions which consist of proliferation of keratotic material resembling that of an animal horn. This lesion most commonly occurs in sun-exposed areas, particularly the ...face, ear, nose, forearms and dorsum of hands. The purpose of the study was to highlight the atypical presentation of squamous cell carcinoma as a giant cutaneous horn along with the review of literature. Case details were obtained from hospital records and clinical and histopathological findings were noted. Herein we report two cases of giant cutaneous horn associated with an underlying carcinoma presenting at an uncommon site. Both the patients were adults and had a chronic history of a skin lesion over the affected sites. Wide local excision was performed in both cases and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a cutaneous horn with a well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma at the base of the horn. Cutaneous horns are commonly associated with benign lesions and rarely with malignant conditions. It is imperative to biopsy the base of the horn to rule out any underlying malignancy. Proper surgical excision with adequate margins is the preferred treatment in case of an underlying malignancy.
Study of outcome of type 1 interlay tympanoplasty Mehta, Shailee; Bhastekar, Nifla
International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery,
03/2024, Volume:
10, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Background: The aim of this study is to assess the success rate of interlay tympanoplasty and its related complications. Methods: This study was carried out in the department of otorhinolaryngology ...and head and neck surgery, GMERS medical college and hospital, Sola, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. In this observational study, 50 patients aged between 20-58 years with chronic otitis media were selected. Tuning fork test, pure tone audiogram, HRCT temporal bone, hemogram, anaesthesia fitness was done in all patients. Results: All patients underwent type 1 interlay tympanoplasty with success rate of 96 % (48 cases out of 50). Conclusions: Patients were followed up for a period of 2 months at which point they were assessed both endoscopically and from an audiological point of view.
Background: Objectives of the study were to assess the age group affected, common presentation, extent of disease of mucormycosis and treatment modalities in post covid patients. Methods: All covid ...positive patients or recently recovered from covid with features of mucormycosis endoscopically and radiologically were included in this study. All patients that came in the outpatient department were screened using nasal endoscope and CT scans were performed. Patient’s clinical findings and endoscopic findings were correlated with the scans during the pandemic and decision to operate the cases was taken. It was a team approach by otorhinolaryngologist, ophthalmologist, endocrinologist, intensivist and nephrologist. Patients were followed up to 1 year. Results: 65 patients that suggested of mucormycosis clinically, endoscopically, and radiologically were studied. It included 50 (76.9%) males and 15 (23.1%) females and histologically after operating, mucor was present in 44 cases (67.6) and 9 (13.8%) were aspergillosis. Conclusions: Post-COVID mucormycosis was reported after the second COVID wave in India especially after steroid therapies in diabetic patients. Thus, a timely, aggressive, team approach using Modified Denkers or open maxillectomy along with proper intravenous antifungals is the key to survival in such patients.
Background: CSF Rhinorrhea is clinically emergency condition in Otorhinolaryngology. Patients were presented with unilateral watery nasal discharge. In the evolving world, CSF leak repair done via ...endoscopic method. Recurrence is very less with endoscopic repair method of CSF leak.
Methods: We took complete history, complete Ear, Nose, Throat and Head and Neck examination, Endoscopic examination of nasal cavity followed by Radiological test in the form of MR Cisternography. Depending upon the site of leak, CSF leak repair done via endoscopic method of overlay and underlay and with the help of fascia, fat, surgical, flap, fibrin glue and cartilage.
Results: Total 30 cases analysed where 63.33% & 26.67% patients have defect at cribriform plate & fovea ethmoidal is respectively. 63.33% patients are male, almost all patients are adults. 73.33% are spontaneous & rest are traumatic, 43.33% have circular defect, 36.67% have horizontal defect, 53.33% are treated with fat, surgical, fascia, fibrin glue, 40% are treated with above-mentioned things with flap, 6.67% patients are treated with above-mentioned things with cartilage.
Conclusions: Most of CSF leak are spontaneous in nature, most of patients had defect in cribriform plate that too in anterior portion of the plate, almost all patients were adults, more females had defect than males, circular defects are slightly more common than horizontal ones, and most of the patients didn’t need flap or cartilage during surgery.
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