Objective:
This study aimed to determine the effect of reperfusion therapies on the occurrence of early post-stroke seizures (PSS) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).
Background:
...Reperfusion therapies are paramount to the treatment of stroke in the acute phase. However, their effect on the incidence of early seizures after an AIS remains unclear.
Design and Methods:
The stroke database at Hamad Medical Corporation was used to identify all patients who received reperfusion therapies for AIS from 2016 to 2019. They were matched with patients of similar diagnosis, gender, age, and stroke severity as measured by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) who did not receive such treatment. The rates of early PSS were calculated for each group.
Results:
The results showed that 508 patients received reperfusion therapies (342 had IV thrombolysis only, 70 had thrombectomies only, and 96 had received both), compared with 501 matched patients receiving standard stroke unit care. Patients who received reperfusion therapies were similar to their matched controls for mean admission NIHSS score (9.87 vs. 9.79;
p
= 0.831), mean age (53.3 vs. 53.2 years;
p
= 0.849), and gender distribution (85 vs. 86% men;
p
= 0.655). The group receiving reperfusion therapies was found to have increased stroke cortical involvement (62 vs. 49.3%,
p
< 0.001) and hemorrhagic transformation rates (33.5 vs. 18.6%,
p
< 0.001) compared with the control group. The rate of early PSS was significantly lower in patients who received reperfusion therapies compared with those who did not (3.1 vs. 5.8%, respectively;
p
= 0.042). When we excluded seizures occurring at stroke onset prior to any potential treatment implementation, the difference in early PSS rates between the two groups was no longer significant (2.6 vs. 3.9%, respectively;
p
= 0.251). There was no significant difference in early PSS rate based on the type of reperfusion therapy either (3.2% with thrombolysis, 2.9% with thrombectomy, and 3.1% for the combined treatment,
p
= 0.309).
Conclusions:
Treatment of AIS with either thrombectomy, thrombolysis, or both does not increase the risk of early PSS.
In the paper the interaction between silica SiO2 hydrogel recovered from serpentines (Mg(Fe))6Si4O10(OH)8, sodium hydroxide NaOH and barium chloride BaCl2 in aqueous medium has been investigated by ...thermal and X-ray diffraction analyses. The experimental results have shown that depending on colloid synthesis conditions, the reactions occurring in the SiO2–NaOH–BaCl2–H2O system can develop in different directions. The stirring of the boiling aqueous suspension prepared in different ways from the mentioned reagents in air at ambient pressure can either lead to the precipitation of hydrated barium silicate species like BaSiO3·H2O or BaH2SiO4. On heating BaSiO3·H2O begins to crystallize into barium metasilicate BaSiO3 nano-sized particles after crystalline water removal at the temperature of 400 °C and reaches final crystallization at 800 °C. Unlike BaSiO3·H2O, the heat-treatment of BaH2SiO4 is accompanied by the formation of two barium silicate species: BaSiO3 and barium orthosilicate Ba2SiO4. The data derived from the experiments have allowed to better understand the mechanism of interactions occurring in the solution and to reveal the main factor governing the precipitates formation.
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•Silica hydrogel recovered from serpentines is used for barium silicates syntheses.•The main factor governing the process of barium silicates formation has been found.•A new route to nano-sized barium silicates syntheses has been suggested.
The interaction between calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)
2
with hydrated silica gel from serpentines (Mg(Fe))
6
Si
4
O
10
(OH)
8
is studied. Using the hydrated silica gel as SiO
2
source allows long ...autoclave treatment to be avoided and amorphous intermediates to be obtained via conventional stirring of a suspension prepared from the indicated reagents under atmospheric pressure. Their transformation into nanoscale crystals of β-wollastonite upon annealing in the temperature range of 800–850°C is observed.
A series of 4-(thiophen-2-yl)-substituted nicotinonitriles were prepared by a three step procedure including condensation and cyclization of 2-acetylthiophene. A more efficient synthesis of the ...target products is proposed and the transformation of some of the synthesized nicotinonitrles into 1
H
-pyrazolo3,4-
b
pyridines is described.
A hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza virus having a single semiconserved Gly residue within the transmembrane domain mutated to Leu (G520L) was expressed on cells; these cells were bound to red blood ...cells. By decreasing pH at 23 degrees C rather than 37 degrees C, an intermediate with properties expected of hemifusion just as the membranes are about to transit to full fusion was captured. As evidence: 1) increasing temperature to 37 degrees C at neutral pH allowed fusion to proceed; 2) after achieving the intermediate, the two membranes did not separate from each other after proteolytic cleavage of G520L because cells treated with proteinase K could not fuse upon temperature increase but could fuse upon the addition of chlorpromazine; and 3) at the point of the intermediate, adding exogenous lipids known to promote or inhibit the creation of hemifusion did not significantly alter the lipid dye spread that occurred upon increasing temperature, implying that at the intermediate, contacting membrane leaflets had already merged. A stable intermediate of hemifusion that could transit to fusion was also generated for wild-type HA, but pH had to be reduced at the significantly lower temperature of 4 degrees C. The fusion pores generated by G520L did not enlarge, whereas those induced by wild-type HA did. The finding that a state of transitional hemifusion can be readily obtained via a point mutation without the need for unusually low temperature supports the hypothesis that hemifusion occurs before pore formation.
Vicriviroc (VCV) is a chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5) antagonist with potent anti-HIV activity that currently is being evaluated in phase III clinical trials. In the present study, donor CCR5 ...density (CCR5 receptors/CD4 lymphocytes) inversely correlated with VCV antiviral activity (Spearman's correlation test; r = 0.746, P = 0.0034). Low doses of the transplant drug rapamycin (RAPA) reduced CCR5 density and enhanced VCV antiviral activity. In drug interaction studies, the RAPA/VCV combination had considerable antiviral synergy (combination indexes of 0.1-0.04) in both multicycle and single-cycle infection of lymphocytes. The synergy between RAPA and VCV translated into dose reduction indexes of 8- to 41-fold reductions for RAPA and 19- to 658-fold reductions for VCV. RAPA enhanced VCV antiviral activity against both B and non-B clade isolates, potently suppressing clade G viruses with reported reduced sensitivities to VCV and to the licensed CCR5 antagonist maraviroc. Importantly, RAPA reduction of CCR5 density in lymphocytes sensitized VCV-resistant strains to VCV, inhibiting virus production by ~ 90%. We further demonstrated the role of CCR5 density on VCV activity against resistant virus in donor lymphocytes and in cell lines expressing varying CCR5 densities. Together, these results suggest that low doses of RAPA may increase the durability of VCV-containing regimens in patients by enhancing VCV viral suppression, by allowing the use of lower doses of VCV with reduced potential for toxicity, and by controlling emerging VCV-resistant variants.
GPI-linked hemagglutinin (GPI-HA) of influenza virus was thought to induce hemifusion without pore formation. Cells expressing either HA or GPI-HA were bound to red blood cells, and their fusion was ...compared by patch-clamp capacitance measurements and fluorescence microscopy. It is now shown that under more optimal fusion conditions than have been used previously, GPI-HA is also able to induce fusion pore formation before lipid dye spread, although with fewer pores formed than those induced by HA. The GPI-HA pores did not enlarge substantially, as determined by the inability of a small aqueous dye to pass through them. The presence of 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3, 3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate or octadecylrhodamine B in red blood cells significantly increased the probability of pore formation by GPI-HA; the dyes affected pore formation to a much lesser degree for HA. This greater sensitivity of pore formation to lipid composition suggests that lipids are a more abundant component of a GPI-HA fusion pore than of an HA pore. The finding that GPI-HA can induce pores indicates that the ectodomain of HA is responsible for all steps up to the initial membrane merger and that the transmembrane domain, although not absolutely required, ensures reliable pore formation and is essential for pore growth. GPI-HA is the minimal unit identified to date that supports fusion to the point of pore formation.
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