We live in a multisensory world. However, in classrooms, unisensory approaches are preferred, although they are unnatural and usually demotivating for youngsters. We conducted this mix-method study ...to investigate the possible effects of a multisensory approach on geosciences learning among students at a primary school in Porto, Portugal. The cognitive outcome was assessed using a pre/post-test design, while motivation and other attitudinal parameters were studied using an anonymous questionnaire. The results revealed a higher mean score in post-tests for students attending multisensory classes and high levels of motivation. Therefore, we consider that multisensory instruction has a positive impact on geosciences learning and motivation, and proper measures should be adopted to propel its full and optimal application in schools.
Silver(I) and zinc(II) complexes of the Schiff base – N,N′-bis(trans-cinnamaldehyde) ethane-1,2-diamine (EnCinn) were synthesized. Biological studies were evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis ...and the silver(I) compounds have been shown potent activity action as commercial Silver Sulfadiazine complex (SSD). Spectroscopic and analytical characterization were performed to complexes and crystal structures of the two complexes were achieved using Powder Diffraction state-of-art.
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Silver(I) and zinc(II) complexes with N,N′-bis(trans-cinnamaldehyde)ethane-1,2-diamine (EnCinn) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal studies (TG-DTA), infrared (IR), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic measurements and electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF-MS). Crystal and molecular structure descriptions were performed based on powder X-ray diffraction data. The AgEnCinn complex has a polymeric structure where the ligand bridges between two Ag(I) ions, while the ZnEnCinn complex has a monomeric structure with EnCinn acting as chelating ligand. Antimycobacterial assays over Mycobacterium tuberculosis showed the activity of the Ag(I) complex with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of 22.7 μmol L−1, while the Zn(II) complex was shown to be inactive over the same experimental conditions.
Resumo A gestão eficaz de recursos é preocupação atual das instituições de saúde em Portugal, havendo necessidade de racionalizar e estabelecer prioridades de acordo com princípios éticos que ...garantam a equidade. O acesso à inovação tem-se revelado fundamental na promoção dos cuidados de saúde e na consequente melhoria da qualidade de vida dos cidadãos, ainda que com custos associados. Tendo em conta o rápido desenvolvimento da ciência e a crescente disponibilização de inovação, na forma de tecnologia ou terapêuticas, tem-se mostrado imperativa uma discussão clara, consciente e fundamentada sobre a adoção e o estabelecimento de prioridades no que respeita à inovação em saúde. Centrado na definição de inovação em saúde, no levantamento das prioridades, na percepção dessas prioridades e nas suas dimensões políticas, o presente artigo propõe uma reflexão crítica à luz de aspectos éticos que evidenciem as principais indagações relacionadas com a introdução da inovação em saúde em Portugal.
Abstract Effective management of resources is a current concern of health institutions in Portugal, requiring rationalization and prioritization according to ethical principles to ensure fairness. Access to innovation has proved fundamental in promoting health care and consequently improving quality of life, albeit with associated costs. Given the rapid development of science and the growing prevalence of innovation in the form of technology and treatments, a clear, conscious and reasoned discussion about the adoption and establishment of priorities with regard to innovation in health is imperative. Centered on a definition of innovation in health, the study of priorities, the perception of the same and their political aspects, the present article proposes a critical reflection in the light of ethical aspects that evidence the main questions related to the introduction of innovation in health in Portugal.
Resumen La gestión eficaz de recursos es una preocupación actual de las instituciones de salud en Portugal, existiendo una necesidad de racionalización y establecimiento de prioridades de acuerdo con los principios éticos para garantizar la equidad. El acceso a la innovación ha demostrado ser fundamental en la promoción de la atención de salud y la consecuente mejora en la calidad de vida, aunque traiga ciertos costos asociados. Dado el rápido desarrollo de la ciencia y la creciente disponibilidad de innovación, en forma de tecnologías y tratamientos, ha resultado imprescindible una discusión clara, conciente y fundamentada acerca de la adopción y el establecimiento de prioridades en materia de innovación en salud. Haciendo foco en la definición de innovación en salud, en la definición de prioridades, en la percepción de las mismas y en sus aspectos políticos, este artículo propone una reflexión crítica a la luz de los aspectos éticos que evidencian los principales interrogantes relacionados con la introducción de la innovación en salud en Portugal.
The structure of 3-(2E)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidenepentane-2,4-dione was determine by X-ray crystallography. The crystallographic data analysis reveals that the title compound crystallizes in ...monoclinic system and space group P21/a with the cell parameters a = 12.7006(4)Å, b = 10.0271(5)Å, c = 20.1044(10) and β = 106.525(3)°. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares on F2 to final values of R1 = 0.083 and wR2 = 0.257. Some spectroscopic data were also reported.
Praziquantel is the only available drug to treat schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease that currently infects more than 240 million people globally. Due to increasing concerns about resistance and ...inadequate efficacy there is a need for new therapeutics. In this study, a series of 17 pyrazolines (15-31) and three pyrazoles (32-34) were synthesized and evaluated for their antiparasitic properties against ex vivo adult Schistosoma mansoni worms. Of the 20 compounds tested, six had a 50% effective concentration (EC
) below 30 μM. Our best hit, pyrazoline 22, showed promising activity against adult schistosomes, with an EC
< 10 µM. Additionally, compound 22 had low cytotoxicity, with selectivity index of 21.6 and 32.2 for monkey and human cell lines, respectively. All active pyrazolines demonstrated a negative effect on schistosome fecundity, with a marked reduction in the number of eggs. Structure-activity relationship analysis showed that the presence of the non-aromatic heterocycle and N-substitution are fundamental to the antischistosomal properties. Pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry friendliness studies were performed, and predicted values demonstrated an excellent drug-likeness profile for pyrazolines as well as an adherence to major pharmaceutical companies' filters. Collectively, this study demonstrates that pyrazoline derivatives are promising scaffolds in the discovery of novel antischistosomal agents.
The discussion in this article revolves around the selection criteria for choral repertoire, specifically in groups formed by adults and young singers. Upon searching different authors, we found ...different selection parameters for adult choral repertoire, then we proceeded to compare the criteria suggested by each author. In the next step, we analyzed the selection criteria for choral repertoire based on researches involving youth choirs, followed by a comparison between suggested parameters by those researches. In conclusion, there are common practices involving repertoire selection between youth and adult choirs, but, we also discovered selection practices that are specific to youth choirs.
Genotoxicity of root canal sealers: a literature review dos Santos Costa, Fábio Miguel; Fernandes, Maria Helena; Batistuzzo de Medeiros, Silvia Regina
Clinical oral investigations,
10/2020, Volume:
24, Issue:
10
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Objectives
Root canal sealers are widely used worldwide in endodontics to prevent reinfection and growth of surviving microorganisms. Considering the strong correlation between genetic damage and ...carcinogenesis, evaluation of genotoxicity induced by endodontic sealers is recommended for elucidating the true health risks to patients and professionals. The purpose of this article was to provide a comprehensive review of studies involving genotoxicity analysis of endodontic sealers and the used methodologies.
Materials and methods
A literature search was made in PubMed using the following combination of words “genotoxicity,” “mutagenicity,” “endodontic sealers,” and “root canal sealers.” A total of 39 articles with genotoxicity studies were selected for the present study.
Results
Sealers have been ranked in decreasing order of their genotoxicity as: ZOE sealers > GIC sealers > S sealers > ER sealers > MR sealers > Novel sealers > CH sealers > CS sealers.
Conclusions
All published data showed some evidence of genotoxicity for most of the commercial root canal sealers; however, contradictory results were found, mainly for AH Plus, the most studied sealer.
Clinical relevance
The information provided would direct the endodontists to use the less genotoxic materials in endodontic treatment in a way to reduce DNA damage promoting oral healthcare.
Simultaneous cultivation of agricultural and forest species may result in changes in plant community interactions, generating microclimatic changes within the understory and then modifying growth and ...yield characteristics of the intercropping systems. Thus, this study aimed to assess the radiation use efficiency, growth and yield of bean and soybean cultivated in succession under two arrangements of agroforestry and full sun. To these ends, two field experiments were conducted in Southern Brazil: bean in‐season and soybean off‐season. Absolute and relative growth rates, net assimilation rate, leaf weight ratio, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, radiation use efficiency and yield of bean and soybean were assessed. The solar radiation flux was modified by plant arrangement and tree canopy characteristics. Shading affected growth and yield characteristics and the radiation use efficiency of the studied crops. From the results obtained in this study, it is possible to recommend crop bean cultivation in agroforestry systems. However, for soybean, due to the reduced yields obtained in agroforestry systems, further research should be conducted in order to study more spaced arrangements and crop insertion in the early years of agroforestry, in order to enable its insertion in agroforestry systems in Southern Brazil.
Soybean-maize cropping system is highly dependent on climate condition, especially water deficit, across Brazil, affecting yield, food production and farmers profit. Based on that, the aim of this ...study was to evaluate the food production and economic viability for soybean and maize for single and soybean-maize off-season production system considering sowing dates, soil types and yield gaps in the Midwestern region. The yield was simulated using FAO-Zone agroecological model. Official yield statistics were used to validate the crop model and to estimate yield gap. We consider single soybean (SSc), single maize (SMc), and soybean-maize off-season systems (SMcs), simulating yield for 35 growing seasons (1981–2015) and six sowing dates (Oct. 01–Dec. 15 for single soybean and single maize; and Jan. 09–Mar. 26 for maize off-season, after soybean harvest). Total production was obtained in function of yield, yield gap, soil type and production intensity. Farmers profit was obtained based on net revenue using independent random function (5000 interactions) for yield, sales price and production costs. The SSc had the largest scenarios with positive net revenue, while SMcs had higher net revenue, reaching R$ 7400.00 ha−1, but with lowest risk for early sowing dates (soybean sowed in Oct. 01 and Oct. 15, and maize off-season in Jan. 09 and Jan. 24). The SMc had higher risk and lower food production in the region. The maximum gross energy production was 2663 billion MJ in SMcs sown soybean on Oct. 01. The SSc had a stable production of gross energy across the sowing dates, with values around 1900 billion MJ. The production of crude protein was similar among SMcs and SSc across sowing dates. The higher crude protein production occurred in the sowing date Oct. 15 for SMcs, with 33.9 billion kg, while SSc produced 32.9 billion kg. The highest net revenue was obtained for the SMcs in the early sowing dates. Nevertheless, the SMcs produced the highest amount of gross energy than single crop systems, but with a very similar crude protein level than SSc. Thus, farmers can be encouraged to grow SMcs to improve food production in early sowing dates. However, public incentive policies through insurance against water deficit can guarantee minimal economic returns and reduce production risks for maize off-season, especially when soybean was sowing late by delay at beginning of rain.
•Yield gaps should be reduced to improve food production and economic profit.•Single and double cropping were evaluated for food production and economic profit.•In double cropping, early sowing dates lead to the highest economic returns.•Double cropping produced more gross energy than single cropping.•Double cropping had similar crude protein production to a single soybean cropping.
A critical factor in the logistic management of firms is the degree of efficiency of the operations in distribution centers. Of particular interest is the pick-up process, since it is the costliest ...operation, amounting to 50 and up to 75% of the total cost of the activities in storage facilities. In this paper we jointly address the order batching problem (OBP) and the order picking problem (OPP). The former problem amounts to find optimal batches of goods to be picked up, by restructuring incoming orders by either splitting up large orders or combining small orders into larger ones that can then be picked in a single picking tour. The OPP, in turn, involves identifying optimal sequences of visits to the storage positions in which the goods to be included in each batch are stored. We seek to design a plan that minimizes the total operational cost of the pick-up process, proportional to the displacement times around the storage area as well as to all the time spent in pick-ups and finishing up orders to be punctually delivered. Earliness or tardiness will induce inefficiency costs, be it because of the excessive use of space or breaches of contracts with customers. Tsai, Liou and Huang in 2008 have generated 2D and 3D instances. In previous works we have addressed the 2D ones, achieving very good results. Here we focus on 3D instances (the articles are placed at different levels in the storage center), which involve a higher complexity. This contributes to improve the performance of the hybrid evolutionary algorithm (HEA) applied in our previous works.
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