ABSTRACT
We introduce the Uchuu suite of large high-resolution cosmological N-body simulations. The largest simulation, named Uchuu, consists of 2.1 trillion (12 8003) dark matter particles in a box ...of side-length 2.0 $\, h^{-1} \, \rm Gpc$, with particle mass of 3.27 × 108$\, h^{-1}\, \rm M_{\odot }$. The highest resolution simulation, Shin-Uchuu, consists of 262 billion (64003) particles in a box of side-length 140 $\, h^{-1} \, \rm Mpc$, with particle mass of 8.97 × 105$\, h^{-1}\, \rm M_{\odot }$. Combining these simulations, we can follow the evolution of dark matter haloes and subhaloes spanning those hosting dwarf galaxies to massive galaxy clusters across an unprecedented volume. In this first paper, we present basic statistics, dark matter power spectra, and the halo and subhalo mass functions, which demonstrate the wide dynamic range and superb statistics of the Uchuu suite. From an analysis of the evolution of the power spectra, we conclude that our simulations remain accurate from the baryon acoustic oscillation scale down to the very small. We also provide parameters of a mass–concentration model, which describes the evolution of halo concentration and reproduces our simulation data to within 5 per cent for haloes with masses spanning nearly eight orders of magnitude at redshift 0 ≤ z ≤ 14. There is an upturn in the mass–concentration relation for the population of all haloes and of relaxed haloes at z ≳ 0.5, whereas no upturn is detected at z < 0.5. We make publicly available various N-body products as part of Uchuu Data Release 1 on the Skies & Universes site.1 Future releases will include gravitational lensing maps and mock galaxy, X-ray cluster, and active galactic nucleus catalogues.
Introducción: Existe una disminución de la Filtración Glomerular (FG) en adultos mayores y la práctica del ejercicio puede causar cambios en la función renal. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de ...diferentes intensidades de ejercicio agudo sobre la filtración glomerular en adultos mayores. Método: 20 adultos mayores aparentemente sanos de 69,8 ± 4 años realizaron 3 pruebas de ejercicio físico: máxima y 2 sub-máximas (80% y 60%). Se colectaron muestras de sangre venosa para estimar la filtración glomerular por creatinina, antes y después del ejercicio. Resultados: Se observó una disminución significativa post-ejercicio en la filtración glomerular, estimada a partir de creatinina sérica en las pruebas máxima y sub-máxima a 80% (p < 0,05). Conclusión: El ejercicio físico agudo máximo y sub-máximo al 80% de intensidad en adultos mayores aparentemente sanos, provoca una disminución de la filtración glomerular.
Las proteínas transmembranales de organismos tipo rickettsia (OTR) además de participar en el transporte de compuestos esenciales y como receptoras de fagos, desempeñan un papel importante en el ...proceso de infección sobre organismos de importancia comercial como peces, moluscos y crustáceos. Recientemente se dio a conocer una nueva clasificación de los OTR la cual los divide en cuatro grupos: ancestral, tifo, de la fiebre manchada y transicional. Hasta el momento, solo los grupos tifo y de la fiebre manchada (TG y SFG, por sus siglas en inglés ‘Typhus Group’ y ‘Spotted Fever Group’) han sido reportados como patogénicos de organismos acuáticos. El grupo TG posee en su membrana externa antígenos celulares de superficie tipo 0, 1, 2, 4, 5 (Sca0, Sca1, Sca2, Sca4, Sca5, por sus siglas en inglés Surface cell antigens). Sca0 también es conocido como proteína transmembranal A y Sca5 como proteína transmembranal B (OmpA y OmpB, por sus siglas en inglés ‘Outer Membrane Protein’). Además se han encontrado en esta membrana externa algunas enzimas llamadas translocasas (Tlc) entre las cuales se encuentran la traslocasa 1, 4 y 5 (Tlc1, Tlc4 y Tlc5). En el grupo SFG también se han detectado estas proteínas con excepción de Sca0. Estas proteínas varían en cuanto a características y funciones. Sin embargo, la información de OTR que afectan organismos acuáticos, no es tan común como en mamíferos terrestres. En esta revisión se hace un análisis del estado del arte del estudio de proteínas transmembranales de OTR en organismos acuáticos y se contrasta con la información reportada respecto a OTR de origen terrestre, con el objetivo de inferir el posible mecanismo de infección de este tipo de patógenos.
Besides participating in the transport of essential compounds and as recipients of phages, transmembrane proteins of rickettsia-like organisms (RLO), play an important role in the infection process of commercially important organisms such as fish, mollusk and crustaceans. Recently a new classification of RLO which divides them into four groups was reported: ancestral, typhus, the spotted fever and transitional. To date, only the typhus (TG) and spotted fever (SFG) groups have been reported as pathogenic of marine organisms. The outer membrane surface of the TG group has antigens type 0, 1, 2, 4, 5 (Sca0, Sca1, Sca2, Sca4, Sca5). Sca0 are also known as outer membrane proteins A (OmpA) and Sca5 as outer membrane proteins B (OmpB). Other outer membrane proteins such as enzymes called translocase (Tlc) have been detected, including translocase 1, 4 and 5 (Tlc1, Tlc4 and Tlc5). All these proteins (except for Sca0) have been detected in the SFG group. These proteins vary in features and functions. However, the information of RLO affecting marine organisms is not as common as that of terrestrial mammals. An analysis of the state of the art on the study of transmembrane proteins of RLO in marine organisms is performed in this review; additionally, the hypothetical infection mechanism of these RLO is inferred by using this information together with that reported of RLO affecting terrestrial organisms.
A new macrolide, enigmazole C (1), and two additional analogues, enigmazoles E (2) and D (3), were obtained from a new species of the Homophymia genus as part of an ongoing discovery program at ...PharmaMar to study cytotoxic substances from marine sources. The structures were fully characterized by cumulative analyses of NMR, IR, and MS spectra, along with density functional theory computational calculations. All three of the new compounds feature an unusual 2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one moiety, but only enigmazoles C (1) and D (3) showed cytotoxic activity in the micromolar range against A-549 (lung), HT-29 (colon), MDA-MB-231 (breast), and PSN-1 (pancreas) tumor cells.
Resumen Antecedentes El grupo Progetto Nazionale Emorragia Digestiva (PNED) de Italia publicó su propuesta de escala predictora de riesgo de mortalidad en pacientes con hemorragia digestiva alta no ...variceal (HTDANV), que desde su publicación no ha sido validada en Latinoamérica. Objetivo Comparar el sistema PNED contra la escala de Rockall en la predicción de mortalidad de pacientes hospitalizados por HTDANV. Material y métodos Estudio multicéntrico prospectivo, transversal, analítico, en el cual se reclutó a pacientes con diagnóstico de hemorragia de tubo digestivo alto no variceal del 2011 al 2015. Se contó con la colaboración de 6 centros hospitalarios mexicanos. Se calculó la puntuación por escala Rockall y por sistema PNED, clasificando a los pacientes en enfermedad leve, moderada o severa. Finalmente, se determinó la asociación entre mortalidad y riesgo mediante aplicación de la χ2 y con cálculo de riesgo relativo (RR), con una p significativa al presentar valor menor de 0.05; Resultados Se recolectó información de 198 pacientes. Solo 8 pacientes (4%) fallecieron por causas directamente asociadas con la hemorragia. Al aplicar escala Rockall, 46 pacientes alcanzaron puntuación de enfermedad severa (23.2%), de los cuales 5 fallecieron, con un RR de 5.5 (IC 1.35-22.02, p=0.006). En cuanto a PNED, solo 8 pacientes alcanzaron puntuación de enfermedad severa (4%), de los cuales 5 fallecieron, con un RR de 38.7 (IC 11.4-137.3, p=0.001). Conclusiones El sistema PNED fue más selectivo para calificar un caso grave, pero tuvo mayor capacidad de predicción de mortalidad comparado con la escala Rockall.
Nutritional restriction early in life followed by catch-up growth has been associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome in adulthood. To elucidate whether altered gut colonization underlies ...the mechanisms responsible of this predisposition gut microbiome was studied before or afterwards catch-up growth. Offspring of dams fed ad libitum (C) or undernourished during pregnancy and suckling (U), were weaned onto high-fat diet (HFD) for 22 weeks (CHF and UHF, respectively) or continued on their diet. HF-feeding induced glucose intolerance (P<.05), insulin resistance (P<.001), and white adipose tissue inflammation (P<.001) in UHF rats compared to CHF. Analyses of gut microbial composition before catch-up growth revealed reduced F/B ratio and significant expansion of the mucolytic genera Akkermansia (P<.05) and Desulfovibrio (P<.05) in U pups. Although relative abundance of Akkermansia remained elevated to adulthood in U rats, HFD normalized its levels to C and CHF. Food-restriction increased intestinal permeability causing disorganization on the tight-junction proteins of colonic epithelium, Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin, and reducing the mucus thickness layer in U adult rats. The levels of ZO-1 and occludin were not recovered in U rats after HF-feeding. This event was correlated with increased circulating levels of bacterial lipopolysaccharides in both U and UHF adult rats. Even more, serum lipopolysaccharides were already elevated in U rats compared to C group (P<.001) at weaning. Thus, gut dysbiosis and chronic endotoxemia observed in U rats, even before catch-up growth, might anticipate a pro-inflammatory milieu promoting metabolic diseases when fed hyperlipidic diets.
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In recent years, space projects have evolved to faster and more variable projects. To adjust the design processes in accordance, new work methodologies arise, as the Concurrent Engineering (CE). This ...working discipline is characterized by collaborative design and the flux of information being improved by working in a dedicated environment. CE has been recently adopted by space industry for the preliminary design phase of spacecrafts and other space systems. However, this methodology does not envisage tasks prioritization, which is a fundamental aspect to achieve an optimal design solution with an efficient allocation of resources. In this work a variation of CE discipline by applying
Agile
methodologies (in which the aspect of task prioritization is essential), is proposed.
Agile
methodologies allow the proper distribution of the design effort depending on the project priorities, the state of the design and the requirements, in a continuous process to improve the design solution. The general aspects of the proposed method are presented and applied to the design of a space mission, the results being analysed and compared with to the classical CE process in order to outline its differences and similarities with CE and
Agile
methodologies and show its potential for a new environment for space project design.
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