Non-cognitive traits have been theorised to predict characteristics, career choice and outcomes of health professionals and could represent a homogenous group. This study aims to profile and compare ...personality traits, behaviour styles and emotional intelligence of health practitioners across a variety of professions.
Empirical literature was systematically reviewed. A two-concept search strategy was applied to four databases (CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, ProQuest). Title/abstract and full text articles were screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methodological quality was assessed using Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data was synthesised narratively and meta-aggregated where feasible.
Three hundred twenty-one studies representing 153 assessment tools of personality (n = 83 studies), behaviour (n = 8), and emotional intelligence (n = 62) were included. Most studies (n = 171) explored personality (medicine, nursing, nursing assistants, dentistry, allied health, paramedics), revealing variation in traits across professions. Behaviour styles were least measured with only ten studies exploring these across four health professions (nursing, medicine, occupational therapy, psychology). Emotional intelligence (n = 146 studies) varied amongst professions (medicine, nursing, dentistry, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, radiology) with all exhibiting average to above-average scores.
Personality traits, behaviour styles and emotional intelligence are all key characteristics of health professionals reported in the literature. There is both heterogeneity and homogeneity within and between professional groups. The characterisation and understanding of these non-cognitive traits will aid health professionals to understand their own non-cognitive features and how these might be useful in predicting performance with potential to adapt these to enhance success within their chosen profession.
Psilocybin is a tryptamine-derived psychoactive alkaloid found mainly in the fungal genus Psilocybe, among others, and is the active ingredient in so-called “magic mushrooms”. Although its notoriety ...originates from its psychotropic properties and popular use as a recreational drug, clinical trials have recently recognized psilocybin as a promising candidate for the treatment of various psychological and neurological afflictions. In this work, we demonstrate the de novo biosynthetic production of psilocybin and related tryptamine derivatives in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by expression of a heterologous biosynthesis pathway sourced from Psilocybe cubensis. Additionally, we achieve improved product titers by supplementing the pathway with a novel cytochrome P450 reductase from P. cubensis. Further rational engineering resulted in a final production strain producing 627 ± 140 mg/L of psilocybin and 580 ± 276 mg/L of the dephosphorylated degradation product psilocin in triplicate controlled fed-batch fermentations in minimal synthetic media. Pathway intermediates baeocystin, nor norbaeocystin as well the dephosphorylated baeocystin degradation product norpsilocin were also detected in strains engineered for psilocybin production. We also demonstrate the biosynthetic production of natural tryptamine derivative aeruginascin as well as the production of a new-to-nature tryptamine derivative N-acetyl-4-hydroxytryptamine. These results lay the foundation for the biotechnological production of psilocybin in a controlled environment for pharmaceutical applications, and provide a starting point for the biosynthetic production of other tryptamine derivatives of therapeutic relevance.
•De novo production of psilocybin in S. cerevisiae.•Expression of a novel cytochrome P450 reductase from P. cubensis significantly boosts production.•Rational metabolic engineering results in 627 mg/L psilocybin production.•Production of natural and new-to-nature tryptamine derivatives demonstrated including norbaeocystin, baeocystin, and aeruginascin.
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a group of three uncommon and potentially fatal conditions, each of which is transmitted as a somatic dominant trait. A recognized trigger to attacks is dental ...treatment, with tooth extraction frequently reported in the published work. The clinical symptoms may not manifest for many hours or even days after the procedure. We describe a recent case in Australia in which death resulted from HAE following dental extraction, and we discuss its post‐mortem presentation and diagnosis, highlighting the need for dental practitioners to be aware of this condition.
Movement and physical activity is crucial to brain development and has a positive impact on the ability to learn. With children spending a large portion of their time in the school setting, physical ...activity and the development of motor skills in this environment may not only impact their overall development but may also influence their learning. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between motor proficiency and reading skills in Year-1 children.
A cross-sectional study with a single class of Year-1 students (n = 24: mean age = 6.07 ± 0.35 years). Assessments included; a) Process Assessment of the Learner (PAL-II) - Diagnostics for Reading and Writing (reading components only); b) Bruininks-Oseretsky-Test-of-Motor-Proficiency (BOT2); c) parent-reported height/weight and; d) Preparatory Year academic reports. The PAL-II was individually administered. The BOT2 was administered in small groups. Parent-reported height and weight measurements as well as Preparatory Year reports provided by the school Principal were obtained for each participant.
Significant negative relationships were obtained between Year-1 children's total motor proficiency and silent reading ability (r = -.53 to -.59, p ≤ .01). While not significant for female students, the relationships were significant and strongly correlated for male students (r = -.738 to -.810, p ≤ .001). Children with low-average English grades demonstrated a strong positive relationship between motor proficiency and pre-reading skills, essential to functional reading (r = .664., p = .04 to r = .716, p = .04).
For children with low-average English grades, the strong, positive relationship between motor proficiency and pre-reading skills suggests that this population may benefit from additional motor proficiency skills. Blending of motor skills within the English curriculum may benefit both of these sub-groups within a classroom environment.
The feasibility of silica removal in RO treatment of groundwater from a Western Australian mining and processing operation to prevent scaling and enhance water recovery was investigated. This study ...has shown that it is possible to decrease the silica concentration in RO concentrate to levels that would allow an overall water recovery of 90% to 95% using 10g/L of regenerable activated alumina adsorbent. Regeneration of the adsorbent using 2% NaOH was found to be effective for at least three regeneration cycles. A preliminary costing of the high water recovery RO process using silica removal by adsorption indicated product water (permeate) costs of $5.6/kL and savings due to a reduction in brine volume from the current 40% of feed volume to 5–10% of feed volume. It also allows better utilisation of a scarce groundwater resource, allowing the production of up to 1.6 times more low salt water from a given volume of groundwater. These results warrant larger scale investigation of silica removal and adsorbent regeneration for high recovery RO processing for mining operations, and application of silica removal to RO treatment of other silica laden waters such as coal seam gas produced water.
•System water recoveries between 90% and 95% are predicted.•Brine volume reductions between ¼ and ⅛ of the current volume are predicted.•Regeneration of the activated alumina increased its adsorption capacity.•Silica can be removed from groundwater RO concentrate using activated alumina.•The silica-loaded activated alumina can be regenerated using 2% NaOH.
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a malignant, often indolent vascular tumor which occurs at various anatomic sites. Based on a reciprocal translocation t (1;3)(p36;q25), a consistent WWTR1-CAMTA1 ...fusion gene has been found. An alternate YAP1-TFE3 fusion has been detected in a small and distinct subset of cases.
Thirty-nine tumors, from 24 females and 15 males with an age range 9-85 years, were located in soft tissue (head and neck 8, trunk 5, upper extremities 3, lower extremities 2, mediastinal 1, and paratesticular 1), lymph node (1), breast (1), skin (2), bone (6), lung (7), and liver (2). The cases were investigated using a panel of immunohistochemical markers. The aforementioned fusion-genes were examined using RT-PCR and/or FISH in order to validate their diagnostic value.
Follow-up available for 17 patients ranged from 3 months to 7 years (median interval 1.5 years). Eleven patients were alive without disease, 2 patients were alive with disease after 1.5 and 2 years, respectively. Four patients died of disease after 4 months (n = 1), 5 months (n = 2), and 1.5 years (n = 1).The size, known for 30 lesions, was >3 cm in 9 of them. Histologically, all lesions had classical features, at least focally. Four tumors counted >3 mitoses/50 HPF. Immunohistochemically, all cases tested stained positive for ERG (21), FLI1 (5) and CD31 (39). CD34 and D2-40 positivity was seen in 81% and 71% of the examined cases, respectively. 11/35 cases expressed pan-keratin and 6/20 cases CK8.18. TFE3 showed a nuclear reaction in 21/24 cases, irrespective of TFE3 rearrangement.Molecular genetically, 35/35 cases revealed one of the fusion genes by FISH and/or RT-PCR with WWTR1-CAMTA1 in 33 cases and YAP1-TFE3 in 2 cases.
These results demonstrate the high diagnostic value of FISH and RT-PCR in detecting the fusion genes of EHE. The immunohistochemical utility of TFE3 appears questionable in this study.
The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/4010279141259481.
A complete case example of a fatal 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) overdose involving a 23-year-old male is described. Included are details of not only the patient's presentation symptoms and treatment, but ...also the subsequent findings of the coronial investigation process including the autopsy, post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) scanning and toxicological analysis and results. The patient presented with elevated temperature, heart rate and blood pressure. Multiple treatments were conducted to counteract these symptoms, however the patient died approximately 1.5 hours after hospital admission and some 4.5 hours after the DNP was initially consumed. Autopsy revealed the presence of cardiovascular disease that was contributory to death and post-mortem computed tomography showed evidence of decompositional intravascular gas in the neck, head, face, lower abdomen, heart and hepatic systems. Toxicological analysis was completed by protein precipitation with methanol and subsequent instrumental analysis by LC/MS/MS in negative ion mode. The antemortem blood specimen showed the presence of tadalafil, two anabolic steroids and a DNP concentration of 110 mg/kg which is consistent with other reported DNP fatalities. Despite the small amount of time between the antemortem specimen collection and death, the DNP concentration identified in the femoral blood post-mortem specimen was comparably low (5.5 mg/kg). DNP concentrations also reduced during an extended period of specimen storage prior to analysis indicating some instability in biological specimens even when refrigerated or frozen. DNP was found to be distributed primarily in the aqueous tissues (blood, vitreous, bile) rather than solid matrices (liver, kidney, muscle).
•A complete case example of a fatal 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) overdose is presented.•Post-mortem computed tomography showed evidence of accelerated decompositional intravascular gas in multiple regions.•Toxicological analysis showed an elevated ante-mortem blood DNP concentration of 110 mg/L.•A large reduction in DNP concentration was identified in post-mortem specimens.•DNP showed a higher distribution in liquid (blood, vitreous, bile) rather than solid matrices (liver, kidney, muscle).
A growing number of researchers are using Facebook to recruit for a range of online health, medical, and psychosocial studies. There is limited research on the representativeness of participants ...recruited from Facebook, and the content is rarely mentioned in the methods, despite some suggestion that the advertisement content affects recruitment success. This study explores the impact of different Facebook advertisement content for the same study on recruitment rate, engagement, and participant characteristics. Five Facebook advertisement sets (“resilience”, “happiness”, “strength”, “mental fitness”, and “mental health”) were used to recruit male participants to an online mental health study which allowed them to find out about their mental health and wellbeing through completing six measures. The Facebook advertisements recruited 372 men to the study over a one month period. The cost per participant from the advertisement sets ranged from $0.55 to $3.85 Australian dollars. The “strength” advertisements resulted in the highest recruitment rate, but participants from this group were least engaged in the study website. The “strength” and “happiness” advertisements recruited more younger men. Participants recruited from the “mental health” advertisements had worse outcomes on the clinical measures of distress, wellbeing, strength, and stress. This study confirmed that different Facebook advertisement content leads to different recruitment rates and engagement with a study. Different advertisement also leads to selection bias in terms of demographic and mental health characteristics. Researchers should carefully consider the content of social media advertisements to be in accordance with their target population and consider reporting this to enable better assessment of generalisability.
•Different Facebook advertisement content for the same online study led to different recruitment rates for men.•Participants recruited from the different advertisements engaged in the study in different ways.•Participants recruited from the different advertisements varied in their demographic and mental health characteristics.•Researchers to carefully consider the content of the social media advertisements and consider reporting details.
Macropodid (kangaroo and wallaby) males use their forelimbs as weaponry in fights for dominance and access to females. The choreography and intensity of these fights varies with species body size. It ...has been established that the largest species show stronger dimorphism in upper limb muscularity as a product of sexual selection via increased intermale competition. However, beyond muscularity, and across the other macropodid species, limb dimorphism is poorly understood. Here, we examine dimorphism in the relative proportions of the bones within the forelimb and between the fore‐ and hindlimbs. We used a large sample of bones from 15 promiscuous macropodid species to confirm that absolute dimorphism in the forelimb becomes greater with body size (indexed by cranial length), and to further explore whether dimorphism in relative forelimb proportions increases also. As macropodids are obligate bipedal hoppers, no dimorphism was expected in the lower limb. Phylogenetic generalized least‐square regression was used to resolve phylogenetic non‐independence of the data. Greater upper limb dimorphism was significantly correlated with longer crania, confirming established patterns, but we found it was the relative length of the male humerus that became increasingly exaggerated with species' body size, not the radius as previously suggested. Enlarged proximal limb segments are indicative of adaptations for powerful movements. This aligns with higher intensity and ritualization of male agonistic behaviour, and reflects an increased selection for strong male forelimbs in the larger promiscuous species. Contrary to our hypothesis, relative male pes length decreased with body size, possibly indicating selection for a stronger and sturdier pes required for powerful kicks. This study clarifies the patterns of sexual dimorphism in Macropodidae limbs and illustrates the power of sexual selection to influence anatomy that is fundamental to locomotion in both sexes.
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