...rural indigenous communities throughout Oaxaca were largely unaffected in the early days of the pandemic. According to the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico’s premier ...entity for the promotion of scientific and technological advances, and its tracking site 5, official rates of infection through mid-May 2020 remained low, especially in Oaxaca, with most indigenous communities registering no or very few cases until July 2020. To prepare for the next pandemic, we must build upon the experience of these communities to develop public health programming and opportunities in anticipation of a more effective response. 1 Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA 2 Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA 3 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, RTP, North Carolina, USA
We report on two exercises, musical interludes and the teaching laboratory, we developed for use in Economic Anthropology courses. The Musical Interlude asks students to present a song to the class ...(typically using a music video) and responding to a series of questions, summarizing the ways it reflects course themes. For the teaching laboratory, students are organized into working groups and collectively analyse and present their selections during the last week of class, addressing specific themes including altruism and selfishness. These assignments embrace the concept of musicking introduced by Christopher Small (1998), as students capture what he describes as music’s social value in understanding ourselves and others.
Major League Baseball's (MLB) unwritten rules and unspoken norms communicate the continuing role that white American cultural values have within the sport. Coded into the past and present, ...foreign-born players, especially those from Latin America, confront these norms as they arrive to MLB with a distinctly Caribbean tíguere style of play. MLB seeks to overcome these differences by promoting its young Latino superstars through the marketing campaign Let the Kids Play. However, all actors, from The Office of the Commissioner of Baseball to current players, must increase their cultural competency and uproot their essentialist viewpoints to understand that these players are not trying to show up their opponent, but are instead adhering to the style of play they themselves learned and know best.
This project concerns Major League Baseball’s (MLB) developmental academies in the Dominican Republic (henceforth D.R.). Athletes from across Latin America, once signed, begin at this first level of ...Minor League Baseball to prove their sporting abilities, learn English and become consummate professionals. This thesis describes the history of the United States (U.S.)-D.R. relationship through the lens of baseball, then moves into ethnographic fieldwork completed at one MLB academy in the D.R. during the summer of 2019. The research included watching Dominican Summer League games, touring the facility, interviewing staff and sitting in on a high school equivalency course. This fieldwork found various so-called ‘signs of universality’ as to how baseball is played worldwide: these include language/ritual, camaraderie, food, education and masculinity. The historical context surrounding the relationship between the nations shows how many neoliberal and neocolonial enclaves formed in the D.R., one of which is these baseball academies. Concluding thoughts cover how this system evolved, where it stands as of 2020 and what can still be improved to provide ideal conditions for these teenage players.
To evaluate the prognosis of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) and medical therapy (MT) in elderly patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
A total of 238 ...STEMI patients aged above 80 and treated with PPCI (n=186) and MT (n=52) at Harefield Hospital, London were included in this study. Patients who did not have true STEMI based on non-diagnostic electrocardiogram (ECG) for STEMI and negative troponin, who presented with left bundle branch block (LBBB) and had normal coronaries were excluded from this study. Primary PCI was defined as any use of a guidewire for more than diagnostic purposes in patients with STEMI, whereas conventional MT was defined as treatment of patients with anti-platelets and anti-thrombotic medications without thrombolysis.
The survival rate of PPCI patients was 86% (n=160) at month 1 followed by 83.9% (n=156) at month 6, and 81.2% (n=151) at month 12. The survival rate of MT patients was 44.2% (n=23) at month 1 followed by 36.5% (n=19) at month 6, and 34.6% (n=18) at month 12. Compared to MT, significantly fewer comorbidities were found in the PPCI group. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) (4.8%) and consequent admission to intensive care unit (7%) were the major complications of the PPCI group.
PPCI has a higher survival rate and, compared to MT, fewer comorbidities were observed in the PPCI group of elderly patients presenting with STEMI.
Until recently, liver transplantation was contraindicated in Jehovah's Witness patients because of recipient-imposed restrictions on use of blood products. However, recent improvements in surgical ...and anaesthetic techniques and new procoagulant agents challenge this practice. We describe two Jehovah's Witness patients who had successful liver transplantation without blood transfusion. To our knowledge, these are the first such cases in Australasia. The techniques used to minimise blood loss and transfusion requirements could potentially benefit all patients undergoing major surgery.
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The value of extent of resection (EOR) in improving survival in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains controversial. Specifically, it is unclear what proportion of contrast-enhancing ...tumor must be resected for a survival advantage and how much survival improves beyond this threshold. The authors attempt to define these values for the patient with newly diagnosed GBM in the modern neurosurgical era.
The authors identified 500 consecutive newly diagnosed patients with supratentorial GBM treated at the University of California, San Francisco between 1997 and 2009. Clinical, radiographic, and outcome parameters were measured for each case, including MR imaging-based volumetric tumor analysis.
The patients had a median age of 60 years and presented with a median Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score of 80. The mean clinical follow-up period was 15.3 months, and no patient was unaccounted for. All patients underwent resection followed by chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The median postoperative tumor volume was 2.3 cm(3), equating to a 96% EOR. The median overall survival was 12.2 months. Using Cox proportional hazards analysis, age, KPS score, and EOR were predictive of survival (p < 0.0001). A significant survival advantage was seen with as little as 78% EOR, and stepwise improvement in survival was evident even in the 95%-100% EOR range. A recursive partitioning analysis validated these findings and provided additional risk stratification parameters related to age, EOR, and tumor burden.
For patients with newly diagnosed GBMs, aggressive EOR equates to improvement in overall survival, even at the highest levels of resection. Interestingly, subtotal resections as low as 78% also correspond to a survival benefit.
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