Brussels 1900 Vienna examines the complex cultural networks between Austria and Belgium (1880-1930), and situates these interrelations within a wider European context. The collection covers various ...fields, including literature, translation, music, theatre, visual arts, café culture, and architecture.
This chapter surveysfin-de-siècleVienna’s transnational and transcultural relations in the arts with cultural centres in Western and Northern Europe, as well as with the rising movements in Central ...Europe. After providing the social, historic, and technical context, I elucidate the theoretical foundation of this chapter by outlining a concept of cultural transfer based on the idea of networks as a tool for analysing the complexities of transnational relations around 1900. In contrast to models of reception, the theory of cultural transfer focuses strongly on the transmitters of information and the forms of media they use. Around 1900, technical innovation
Introduction Mitterbauer, Helga; Smith-Prei, Carrie
Crossing Central Europe,
04/2017
Book Chapter
Open access
Central Europe has experienced strong vicissitudes in politics, geographical borders, and ethnic diversity. Around 1900, large parts of it belonged to the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy or the German ...Empire; some parts formed the borderlands of the Russian Empire and were territories of transition between the West and the East. In general, the nineteenth century was the time when nation-states evolved – a process that led to radical transformations. After the First World War, instead of a few large empires, the map of Europe showed a great number of smaller states, most of which had been transformed from monarchies into republics with thoroughly
Transcriptional response in the unaffected kidney after contralateral hydronephrosis or nephrectomy.
Unilateral loss of kidney function is followed by compensatory contralateral growth. The early, ...genome-wide transcriptional response of the untouched kidney to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) or unilateral nephrectomy is unknown.
Twelve adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to UUO and twelve rats to unilateral nephrectomy. At time points 12, 24, and 72 hours after insult four rats each were sacrificed and the contralateral kidney harvested for genome-wide gene expression analysis, transcription factor analysis, and histomorphology.
Microarray studies revealed that the majority of differentially expressed transcripts were suppressed in UUO and unilateral nephrectomy compared to control kidneys. The function of these suppressed genes is predominantly growth inhibition and apoptosis suggesting a net pro-hypertrophic response. Insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2)-binding protein was one of the few activated genes. We observed a distinctly different molecular signature between UUO and unilateral nephrectomy at the three time points investigated. The early response in UUO rats suggests a counterbalance to the nonfiltering kidney by activation of transport pathways such as the aquaporins. Unilateral nephrectomy kidneys, on the other hand, respond immediately to contralateral nephrectomy by activation of cell cycle regulators such as the cyclin family. Several genes with weakly defined function were found to be associated with either UUO or unilateral nephrectomy. Transcription factor analysis of the identified transcripts suggests common regulation at least of some of these genes. All kidneys showed normal histology.
Release of growth inhibition by nephrectomy leads to immediate cell cycle activation after unilateral nephrectomy, whereas UUO kidneys counterbalance filtration failure by activation of several transporters.
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