Polypyrrole nanostructure arrays, including simultaneously large quantities of nanowires and small quantities of partially filled nanotubules have been electrochemically synthesized in home-made ...etched ion-track polycarbonate (PC) templates. Diameter of the prepared nanostructures varies from 45 to 320
nm with their lengths up to 30 microns. Morphological studies of these nanostructures were performed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Raman spectroscopy. While optical absorption properties were studied by ultraviolet–visible–near infrared spectrophotometry (UV–vis–NIR). It has been observed that the absorption maximum of polypyrrole shifts to the longer wavelength side as the diameter of these nanostructures (nanowires and nanotubules) increases.
Hamilton et al. proposed a simple formula relating the non-linear autocorrelation function of the mass distribution to the primordial spectrum of density fluctuations for gravitational clustering in ...an Ω=1 universe. We present high-resolution N-body simulations which show this formula to work well for scale-free spectra P(k) ∝ kn when n ~ 0, but not when n < – 1. We show that a modified version of the formula can work well provided that its form is allowed to depend on n. Our modified formula is easy to apply and is is a good fit to N-body simulations which have 0 ≤ n ≤ − 2. It can also be applied to non-power law initial spectra such as that of the cold dark matter model by using the local spectral index at the current non-linear scale as the effective value of n at any given redshift. We give analytic expressions both for the non-linear correlation function and for the non-linear power spectrum.
Oxidative stress seems to play an important role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). At present there are no easily accessible biochemical markers for AD. We performed activity assays ...for platelet MAO-B and erythrocyte Cu/Zn-SOD as well as Western blotting for these two proteins. Moreover, we assessed plasma lactoferrin and performed RFLP-analysis for the MAO-B-intron-13-polymorphism in patients from the Vienna-Transdanube Aging (VITA) and from the so called centenarian project. The first one, VITA, is a community-based cohort study of all 75 years old inhabitants of a geographical region of Vienna. The centenarian project investigates chronic care in-old patients suffering from AD. In both sexes platelet MAO-B activity increased significantly in the AD group, and Cu/Zn-SOD activity decreased, but the latter effect was significant only in females. No significant difference was found regarding plasma lactoferrin. No correlation was found between MAO-Bi13 and MAO-B platelet activity or allele MAO-Bi13 and disease frequency. These results point to the possibility that a combination of MAO-B and SOD activity levels might be useful tools for an early diagnosis of AD.
The increasing consumption of paper products has led to a shortage of paper fiber raw materials. It is necessary to develop new plant materials to alleviate the shortage of fiber suitable for ...papermaking. In this study, the fast-growing plant golden bamboo grass (Arundo donax), which is cultivated and planted in Guangxi province of China, was used as a new material for pulping. The average pulp yield by cyclic-cooking method averaged 48.6%, being 4.1% greater than the pulp yield by the ordinary caustic soda method. Much of the increased yield was attributable to the reprecipitation of lignin onto the fibers. The paper properties of the pulp prepared by cycle-cooked method did not decrease significantly, compared with the pulp prepared by the usual single-cooked method. Therefore, the pulp met the requirements of national standards of many kinds of papers. However, the pulp was not suitable for bleaching, due to its high consumption of oxidizing agents to reach the required brightness. Therefore, this research demonstrates that the fast-growing plant, Arundo donax is a good raw material for pulp, and the innovative method of cycle-cooking method can significantly improve the pulp yield.
Uroflowmetry in healthy women: A systematic review Sorel, Marique R.; Reitsma, Hans J.B.; Rosier, Peter F.W.M. ...
Neurourology and urodynamics,
April 2017, 2017-04-00, 20170401, Volume:
36, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Currently, limited research on the fate of antimicrobials in the environment exists, once they are discharged in human and animal wastes. Sorption of two antimicrobials, sulfadimethoxine (SDM) and ...ormetoprim (OMP), was investigated in two soils and sand using a series of batch experiments. Because OMP and SDM are often administered in combination, their sorption was also investigated in combination as co-solutes. The rate of SDM and OMP sorption was rapid over the first few hours of the experiments, which then slowed considerably after 16 to 68 h. OMP sorption was enhanced at high concentrations when in combination with SDM, with linear sorption coefficients ranging from 1.3 to 58.3 L·kg-1 in the single solute experiments and 4.96 to 89.7 L·kg-1 in the co-solute experiments. Sorption of OMP as a single solute seems to provide a better fit with the Freundlich equation, which became more linear (n approached 1) when SDM was present. Overall, SDM sorbed less than OMP in the two soils and sand. SDM linear sorption coefficients ranged from 0.4 to 25.8 L·kg-1 as a single solute and 2.5 to 22.1 L·kg-1 as a co-solute. Sorption of SDM becomes more nonlinear (n < 1) when SDM is present in combination with OMP. Overall, sorption of both antimicrobials increased in the selected soils and sand as the organic matter, clay content, and cation exchange capacity increased. These experiments indicate relatively low sorption of SDM and OMP in natural soils, making them a potential threat to surface and ground water.
Using e+e- collision data collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.2 fb-1 at center-of-mass energies (ps) from 4.009 to 4.600 GeV, the ...process e+e- →π0π0ψ (3686) is studied for the first time. The corresponding Born cross sections are measured and found to be half of those of the reaction e+e- π+π-ψ (3686). This is consistent with the expectation from isospin symmetry. Furthermore, the Dalitz plots for π0π0ψ (3686) are accordant with those of π+π-ψ (3686) at all energy points, and a neutral analogue to the structure in π±ψ (3686) around 4040 MeV/c2 first observed at $\sqrt{s}$ = 4.416 GeV is observed in the isospin neutral mode at the same energy.
Potassium release through ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels contributes to hypoxic vasodilation in the skeletal muscle vascular bed: It is uncertain whether K(ATP) channels on muscle cells ...contribute to the process. Potassium from muscle cells must cross the interstitial space to reach the vascular tissues, whereas that from vascular endothelium would have a higher concentration in venous blood than in interstitial fluid. We determined the effect of systemic hypoxia on arterial, venous, and interstitial potassium in the constant-flow-perfused gracilis muscles of anesthetized dogs. Hypoxia reduced arterial Po(2) from 138 to 25 and Pco(2) from 28 to 26 mmHg. Arterial pH and potassium were well correlated (r(2) = 0.9): Both increased in early hypoxia and decreased during the postcontrol. In denervated muscles, perfusion pressure decreased from 95 to 76 mmHg by the end of the hypoxic period; neither venous nor interstitial potassium was elevated. In innervated muscles, perfusion pressure increased from 110 to 172 mmHg by the 11th min of hypoxia and then decreased to 146 mmHg by the end of the hypoxic period; venous potassium increased from 5.0 to 5.3 mM, but interstitial potassium remained unchanged. Glibenclamide abolished both the increase in venous potassium and the hypoxic vasodilation in the innervated muscle. Thus skeletal muscle cells were unlikely to have contributed to the release of potassium, which was suggested to originate from vascular endothelium. The sympathetic nerve supply may play a direct or indirect role in the opening of K(ATP) channels under hypoxic conditions.
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