Purpose
The most common cause of shoulder pain originating from the acromioclavicular (AC) joint is osteoarthritis, causing pain and disability. Operative Management of AC arthritis includes ...arthroscopic distal clavicle resection (DCR) and open clavicle resection. This study was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of isolated rotator cuff repair with conservative treatment of ACJ arthritis versus the combined resection of the distal clavicle with the repair of a rotator cuff tear, in cases with acromioclavicular arthritis.
Methods
A total of 46 patients with unilateral or bilateral combined rotator cuff tear and acromioclavicular arthritis were included, they were classified into 2 independent groups: Conservative group (23 patients), and DCR group (23 patients). All patients were subjected to full history taking, examination, pre and post-operative University of California at Los Angeles shoulder scoring scale (UCLA), Antero-Posterior and Zanca X-rays views, early and late complications.
Results
Mean age was (51 ± 9) years, males were predominant (56.5%). The average post-operative UCLA score was (31.1 ± 4.9), and the average time to return to work was (214 ± 22). (2.2%) of patients had early complications, (19.6%) had late complications, (32.6%) had > 24 h till 1st post-operative analgesia, and (87%) needed MgSO4 Injection. We found a highly significant increase in UCLA score measurements in the Conservative group, and a highly significant increase in UCLA score measurements in the DCR group (
p
< 0.01). But there was no difference between the 2 groups.
Conclusion
Conventional conservative approach with arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and subacromial decompression has proven to be as effective as arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and subacromial decompression with DCR, in terms of efficacy and safety profiles in short term, but with more risks of potential hazards and cost with the DCR.
Caffeine (CAF) is a challenging natural bioactive compound with proven antiaging efficacy. However, being hydrophilic hampers its permeation through the skin. Our aim is to develop a novel CAF-loaded ...nano-cosmeceutical tool counteracting skin photoaging via improving CAF skin permeation using a bioactive nanocarrier. Caffeinated hyalurosomes are novel biocompatible antiaging nanoplatforms designed by immobilization of phospholipid vesicles with a hyaluronan polymer. Physicochemical properties of the selected hyalurosomes formulation showed nano-sized vesicles (210.10 ± 1.87 nm), with high zeta potential (−31.30 ± 1.19 mv), and high encapsulation efficiency (84.60 ± 1.05%). In vitro release results showed outstanding sustained release profile from caffeinated hyalurosomes compared to the CAF-loaded in conventional gel over 24 h. The in-vivo study revealed a photoprotective effect of caffeinated hyalurosomes, reflected from the intact and wrinkling-free skin. Results of biochemical analyses of oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory mediators, and anti-wrinkling markers further confirmed the efficacy of the prepared hyalurosomes compared to the CAF conventional gel. Finally, histopathological examination demonstrated normal histological structures of epidermal layers with minimal inflammatory cell infiltrates in the caffeinated hyalurosomes group compared to the positive control group. Conclusively, caffeinated hyalurosomes successfully achieved enhanced CAF loading and penetration into the skin besides the hydration effect of hyaluronan. Consequently, the developed delivery system presents a promising skin protection nano-platforms via the double effects of both hyaluronan and CAF, hence it guards against skin photodamage.
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•Elaborating novel caffeinated hyalurosomes as cosmeceutical nanogel for photoaging.•Caffeinated Hyalurosomes have a dual-effect avoiding poor caffeine permeability.•Caffeinated hyalurosomes showed a significant increase in caffeine skin deposition.•Caffeinated hyalurosomes restored the normal skin structure.•Biological studies confirmed caffeinated hyalurosomes safety and efficiency.
This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of
Enterobacter cloacae
PS14 and
Trichoderma asperellum
T34 in the control of potato wilt, caused by
Ralstonia solanacearum
(Smith), under greenhouse and ...field conditions. In vitro, the endophyte
E
.
cloacae
PS14 caused the highest reduction of the pathogen growth among 7 screened bacteria. It produced an inhibition zone as 16.9 mm compared to a specific antibiotic (20.0 mm).
E
.
cloacae
PS14 was selected as an effective antagonistic bacterium to be compared to
T
.
asperellum
strain T34 for reduction of the disease as well as increasing the crop yield of potato plants. Both
E
.
cloacae
and
T
.
asperellum
reduced the disease severity up to 10.7–26.5%, respectively, under greenhouse and up to 26.6–36.6%, respectively, under field conditions. The results approved that both
E
.
cloacae
and
T
.
asperellum
increased the yield of the crop by 20.44–40.96%, respectively. Their mode of action was indicated by suppression of the pathogen as well as induction of plant systemic resistance. The induction of systemic resistance was confirmed by increasing the total phenol and salicylic acid contents as well as increasing the activities of peroxidase, lipoxygenase, and polyphenol oxidase in potato plants than the healthy or only infected plants. Production of siderophore, indole-3-acetic acid (0.577–0.884 μM), hydrogen cyanide (2.34–3.61 μg/ml), and salicylic acid (0.436–1.488 μg/ml) was confirmed by E. cloacae PS14 and
T
.
asperellum
T34, respectively, in vitro. The study recommends the new strain
E
.
cloacae
PS14, as new endophytic effective bacteria, in the control of
R
.
solanacearum
causing the potato wilt disease.
Casting and solid-state reaction methods were used to prepare composites of PVA/CMC/PEG/x wt% Zn
0.9
Cu
0.1
S (x = 0, 1, 3, 5, 10). The nanofiller Zn
0.9
Cu
0.1
S was investigated applying XRD ...Rietveld analysis. XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDS techniques were used to trace the variation of the structure and morphology of the PVA/CMC/PEG blend upon loading with different Zn
0.9
Cu
0.1
S contents. The effect of the filler content (x) on the linear and nonlinear features of the host blend was examined. The direct and indirect optical band gaps of PVA/CMC/PEG (5.87 and 5.31 eV) reduced upon loading with Zn
0.9
Cu
0.1
S, attaining minimum values (4.47 and 3.65 eV) for x = 10%. The fluorescence intensity and the emitted colors of the blends depended on the amount of the nanofiller. The dielectric constant (
ε
′), dielectric loss factor (
ε
′′), the real (
M′
) and imaginary (
M′
′) parts of the electric modulus changed nonmonotonically with the nanofiller content (x). Among all blends,
ε
′ disclosed higher values for the blend with x = 10 wt% and lowest ones for x = 1 wt%, while
ε
′′ attained highest values for the blend with x = 3 wt%, and lowest values for x = 5 wt%.
Molecules containing triazolopyrimidine core showed diverse biological activities, including anti-Alzheimer's, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-tuberculosis, anti-viral, ...anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory, anti-parkinsonism, and anti-glaucoma activities. Triazolopyrimidines have 8 isomeric structures, including the most stable 1,2,4-triazolo1,5- a pyrimidine ones. Triazolopyrimidines were obtained by using various chemical reactions, including a) 1,2,4-triazole nucleus annulation to pyrimidine, b) pyrimidines annulation to 1,2,4-triazole structure, c) 1,2,4-triazolol,5-a pyrimidines rearrangement, and d) pyrimidotetrazine rearrangement. This review discusses synthetic methods, recent pharmacological actions and drug delivery perspectives of triazolopyrimidines.
The most efficient way to create novel materials that may be used in a variety of optoelectronic applications is thought to be doped mixed polymers with appropriate fillers. Undoped and doped PVC ...polymers with ZnS/Mn formed at different temperatures were fabricated using the casting method. The Rietveld method was used to discover the structure and microstructure of Zn
Mn
S prepared at T = 300, 400, and 500 °C. The distribution and existence of the nanofiller over the PVC matrix were determined via XRD, FTIR, EDS, and SEM techniques. The effect of the preparation temperatures of the ZnS/Mn nanofiller on the absorption, transmittance, reflectance, refractive index, extinction coefficient, dielectric constant, AC conductivity, electrical modulus, and DC conductivity activation energy data of the PVC polymer was studied using the diffused reflectance technique. Doping PVC with ZnS/Mn (prepared at 300 °C) lowered the direct and indirect optical band gaps from 5.4 and 4.52 eV to minimum values of 4.55 and 3.63 eV. The fluorescence intensity of pure PVC is greatly enhanced upon loading with ZnS/Mn. The PVC exhibited two near UV peaks, one violet and one blue color, while, in addition, the doped polymers exhibited green and orange colors. The corresponding CIE diagram for all the samples was also determined.
Enhancement in properties of thermal storage materials improves their performance and contributes to reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. The enhancement can be made in a passive way, which is ...cost-effective and hardly requires management. For decades, phase change materials (PCMs) have been used in many applications for thermal storage, thermal control and thermal insulation purposes. PCM can store a huge amount of energy with low or no temperature swing. However, the major drawback of PCM is the low thermal conductivity. Techniques of different scales (macroscopic, microscopic and nanoscopic) have been adopted in thermal engineering to enhance the thermal conductivity of PCM. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature dealing with micro/nano enhancement techniques of PCMs. Enhancement effects as well as limitations of each technique are discussed in detail. Moreover, direction for future research and possible challenges are pointed out along with conclusions drawn from the studies.
Novel and low-cost blended polymers were created based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as host polymer matrix doped with nano ZnCo
2-x
Al
x
O
4
...samples with and without multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) via sol–gel and casting procedures. The structure and morphology of the studied samples were explored. Compared to an undoped PVA/PVP/PEG blend, a doped blend is better at absorbing visible light. Doped blend with 10% Al in the absence of MWCNTs showed the maximum absorbance, but the blend doped with MWCNTs and 20% Al nanofiller had the highest absorbance. The blend's reflectivity changed depending on the quantity of Al in ZnCo
2-x
Al
x
O
4 (
with and without MWCNTs). The lowest direct and indirect optical bandgap energies (5.16 and 4.65) eV were obtained as the blend loaded with filler contained 20% Al and MWCNTs. Blend ed polymer with 20% Al and MWCNTs exhibited the highest refractive index value. The optical dielectric constant, optical conductivity, nonlinear optical parameters and fluorescence spectra were affected by the amount of Al and the existence of MWCNTs in the blends. The blend displayed a significant raise in ac conductivity when loaded with nanofiller included 20% Al and MWCNTs. The maximum energy density value can be obtained as the blend doped with filler contained only 20% Al. Every blend had one relaxation time, with the exception of the blend doped with ZnCo
1.8
Al
0.2
O
4
(containing MWCNTs), displayed two relaxation times. The dopant affects the capacitance of the different blends. PVA/PVP/PEG/ZnCo
2-x
Al
x
O
4
blends (with and without MWCNTs) have been considered promising nanocomposites for flexible optoelectronic and energy storage applications.
In this study, the optical and electrical characteristics of a PVP/CMC blend have been improved by doping with hydrogen titanate nanotubes (HTNT) and tetramethylammonium iodide (TMAI) for adaptable ...eco-friendly applications. Undoped and doped PVP/CMC/HTNT/x wt% TMAI blends were formed using casting procedure, x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2. HRTEM micrographs of HTNT manifested a tubular structure. XRD measurements manifested a clear modification in the structure of the PVP/CMC blend owing to HTNT/TMAI doping. Diffuse reflectance and transmittance measurements revealed a big enhancement in absorption, in the range 250–400 nm, with a clear reduction in transmittance of PVP/CMC blend upon loading HTNT/TMAI, especially for x = 0.1. The direct and indirect bandgaps (4.86, 4.36 eV) for PVP/CMC were reduced attaining minimum values (2.87, 3.46) and 2.99 eV for x = 0.15 and 0.1 wt% TMAI, respectively. Also, the refractive index of the blend increased especially for the Vis/IR region (~ 1.35) getting a maximum value (2.85) for x = 0.1. The influence of HTNT/TMAI doping on the different optical parameters: absorption coefficient, optical density, dielectric constant, optical conductivity, optical surface resistance, thermal emissivity and nonlinear optical parameters has been explored. The fluorescence intensities and CIE chromaticity coordinates of doped blends are affected by the excitation wavelength and the kind of fillers. From dielectric measurements, blends doped with 0.15 and 0.2 wt% TMAI have a higher capacitive nature than the undoped blend. Except for the blend containing 0.1 wt% TMAI, which possesses the highest energy density, all doped blends were found to have the lowest energy density compared to the undoped blend. The AC conductivity reached its highest value as the amount of TMAI doping became 0.15 wt%.
PVC/FeCr
2
O
4
/
x
wt% tetrapropylammonium iodide (TPAI,
x
= 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20) polymers were prepared using casting and sol gel methods. Rietveld refinement was used to determine the structural and ...microstructural properties of FeCr
2
O
4
nanofiller. XRD, FTIR, and SEM techniques were applied to explore the effect of fillers on the structural features of PVC polymer. The effect of FeCr
2
O
4
and/or TPAI on the linear/nonlinear optical properties of PVC was explored. Absorbance was obviously enhanced, and transmittance reduced in the range 200–450 nm upon doping with TPAM. The refractive index and reflectance were increased by loading FeCr
2
O
4
. The direct (4.25 eV) and indirect (4.1 eV) bandgap values of the pure PVC were reduced to 4.21 and 3.95 eV upon loading with FeCr
2
O
4
; both reduced further, but irregularly, as the amount of TPAI increased attaining lowest values 3.11 and 2.62 eV for TPAI content 2.5 wt%. The optical conductivity and the dielectric constant were greatly enhanced by TPAI doping, while the nonlinear optical parameters were improved by FeCr
2
O
4
loading. Under different excitation wavelengths, the fluorescence intensity was quenched upon loading FeCr
2
O
4
, then reduced a little by adding TPAI; the corresponding CIE chromaticity diagrams were obtained.
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