Pyridoxamine, pyridoxine, and pyridoxal phosphate were tested to examine if they have antioxidant properties. Endothelial cells exposed to 0.5 mM H2O2 for 2 hours increased the superoxide anion and ...lipid peroxide levels as biomarkers of oxidative stress. The increase of superoxide was mainly due to the activation of NADPH-oxidase by H2O2. Preincubation of the endothelial cells with 0.1 or 1.0 mM of pyridoxamine or pyridoxal phosphate for one-half hour before H2O2 exposure significantly reduced the superoxide and lipid peroxide compared to the cells exposed to H2O2 only. Preincubation of the cells with 0.1 or 1.0 mM of pyridoxine also significantly reduced the lipid peroxide but did not significantly affect the superoxide level unless the preincubation time was extended to 24 hours. The prostacyclin release by endothelial cells was also significantly inhibited by H2O2. However, the preincubation of endothelial cells with 1.0 mM of pyridoxamine, pyridoxine, or pyridoxal phosphate did not prevent that inhibition. These results indicate that pyridoxamine, pyridoxine, and pyridoxal phosphate acted as antioxidants and reduced the superoxide and lipid peroxides induced by H2O2, but did not protect the cells from the effects directly related to H2O2 itself.
Summary
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of roasting and boiling on compositional and oil stability of safflower seeds. The moisture, carbohydrate and fibre contents decreased ...because of roasting and boiling treatments while fat and protein contents increased. The fatty acid compositions of treated samples changed slightly compared with control. The total amount of amino acids in control sample was 151.29, and this amount increased to 158.8 and 186.9 mg g−1 N by roasting and boiling, respectively. The peroxide value of the oil increased because of roasting and boiling, and it reaches above the accepted value to consumer. Concentrations of major elements such as Na, K and Cu in raw safflower seeds were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than roasted and boiled seeds. The effects of roasting and boiling with regard to loss and retention of the nutrients differed significantly (P > 0.05), with only the roasting retaining more of the nutrients than boiling. The peak intensities of control oil using FTIR spectroscopy were changed in comparison with treated oils.
Background and objective: The importance of new sources of oils has recently emerged, one such source being Moringa. There is an urgent need to choose the most appropriate extraction method regarding ...its impact on the properties and stability of the extracted oil.The objective of this research work is to study the impact of two extraction methods on the chemical and thermal properties as well as the antimicrobial activity of Moringa peregrina seed oil.Methods: Moringa peregrina seeds were collected from their original growing locations in Sudan. Cold pressing (CP) and maceration inn-hexane (MH) was used to extract the oil, and their yields were found to be 9.12% and 21.87%, respectively. Chemical properties of the oil were studied and in each case triplicate analyses were completed. The mean and the standard deviation were then determined (mean±SD).Results: Besides the peroxide value, the chemical properties of the oil extracted by the two methods remained relatively unchanged. Additionally, the results revealed a higher activity of the cold pressed oil against all tested organisms (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans) compared to the one obtained by maceration method. Furthermore, the thermogravimetric analysis and derivative thermogravimetric analysis (TGA and DTGA) demonstrated significant variations in the onset of degradation between the oil samples extracted by the two methods: 200◦C (cold pressing) against 274◦C (maceration). The maximum mass loss for the oil extracted by the two methods does not differ significantly, and the final degradation temperature was similar. Conclusion: The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) thermograms for the oil extracted by the two methods showed somewhat similar characteristics regarding the heating curves, while the cooling curves differed considerably. Keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Cold press; Maceration; Moringa peregrina; Thermal properties.
Partially hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSBO) and natural soybean oil (SBO) were obtained from a commercial source and their fatty acids were fractionated into saturates, monoenes and diene fractions. ...The present study compared the effect of the total, monoene and diene fatty acid fractions of PHSBO with those of the SBO on the fatty acid composition of the cell phospholipids (PL) and the prostacyclin (PGI
2) release by endothelial cells (EC) in culture. Results showed that arachidonic acid (AA) level decreased significantly and linoleic acid (LA) significantly increased in the cells incubated with the diene fraction or the monoene fraction of PHSBO plus 18:2 at 3:1 ratio compared to the cell incubated with those fractions of SBO. These changes were attributed to the inhibition of LA conversion to AA by
trans 18:1 and 18:2 isomers present in the monoene or diene fractions of PHSBO leading to a significant decrease of PGI
2 released by the cells incubated with monoene or diene fractions of PHSBO. The cells incubated with the monoene of PHSBO or SBO plus 18:2 at a 1:1 ratio showed no inhibition of LA conversion to AA and the level of AA was almost equal in their PL, but the PGI
2 released by the cells incubated with the monoene of PHSBO was significantly less than the cells incubated with the monoene of SBO. This decrease was not related to the inhibition of PGI
2 synthesizing enzymes or phospholipase (PLA
2) activities. Our data show that trans acids in PHSBO inhibited the PGI
2 release by the cells through controlling the level of AA as substrate, either by (a) inhibiting the conversion of LA to AA or (b) by shunting the free AA released by the PLA
2 action to metabolism by another pathway leaving less AA available for PGI
2 synthesis.
In this study we examined the antioxidant effect of curcumin on lipid oxidation in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, curcumin at 5 microgM concentration completely prevented low-density lipoprotein (LDL) ...oxidation by CuS0(4), indicating that curcumin is an effective antioxidant in vitro. In vivo, feeding a pure cholesterol (PC)-rich diet to rabbits significantly increased the plasma and liver lipids as well as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels. Addition of curcumin to the PC diet did not show any effect on either plasma lipid and TBARS or liver lipids. Liver TBARS tended to decrease but that decrease was not significant. Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was significantly decreased while catalase activity was significantly increased in rabbits fed a PC diet. The addition of curcumin to a PC diet did not show any significant effect on erythrocyte enzyme activities compared to the rabbits fed a PC diet. The liver GSH-Px and catalase activities were significantly decreased in rabbits fed a PC diet, but the addition of curcumin to the PC diet enhanced the liver GSH-Px activity, which became nonsignificantly different from the control group. These results were discussed considering that curcumin may not be well absorbed and it did not reach a level high enough in vivo to overcome the severe hypercholesterolemia and oxidative stress produced by the PC-rich diet.
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was isolated from human plasma and oxidized by 5
μM copper sulfate for 4
h at 37
°C in the absence and presence of 1, 3, 5, 10, or 20
μM of curcumin. LDL oxidized in the ...absence of curcumin (oxLDL) showed an increased levels of conjugated dienes, lipid peroxides (TBARS) and lysolecithin (lysoPC) and a significant loss of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). LDL oxidized with 5
μM copper sulfate in the presence of curcumin caused a significant decrease of conjugated diene, lipid peroxides, lysoPC and significant increase of PUFA compared to oxLDL. These changes were dose dependent and reached a maximum at 5
μM curcumin. Incubation of human endothelial cells (EC) with 200
μg protein/ml of oxLDL caused a significant decrease of prostacyclin (PGI
2) generation. LDL oxidized in presence of 5
μM curcumin did not show any inhibition of PGI
2 generation compared to the control cells. These results indicate that curcumin is an effective chain-breaking antioxidant which prevents oxidation and lipid modification of LDL. The inhibition of oxLDL on PGI
2 is considered a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of thrombosis and atherosclerosis. Curcumin supplementation could be an effective strategy in preventing LDL oxidation and its impact on atherosclerosis and lesion formation.
The study aimed to know the social responsibility and competitive advantage concept, and determine the impact of disclosure of social responsibility on the competitive advantage of industrial ...companies in Khartoum State-Sudan. The researchers reviewed previous studies to identify the study gap and formulate its hypotheses through the descriptive and analytical approach, the researchers used the questionnaire to collect data from the study sample. Accountants in industrial companies were targeted, 350 questionnaires were distributed and 319 were collected, of which 311 are valid for analysis. The statistical package of the social science (SPSS) was used to analyze the data, the simple linear regression was used to find out the Impact of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The study concluded that: The disclosure of social responsibility towards society impacts the competitive advantage by 96.3%, the disclosure of social responsibility towards the environment impacts the competitive advantage by 95.4%, The disclosure of social responsibility towards customers impacts the competitive advantage by 93.5%, and the disclosure of social responsibility towards staff impacts the competitive advantage by 91.2%.
Preterm birth (PTB) is the major health problem world-wide; there are few published studies on PTB and folic acid.
The study was conducted to assess the serum level of folic acid in PTB. A ...case-control study was conducted at Saad Abualila maternity hospital (Khartoum, Sudan) during the period of March through December 2015. Women who delivered live singleton babies were dived in two groups; the cases were women who had PTB "delivery before completed 37weeks but after 24 weeks of pregnancy" and the controls were women who delivered at term (37-42 weeks). Medical and obstetrics history was gathered using questionnaire. Serum folic acid was measured.
One hundred and twelve (56 in arm of the study) women were enrolled to the study. There was no significant difference between the cases and the controls in their age, parity, hemoglobin, body mass index, education and occupation. The median (interquartile) level of folic acid was significantly lower in the cases (PTB) than the level in the controls, 4.8(2.8-8.2) vs. 9.5(8.6-12.0) ng/ml. In binary regression, folic acid level was associated with lower risk of PTB (OR=0.64; 95%=0.53-0.77,
< 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between gestational age and folic acid level (
= 0.447,
<0.001).
Thus serum folic acid level was significantly lower in women with PTB. Folic acid level was associated with lower risk of PTB.
Our hypothesis that the trans fatty acids in hydrogenated fat inhibited the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipid of arterial cells was tested with five groups each with six ...pregnant porcine fed from d 35 of gestation and during lactation. The basal diet contained 2% corn oil (control). The other four diets included the control +10% butter or 10% hydrogenated fat plus two levels of Mg. Plasma, milk and aortic phospholipid fatty acids, phospholipid composition and calcium content of the aorta from the piglets were determined. At 48 ± 2 d of age, the aorta phospholipid of piglets from porcine fed hydrogenated fat contained a significantly higher concentration of linoleic acid, less arachidonic acid, and less long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) than did piglets from porcine fed either butterfat or the control diet. Mg had no effect. These changes in composition in piglets from porcine fed hydrogenated fat indicate that
trans fat inhibits the metabolic conversion of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid and to other n-6 PUFA. The aortic calcium content data showed a significant interaction of calcium concentration with age. We concluded: 1) that dietary trans fat perturbed essential fatty acid (EFA) metabolism which led to changes in the phospholipid fatty acid composition in the aorta, the target tissue of atherogenesis, 2) this inhibition of EFA to PUFA by the isomeric fatty acids in hydrogenated fat is a risk factor in the development of coronary heart disease.
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