•Assess the impact of uncertain input on the pareto optimal front of the EED problem.•To do so in an efficient manner by solving it with PDIPM.•Show how the best compromised solution possibly changes ...in presence of these uncertainties.
This paper presents a novel Primal–Dual Interior Point Method (PDIPM) based sensitivity approach for efficient assessment of the impact of uncertainties in Multi-objective Optimization (MO). This shall aid in robust decision making. The MO problem considered, in this paper, is the Environmental–Economic dispatch (EED) problem. The two objectives, i.e. the emission and economic cost, are continuous convex functions. The uncertainties in the system parameters such as loads (or injections) and limits on line flows and voltage magnitudes, are assumed to be of fuzzy type, more specifically in an interval. Results for the IEEE 30 bus system have been obtained using the proposed approach and compared with those obtained by Monte Carlo Simulations (MCS) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based on Harmony Search (HSPSO). The results obtained provide interesting insights on how uncertainties in input data can affect decision making in MO.
This paper presents a comprehensive review of Automatic Facial Recognition Systems using integrative and systematic mapping approach. The review is grounded on criteria-attribute scheme formulated in ...proposed Face Recognition framework. The proposed framework provides a unified platform to identify, categorize and understand wholesome Face Recognition taxonomy based on different criteria (Modality, Dimensionality and Feature Quality) and their corresponding attributes (Unimodal-Multimodal, 2D-3D and Physiological-Behavioral). The framework facilitates a user to understand and select attributes across different criteria. The user selection of criteria-attribute is assisted through several selection parameters (Dataset Availability, Application, User Preference, System Complexity and Time Complexity). Depending on the user selection, a criteria-attribute scheme based model is formulated for Face Recognition. This paper also provides critical mathematical insights to understand each attribute extensively. Existing works are analyzed and compared comprehensively and quantitatively based on popular datasets and proposed criteria-attribute framework.
Abnormal primary hemostasis is believed to be the most significant contributor to uremic bleeding. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and profile of primary and secondary hemostatic ...disorders in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) Stages 4 and 5 and to determine their association if any, with degree of uremia. Stages 4 and 5 predialysis CKD patients attending nephrology outpatient clinic were prospectively recruited and the following bleeding parameters were measured in all patients: platelet count, bleeding time (BT), Factor VIII assay, von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag), vWF:ristocetin cofactor activity (vWF:RCo), ratio of vWF:ristocetin cofactor activity to vWF antigen (vWF:RCo/vWF:Ag), prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Forty-five patients (80%, males) with a mean age of 39.4 years, 82% (n = 37) in Stage 5 CKD, were recruited for the study. The prevalence of thrombocytopenia was significantly higher among patients from West Bengal (15/26, 57.7%) compared to other study patients (2/19, 10.5%; P = 0.001); however, all had macrothrombocytes with normal BT, suggestive of the Harris syndrome. Factor VIII, vWF:Ag, vWF:RCo, vWF:RCo/vWF:Ag ratio, BT, PT, and aPTT were abnormal in 0 (0%), 0 (0%), 0 (0%), 4 (8.8%), 1 (2.2%), 7 (15.6%), and 5 (11.1%) patients, respectively. Except for thrombocytopenia, the prevalence of hemostatic abnormalities did not differ between CKD Stages 4 and 5. Hemostatic abnormalities are uncommon in Stages 4-5 CKD and except for thrombocytopenia, are not associated with degree of uremia. Constitutional macrothrombocytopenia is associated with normal BT even in CKD.
Information is regarded as a resource with the highest organizational value. Every organization needs a secured way to transmit information over the network. When the network grows, the security ...becomes a major concern. As a result, a traffic monitoring frame work is required to understand the security risks, to handle the security breaches, to design the security policy, and to provide an effective business continuity plan in case of cyber disasters. In this paper, an Internet traffic monitoring framework has been proposed which handles incidents in a better way and consists of three interdependent layers. Layer 1 comprises the stakeholders involved in implementing the framework. Layer 2 is the core layer which provides the mechanism for its implementation, and Layer 3 shows the outcomes of the Internet Traffic Monitoring Framework. The proposed framework has been designed to ease the work of the Internet Service Provider and to provide a reliable and systematic way of incident handling by monitoring the Internet traffic to combat cyber crimes, cyber terrorism, and cyber disasters in the Republic of Mauritius. This framework also provides a foundation for the overall security management at Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT), Mauritius.
Double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) was historically used for blood group incompatible renal transplantation. Very few studies are available worldwide regarding its efficiency in removing ...specific plasma components, and safety. We conducted a prospective observational cohort study over 1 year on patients undergoing DFPP for various renal indications. There were 15 patients with 39 sessions. The pre- and post-procedure plasma samples of serum IgG, IgA, IgM, fibrinogen, calcium, phosphate, potassium, and magnesium were analyzed. The effluent albumin concentration was also measured, and complications during the hospital stay were recorded. Cumulative removal of serum IgG, IgA, IgM, fibrinogen, and albumin at the end of four sessions were 72%, 89%, 96%, 88.5%, and 21.3%, respectively and effluent albumin concentration was 1.75 - 2.0 times (range: 6.3 g/dl - 7.2 g/dl; mean ± standard deviation (SD) - 7 g/dl ± 0.3 g/dl) the preprocedural serum albumin (mean ± SD - 3.5 g/dl ± 0.5 g/dl). Removal of other plasma components were not statistically significant. Hypotensive episodes were observed only 16.6%, with the usage of effluent concentration albumin as replacement fluid despite an average 2.4 (mean ± SD - 2.4 ± 0.4 l) liters of plasma volume processing each session. DFPP removes IgG, IgA, IgM, fibrinogen, and albumin. The cumulative removal IgG (72%) is suboptimal, whereas IgA (89%) and IgM (96%) are comparable to historical controls. We observed lesser episodes (12.5%) of hypotension with effluent albumin concentration as replacement fluid, and all bleeding complications were observed when serum fibrinogen level was <50 mg/dl.
Warfarin-dosing algorithms combine clinical factors and dosing history with the current international normalized ratio (INR) to estimate the therapeutic warfarin dose. Unfortunately, these approaches ...can result in an overdose if the INR is spuriously low. Our goal was to develop an alert mechanism based on prior INRs in addition to the current INR. Using data from the Genetics InFormatics Trial (GIFT) of Warfarin to Prevent DVT, we analyzed warfarin dose estimates for days 3 through 11 that were ≥10 % higher than an average of the previous two dose estimates. We fit a stepwise mixed model to current and prior dose estimates, and subsequently compared the root-mean-square-error (RMSE) in predicting the final therapeutic dose using the GIFT algorithm versus the mixed model. From 861 dosing records (obtain from 556 patients), 646 dosing records (75 %) were randomly selected for the derivation cohort and 215 dosing records (25 %) for the validation cohort. Using one prior dose estimate improved the accuracy of the warfarin dose estimate. Compared to a dose estimate based on current INR (GIFT algorithm), the mixed model reduced the RMSE in the derivation cohort by 0.0015 mg/day (RMSE 0.2079 vs. 0.2094; p = 0.039). In the validation cohort, the RMSE reduction was not significant. A mixed model of dose estimates based on the current and most recent INRs shows potential to improve the safety of warfarin dosing. Clinicians should be cautious about aggressively escalating the warfarin dose after an INR that is lower than expected.
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