37 children were treated for high imperforate anus during the years 1944-1965. Eighteen of these 37 participated in a follow-up examination at the age of 18-35 years. The examination consisted of an ...anorectal manometry, EMG of the external sphincter, a digital anal examination, and an interview. Special attention was paid to anal continence. Fourteen patients did not admit any major anal problems, and eight of them had a good continence. Anorectal manometry showed an absence of internal sphincter function in all patients. During voluntary squeeze the continent patients increased anal pressure significantly more than the incontinent ones, and they were also aware of significantly smaller distensions of the rectal ampulla. The present investigation shows the necessity of well-functioning striated sphincter muscles to achieve good continence, and therefore also the importance of careful dissection and identification of the striated sphincter muscles during the operation.
Gangliosides are characteristic glycolipid components of plasma cell membranes, especially enriched in the CNS and PNS. In some diseases involving the PNS, in particular motor neuropathies associated ...with conduction block, IgM autoantibodies against ganglioside GM1 have been implicated as a pathogenic factor. In order to study the GM1 distribution in peripheral nerves we have investigated its in situ localization using a new anti-GM1 monoclonal antibody, GM1:1. Immunization and production of the monoclonal antibody was made by common protocols and binding specificity was investigated by using structurally related glycolipids and modified GM1-molecules. The result showed that an alpha 2-3 bound sialic acid together with a terminal galactose moiety were essential for GM1:1 binding. In situ localization of GM1 in rat dorsal and ventral spinal roots was investigated by conventional immunomicroscopy. GM1 immunoreactivity was the same in both roots and appeared like a finely granular, in places confluent, material confined to Schmidt-Lanterman's incisures, to myelin sheath paranodal end segments and to some extent to the abaxonal Schwann cell cytoplasm; all of these structures are likely to be the target for GM1 antibodies in peripheral neuropathies. Nodal gaps and fibre contours showed a weak non-specific fluorescence. The localization of GM1 to the incisures of Schmidt-Lanterman and the paranodal end segments of the myelin sheaths might indicate a role of gangliosides as adhesion molecules.
Hyaluronan concentration in the iris tissue after iridectomy was studied in order to establish the influence of trauma on the production of hyaluronan in the anterior chamber of the eye and whether ...the iris participates in this process or not.
Hyaluronan was measured with a radiometric assay at different time points after surgery and identified with specific histochemical staining.
The concentration of hyaluronan in iris tissue peaked two days after surgery, reaching an average of 115.3 (S.E.M.:+/-12.2) microg/g. It then decreased slowly to almost normal values after 3 to 5 weeks. Histochemistry demonstrated the most intense hyaluronan staining in the iris stroma and in iridial processes around the iridectomy two days after the operation. Our findings indicate in situ synthesis of hyaluronan in the iris tissue.
A method to reduce an overparameterized ARX model obtained through least squares identification is presented. The method needs only data directly or easily obtained during a recursive identification ...of the large model, thus making it well suited to be used in adaptive control. The parameters of the reduced models can be viewed of as Markov estimates of the true parameters (assumed included in the selected structure), with the parameters of the large model interpreted as noisy measurements of these parameters. The method tries to find the smallest model with parameters within specified confidence intervals of the parameters of the large model. Two versions of the method are given. The first estimates the delay and the orders of both the transfer function polynomials. The second method needs significantly less computation, but does not estimate the delay, and will in general only estimate the order of one of the polynomials correctly, which is enough to eliminate the possibility for common factors.
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