ABSTRACT We present the discovery of a new dwarf galaxy, Hydra II, found serendipitously within the data from the ongoing Survey of the Magellanic Stellar History conducted with the Dark Energy ...Camera on the Blanco 4 m Telescope. The new satellite is compact ( 11 pc) and faint ( 0.3), but well within the realm of dwarf galaxies. The stellar distribution of Hydra II in the color-magnitude diagram is well-described by a metal-poor ( ) and old (13 Gyr) isochrone and shows a distinct blue horizontal branch, some possible red clump stars, and faint stars that are suggestive of blue stragglers. At a heliocentric distance of 134 10 kpc, Hydra II is located in a region of the Galactic halo that models have suggested may host material from the leading arm of the Magellanic Stream. A comparison with N-body simulations hints that the new dwarf galaxy could be or could have been a satellite of the Magellanic Clouds.
The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds are unique local laboratories for studying the formation and evolution of small galaxies in exquisite detail. The Survey of the MAgellanic Stellar History ...(SMASH) is an NOAO community Dark Energy Camera (DECam) survey of the Clouds mapping 480 deg2 (distributed over ∼2400 square degrees at ∼20% filling factor) to ∼24th mag in ugriz. The primary goals of SMASH are to identify low surface brightness stellar populations associated with the stellar halos and tidal debris of the Clouds, and to derive spatially resolved star formation histories. Here, we present a summary of the survey, its data reduction, and a description of the first public Data Release (DR1). The SMASH DECam data have been reduced with a combination of the NOAO Community Pipeline, the PHOTRED automated point-spread-function photometry pipeline, and custom calibration software. The astrometric precision is ∼15 mas and the accuracy is ∼2 mas with respect to the Gaia reference frame. The photometric precision is ∼0.5%-0.7% in griz and ∼1% in u with a calibration accuracy of ∼1.3% in all bands. The median 5 point source depths in ugriz are 23.9, 24.8, 24.5, 24.2, and 23.5 mag. The SMASH data have already been used to discover the Hydra II Milky Way satellite, the SMASH 1 old globular cluster likely associated with the LMC, and extended stellar populations around the LMC out to R ∼ 18.4 kpc. SMASH DR1 contains measurements of ∼100 million objects distributed in 61 fields. A prototype version of the NOAO Data Lab provides data access and exploration tools.
The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC) are unique local laboratories for studying the formation and evolution of small galaxies in exquisite detail. The Survey of the MAgellanic Stellar ...History (SMASH) is an NOAO community DECam survey of the Clouds mapping 480 square degrees (distributed over ~2400 square degrees at ~20% filling factor) to ~24th mag in ugriz with the goal of identifying broadly distributed, low surface brightness stellar populations associated with the stellar halos and tidal debris of the Clouds. SMASH will also derive spatially-resolved star formation histories covering all ages out to large radii from the MCs that will further complement our understanding of their formation. Here, we present a summary of the survey, its data reduction, and a description of the first public Data Release (DR1). The SMASH DECam data have been reduced with a combination of the NOAO Community Pipeline, PHOTRED, an automated PSF photometry pipeline based mainly on the DAOPHOT suite, and custom calibration software. The attained astrometric precision is ~15 mas and the accuracy is ~2 mas with respect to the Gaia DR1 astrometric reference frame. The photometric precision is ~0.5-0.7% in griz and ~1% in u with a calibration accuracy of ~1.3% in all bands. The median 5 sigma point source depths in ugriz bands are 23.9, 24.8, 24.5, 24.2, 23.5 mag. The SMASH data already have been used to discover the Hydra II Milky Way satellite, the SMASH 1 old globular cluster likely associated with the LMC, and very extended stellar populations around the LMC out to R~18.4 kpc. SMASH DR1 contains measurements of ~100 million objects distributed in 61 fields. A prototype version of the NOAO Data Lab provides data access, including a data discovery tool, SMASH database access, an image cutout service, and a Jupyter notebook server with example notebooks for exploratory analysis.
We present the discovery of a new dwarf galaxy, Hydra II, found serendipitously within the data from the ongoing Survey of the MAgellanic Stellar History (SMASH) conducted with the Dark Energy Camera ...on the Blanco 4m Telescope. The new satellite is compact (r_h = 68 +/- 11 pc) and faint (M_V = -4.8 +/- 0.3), but well within the realm of dwarf galaxies. The stellar distribution of HydraII in the color-magnitude diagram is well-described by a metal-poor (Fe/H = -2.2) and old (13 Gyr) isochrone and shows a distinct blue horizontal branch, some possible red clump stars, and faint stars that are suggestive of blue stragglers. At a heliocentric distance of 134 +/- 10 kpc, Hydra II is located in a region of the Galactic halo that models have suggested may host material from the leading arm of the Magellanic Stream. A comparison with N-body simulations hints that the new dwarf galaxy could be or could have been a satellite of the Magellanic Clouds.
The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds are unique local laboratories for studying the formation and evolution of small galaxies in exquisite detail. The Survey of the MAgellanic Stellar History ...(SMASH) is an NOAO community Dark Energy Camera (DECam) survey of the Clouds mapping 480 deg2 (distributed over similar to 2400 square degrees at similar to 20% filling factor) to similar to 24th. mag in ugriz. The primary goals of SMASH are to identify low surface brightness stellar populations associated with the stellar halos and tidal debris of the Clouds, and to derive spatially resolved star formation histories. Here, we present a summary of the survey, its data reduction, and a description of the first public Data Release (DR1). The SMASH DECam data have been reduced with a combination of the NOAO Community Pipeline, the PHOTRED automated point-spread-function photometry pipeline, and custom calibration software. The astrometric precision is similar to 15 mas and the accuracy is similar to 2 mas with respect to the Gaia reference frame. The photometric precision is similar to 0.5%-0.7% in griz and similar to 1% in u with a calibration accuracy of similar to 1.3% in all bands. The median 5s point source depths in ugriz are 23.9, 24.8, 24.5, 24.2, and 23.5 mag. The SMASH data have already been used to discover the Hydra II Milky Way satellite, the SMASH 1 old globular cluster likely associated with the LMC, and extended stellar populations around the LMC out to R. similar to. 18.4 kpc. SMASH DR1 contains measurements of similar to 100 million objects distributed in 61 fields. A prototype version of the NOAO Data Lab provides data access and exploration tools.
•The application of an offset-free model predictive controller (OF-MPC) for an energy efficient operation of the central chiller plant in a case study hotel on a tropical island.•OF-MPC outperforms ...the current control practice in terms of energy savings and thermal comfort despite the mismatch between the real system's dynamics and the controller's internal model and the incidence of stochastic unmeasured disturbances.•The energy saving potential of the OF-MPC is deteriorated under extreme weather conditions.
This paper presents the application of an offset-free model predictive controller (OF-MPC) for an energy efficient operation of the central chiller plant in a case study hotel on a tropical island. The OF-MPC performance is simulated under the mismatch between the real system's dynamics and the controller's internal model, the incidence of stochastic unmeasured disturbances, and different weather conditions and building occupancies over weekly periods throughout seven months. This controller is compared with two frequently used open-loop control methods (i.e., Baseline and Conventional). The simulations suggested that the proposed OF-MPC is able to track the set-point temperature of the worst-case reference room with lower thermal comfort violations than the Conventional. Furthermore, there is a significant energy savings potential for the OF-MPC compared to both strategies, which is deteriorated under extreme weather conditions. The promising OF-MPC ensures that the cooling capacity delivered by the central chiller plant can match the actual building cooling load, making the chilling system operate energy efficiently.
•Integration of building simulation tool with real data of a hotel.•A reference thermal zone is modeled using simulation data.•Models of the return water temperature of a central chiller plant are ...proposed.•Identified models for describing the cooling dynamics of a case study hotel.
Minimizing energy consumption of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in buildings has experienced an increasing attention recently. Mainly motivated by the exploitation of building automation systems (BAS), as well as simulation tools, innovative practices and methodologies have been introduced to reduce the costs of energy required for heating and air conditioning of buildings. Outstanding has been the establishment of model predictive control (MPC) as a control strategy for the optimal operation of HVAC systems. The basis for MPC is a dynamic model, which is objectively challenging and time-consuming to obtain. This paper presents two modeling approaches of the return water temperature of a central chiller plant based on data of the real operation of a building, weather disturbances, and the temperature of a reference thermal zone. It integrates building's real measurements with a room simulator model. In this work, an original method for accurately describing the cooling dynamics of a case study hotel on a tropical island is proposed.
Foundation: biomarkers of oxidative stress in Huntington's disease could predict the course of the disease and evaluate new treatments, but their nonspecific nature seems to prevent the ...identification of any useful marker. Clarifying similarities and differences of this phenomenon and its behavior with clinical characteristics may be essential.
Objective: compare biomarkers of oxidative stress between patients with Huntington's disease and other neurological disorders.
Methods: an analytical, retrospective and case-control study was carried out (Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 and ischemic stroke: acute and chronic stage). Demographic and clinical variables and markers of oxidative damage (malonildialdehyde, advanced protein oxidation products) and antioxidants (superoxide dismutase: catalase: glutathione peroxidase, plasma antioxidant capacity) were collected.
Results: there were significant differences in malonyldialdehyde in Huntington's disease compared to the control (p=0.02), but not with the rest of the groups. The enzyme superoxide dismutase in Huntington's disease was statistically lower compared to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, although for catalase it was higher in relation to the rest of the patients. FRAP in Huntington's disease was significantly lower versus amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and acute ischemic stroke. Advanced products of protein oxidation were directly correlated with the biological and onset ages of Huntington's disease. Motor activity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and neurological deficit in acute ischemic stroke were correlated with malonyldialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase, respectively.
Conclusions: huntington's disease seems to show specific characteristics in its antioxidant system. Protein oxidation could be related to the accumulation of mutated huntingtin over time.
Evaluation is a process that must be studied as a process and as a result. The objective of this study is to analyze the content of a group of Cuban and Latin American articles on evaluation in the ...educational process of preschool children from the V de Gowin methodology: why evaluate? What to evaluate? and how to do the evaluation? The evaluation is carried out to assess the contents of the dimensions of education and development (value function), develop a diagnosis based on the child's strengths and weaknesses (diagnostic function), and to conduct the educational process in in order to improve it and organize the stimulation of the child and the group (formative training function). What to evaluate? In preschool childhood, development and for development, learning and for learning, the result obtained in a task and the process to solve it are evaluated. As for how to evaluate? the educator must carry out the evaluation through the use of several evaluative methods, but at the same time, she must consider some requirements, such as the unity of the cognitive and the affective, the biological and the social, the teaching and development; as well as the principles of evaluation (systematicity with the other components of the process and objectivity). Know the ¿what for? ¿the what? and the ¿how of the evaluation? It is a significant step for the educator to carry out the evaluation of the integral development in the educational process of preschool childhood and guide the progress of the child in a specific way.
A avaliação é um processo que deve ser estudado como processo e como resultado. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o conteúdo de um conjunto de artigos cubanos e latino-americanos sobre avaliação no processo educativo de pré-escolares a partir da metodologia V de Gowin: por que avaliar? e como fazer a avaliação?: A avaliação é realizada para avaliar os conteúdos das dimensões educação e desenvolvimento (função valor), desenvolver um diagnóstico com base nos pontos fortes e fracos da criança (função diagnóstica) e conduzir o processo educacional para melhorá-lo e organizar a estimulação da criança e do grupo (função de treinamento formativo). O que avaliar?: Na infância pré-escolar, avalia-se o desenvolvimento e para o desenvolvimento, a aprendizagem e a aprendizagem, o resultado obtido em uma tarefa e o processo para resolvê-la. Quanto a como avaliar?, o educador deve realizar a avaliação por meio de vários métodos avaliativos, mas, ao mesmo tempo, deve considerar alguns requisitos, como a unidade do cognitivo e do afetivo, do biológico e do social. , o ensino e desenvolvimento; bem como os princípios de avaliação (sistematicidade com os demais componentes do processo e objetividade). Sabe para quê?, o quê? e como da avaliação? É um passo significativo para o educador realizar a avaliação do desenvolvimento integral no processo educativo da infância pré-escolar e orientar o progresso da criança de forma específica.
La evaluación es un proceso que debe ser estudiado como proceso y como resultado. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el contenido de un grupo de artículos cubanos y latinoamericanas sobre la evaluación en el proceso educativo de la infancia preescolar desde la metodología de V de Gowin: ¿para qué evaluar?, ¿qué evaluar? y ¿cómo hacerlo la evaluación?: La evaluación se realiza para valorar los contenidos de las dimensiones de educación y desarrollo (función valorativa), elaborar un diagnóstico basado en potencialidades y debilidades del niño (función diagnóstica), y para conducir el proceso educativo en aras de mejorarlo y organizar la estimulación del niño y el grupo (función formadora formativa). ¿Qué evaluar?: En la infancia preescolar se evalúa el desarrollo y para el desarrollo, el aprendizaje y para el aprendizaje, el resultado obtenido en una tarea y el proceso para solucionarla. En cuanto a ¿cómo evaluar?, la educadora debe realizar la evaluación mediante el uso de varios métodos evaluativos, pero a la vez, debe considerar algunos requerimientos, tales como la unidad de lo cognitivo y lo afectivo, lo biológico y lo social, la enseñanza y el desarrollo; así como los principios de la evaluación (sistematicidad con los demás componentes del proceso y objetividad). Conocer el ¿para qué?, el ¿qué? y el ¿cómo de la evaluación? es un paso significativo para que el educador realice la evaluación del desarrollo integral en el proceso educativo de la infancia preescolar y conduzca el progreso del niño de manera específica.
To investigate the predictive value of synovitis detected by Doppler US in relation to failed tapering of biologic therapy (BT) in RA patients in sustained clinical remission.
A total of 77 RA ...patients (52 women, 25 men) in sustained clinical remission, treated with a stable dosage of BT were prospectively recruited. BT was tapered according to an agreed strategy implemented in clinical practice (i.e. increasing the interval between doses for s.c. BT and reducing the dose for i.v. BT). BT tapering failure was assessed at 6 and 12 months. Doppler US investigation of 42 joints for the presence and grade (0-3) of B-mode synovial hypertrophy and synovial power Doppler signal (i.e. Doppler synovitis) was performed at baseline by a rheumatologist blinded to clinical and laboratory data. Hand and foot radiographs were obtained at baseline and at 12-month follow-up.
Of the 77 patients, 46 (59.7%) were on s.c. BT and 31 (40.3%) on i.v. BT. At 12 months, 35 patients (45.5%) presented BT tapering failure, 23 of them (29.9% of all patients) in the first 6 months of BT tapering. In logistic regression analysis, the baseline DAS28 and the global score of Doppler synovitis were identified as independent predictors of BT tapering failure at 12 and 6 months. The presence of Doppler synovitis was the strongest predictor for BT tapering failure. No patient showed radiographic progression.
Our results suggest that the presence of Doppler-detected synovitis may predict BT tapering failure in RA patients in sustained clinical remission.
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