The result of the multidisciplinary collaboration of researchers from different areas of knowledge to validate a solar radiation model is presented. The MAPsol is a 3D local-scale adaptive solar ...radiation model that allows us to estimate direct, diffuse, and reflected irradiance for clear sky conditions. The model includes the adaptation of the mesh to complex orography and albedo, and considers the shadows cast by the terrain and buildings. The surface mesh generation is based on surface refinement, smoothing and parameterization techniques and allows the generation of high-quality adapted meshes with a reasonable number of elements. Another key aspect of the paper is the generation of a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM). This high-resolution DEM is constructed from LiDAR data, and its resolution is two times more accurate than the publicly available DEMs. The validation process uses direct and global solar irradiance data obtained from pyranometers at the University of Salamanca located in an urban area affected by systematic shading from nearby buildings. This work provides an efficient protocol for studying solar resources, with particular emphasis on areas of complex orography and dense buildings where shadows can potentially make solar energy production facilities less efficient.
In this paper, the performances of two approaches for solar probabilistic are evaluated using a set of metrics previously tested by the meteorology verification community. A particular focus is put ...on several scores and the decomposition of a specific probabilistic metric: the continuous rank probability score (CRPS) as they give extensive information to compare the forecasting performance of both methodologies. The two solar probabilistic forecasting methodologies are used to produce intra-day solar forecasts with time horizons ranging from 1 h to 6 h. The first methodology is based on two steps. In the first step, we generated a point forecast for each horizon and in a second step, we use quantile regression methods to estimate the prediction intervals. The second methodology directly estimates the prediction intervals of the forecasted clear sky index distribution using past data as inputs. With this second methodology we also propose to add solar geometric angles as inputs. Overall, nine probabilistic forecasting performances are compared at six measurements stations with different climatic conditions. This paper shows a detailed picture of the overall performance of the models and consequently may help in selecting the best methodology.
This paper discusses the information literacy requirements of art and design students, and how traditional approaches to information literacy education are not always appropriate for these particular ...students. The paper argues that different, creative, and innovative approaches to information literacy training need to be developed with the specific learning styles of this group of students in mind and that using a radical information literacy approach, incorporating the specific nature of the art and design information landscape, enables this. Using the University of the Arts London (UAL) as a specific art and design higher education institution, the paper shares three separate case studies which demonstrate such approaches including the incorporation of drawing, object-based learning, and enquiry-based learning into information literacy.
A novel phenomenological epidemic model is proposed to characterize the state of infectious diseases and predict their behaviors. This model is given by a new stochastic partial differential equation ...that is derived from foundations of statistical physics. The analytical solution of this equation describes the spatio-temporal evolution of a Gaussian probability density function. Our proposal can be applied to several epidemic variables such as infected, deaths, or admitted-to-the-Intensive Care Unit (ICU). To measure model performance, we quantify the error of the model fit to real time-series datasets and generate forecasts for all the phases of the COVID-19, Ebola, and Zika epidemics. All parameters and model uncertainties are numerically quantified. The new model is compared with other phenomenological models such as Logistic Grow, Original, and Generalized Richards Growth models. When the models are used to describe epidemic trajectories that register infected individuals, this comparison shows that the median RMSE error and standard deviation of the residuals of the new model fit to the data are lower than the best of these growing models by, on average, 19.6% and 35.7%, respectively. Using three forecasting experiments for the COVID-19 outbreak, the median RMSE error and standard deviation of residuals are improved by the performance of our model, on average by 31.0% and 27.9%, respectively, concerning the best performance of the growth models.
En esta investigación se aporta el estudio en estado dinámico de un tren de destilación multicomponente del área de recuperación de solvente de una planta de polietileno lineal. Esto se realizó a ...través de una simulación dinámica en Aspen Plus® con la finalidad de predecir el comportamiento de las variables operacionales al momento de ocurrir una interrupción del flujo de alimentación al área de destilación para modelar una parada del área de reacción, para luego establecer procedimientos que compensen las desviaciones en las variables controladas. El modelo termodinámico que mejor reprodujo los datos fue SRK-BM. Los resultados mostraron una desestabilización de los controladores de nivel de las columnas A y B, así como también un desplazamiento del perfil de temperaturas de la columna A a valores mayores, 14 ºC aproximadamente. La columna C no presentó desviaciones de sus variables. Para estabilizar el sistema fue necesario realizar tres pasos que involucran el cambio a modo manual y del porcentaje de apertura de la válvula de los controladores de flujo de vapor a la columna A (50 %), de presión del separador D-101 (50 %) y el controlador de flujo de tope de la columna B (43 %).
La incidencia de neumonía aumenta con la edad y afecta la morbilidad y mortalidad en adultos mayores. Este artículo revisa conceptos actuali-zados sobre el manejo de la neumonía en adultos mayores, ...estratificación de riesgo, antibioticote-rapia y tratamiento adyuvante. Se enfatizan as-pectos de prevención y consideraciones en cuan-to al abordaje geriátrico.
La broncoconstricción inducida por el ejercicio se refiere al estrechamiento transitorio de esta asociado al ejercicio. Se presenta con síntomas comunes como tos, sibilancias, opresión torácica y ...disnea. Una espirometría inicial debería realizarse para evaluar si existe asma subyacente. En un gran número de atletas se obtienen resultadosnormales. En este caso, se deberían realizar pruebas adicionales como la prueba de hiperpnea eucapnica voluntaria (HEV) o la prueba de ejercicio en campo deportivo o laboratorio. Los beta 2 agonistas de acción corta son los agentes de primera línea para tratamiento farmacológico. Losantagonistas de receptores de leucotrienos o los corticoesteroides inhalados con o sin beta 2 agonistas de acción larga pueden ser usados en casos persistentes.
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