Biosurfactants are amphiphilic surface-active molecules of microbial origin principally produced by hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria; in addition to the bioremediation properties, they can also present ...antimicrobial activity. The present study highlights the chemical characterization and the antimicrobial activities of biosurfactants produced by deep-sea marine bacteria from the genera Halomonas, Bacillus, Streptomyces, and Pseudomonas. The biosurfactants were extracted and chemically characterized through Chromatography TLC, FT-IR, LC/ESI-MS/MS, and a metabolic analysis was done through molecular networking. Six biosurfactants were identified by dereplication tools from GNPS and some surfactin isoforms were identified by molecular networking. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC
) of biosurfactant from Halomonas sp. INV PRT125 (7.27 mg L
) and Halomonas sp. INV PRT124 (8.92 mg L
) were most effective against the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans ATCC 10231. For Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, the biosurfactant from Bacillus sp. INV FIR48 was the most effective with IC
values of 25.65 mg L
and 21.54 mg L
for C. albicans, without hemolytic effect (< 1%), and non-ecotoxic effect in brine shrimp larvae (Artemia franciscana), with values under 150 mg L
, being a biosurfactant promising for further study. The extreme environments as deep-sea can be an important source for the isolation of new biosurfactants-producing microorganisms with environmental and pharmaceutical use.
The diversity of deep-sea cultivable bacteria was studied in seven sediment samples of the Colombian Caribbean. Three hundred and fifty two marine bacteria were isolated according to its distinct ...morphological character on the solid media, then DNA sequences of the 16S rRNA were amplified to identify the isolated strains. The identified bacterial were arranged in three phylogenetic groups, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, with 34 different OTUs defined at ≥ 97% of similarity and 70 OTUs at ≥ 98.65%, being the 51% Firmicutes, 34% Proteobacteria and 15% Actinobacteria.
Bacillus
and
Fictibacillus
were the dominant genera in Firmicutes,
Halomonas
and
Pseudomonas
in Proteobacteria and
Streptomyces
and
Micromonospora
in Actinobacteria. In addition, the strains were tested for biosurfactants and lipolytic enzymes production, with 120 biosurfactant producing strains (mainly Firmicutes) and, 56 lipolytic enzymes producing strains (Proteobacteria). This report contributes to the understanding of the diversity of the marine deep-sea cultivable bacteria from the Colombian Caribbean, and their potential application as bioremediation agents.
There are few reports of polyhydroxyalkanoates production from marine microorganisms. This work aimed to explore the marine bacteria
Cobetia
sp. INV PRT122 and
Bacillus
sp. INV FIR18 isolated from ...the Colombian Caribbean Sea as polyhydroxyalkanoates producers. The polymers were extracted, and structural analyses were completed to confirm their nature. Growth, accumulation, and sugar consumption kinetic studies were then conducted using glucose as a carbon source at 2%, 4%, 8%, 12% (w/v). A high degree of purity could be seen in the spectroscopy analysis through its signals, and the results indicated that the isolated polysaccharides had the same chemical structure as that of polyhydroxybutyrate. The results of the growth of the microorganisms and production of polyhydroxyalkanoates confirm that an excess of carbon affects the polymer production. The highest production was obtained from
Bacillus
sp. INV FIR18 using glucose at 2%, 30 °C, 140 rpm, and 144 h.
El secuestro pulmonar es una enfermedad congénita infrecuente caracterizada por la presencia de una porción de parénquima pulmonar que recibe vascularización independiente de la circulación ...sistémica. Se presentan tres casos de secuestro pulmonar intralobares, de presentación tardía, uno de ellos asociado a una malformación adenomatosa quística y en los cuales el manejo se completó por videotoracoscopia: dos de ellos con lobectomía total y uno con lobectomía sublobar. Se trata de una enfermedad de presentación clínica variable y cuyo tratamiento es, en la mayoría de los casos, quirúrgico, requiriéndose usualmente resecciones lobares, las cuales pueden llevarse a cabo de manera eficaz y segura por videotoracoscopia.
are prolific producers of secondary metabolites from which many clinically useful compounds have been derived. They inhabit diverse habitats but have rarely been reported in vertebrates. Here, we aim ...to determine to what extent the ecological source (bat host species and cave sites) influence the genomic and biosynthetic diversity of
bacteria. We analysed draft genomes of 132
isolates sampled from 11 species of insectivorous bats from six cave sites in Arizona and New Mexico, USA. We delineated 55 species based on the genome-wide average nucleotide identity and core genome phylogenetic tree.
isolates that colonize the same bat species or inhabit the same site exhibit greater overall genomic similarity than they do with
from other bat species or sites. However, when considering biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) alone, BGC distribution is not structured by the ecological or geographical source of the
that carry them. Each genome carried between 19-65 BGCs (median=42.5) and varied even among members of the same
species. Nine major classes of BGCs were detected in ten of the 11 bat species and in all sites: terpene, non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, polyketide synthase, siderophore, RiPP-like, butyrolactone, lanthipeptide, ectoine, melanin. Finally,
genomes carry multiple hybrid BGCs consisting of signature domains from two to seven distinct BGC classes. Taken together, our results bring critical insights to understanding
-bat ecology and BGC diversity that may contribute to bat health and in augmenting current efforts in natural product discovery, especially from underexplored or overlooked environments.
In intercropping systems, shading is one of the main limiting factors for the development of plants in the understory, especially C
4
plants. However, successful pasture production in silvopastoral ...systems can be achieved through proper spatial arrangement. This study provides fundamental information that validates the macauba-grass consortium. For 20 months, during two dry seasons and two rainy seasons, microclimatic and physical variables in an
Acrocomia aculeata
–
Brachiaria decumbens
intercropping system were monitored. The spacings of the trees were 5 m × 4 m, 6 m × 4 m, 7 m × 4 m, and 8 m × 4 m and were compared to a traditional pasture. The aboveground biomass in the intercropping system was estimated as well as its ability to assimilate atmospheric CO
2
and store carbon. Macauba palm presence in the intercropping system had a regulatory effect on the microclimatic conditions of the understory, regardless of tree spacing and season. In spacing, wider, the intercropped forage biomass was satisfactory and similar to that in the monocrop pastures. The spacing 7 m × 4 m and 8 m × 4 m improved the understory microclimatic conditions, allowing efficient forage growth and thus offering livestock food and comfort. These values were equivalent to those of traditional silvopastoral systems that use woody plant species. The estimates of aboveground biomass, carbon stock, and CO
2
assimilation in the intercropping system with a spacing of 8 m × 4 m were 1.6 times greater than those of traditional pastures. Therefore, here, we show for the first time that
A. aculeata
–
B. decumbens
grass intercropping system is a viable alternative agroforestry practice for tropical regions, since sufficient amounts of fodder are provided alongside beneficial environmental services, such as the efficient sequestration and storage of atmospheric carbon.
Purpose of Review
Review building of programs to eliminate
Toxoplasma
infections.
Recent Findings
Morbidity and mortality from toxoplasmosis led to programs in USA, Panama, and Colombia to facilitate ...understanding, treatment, prevention, and regional resources, incorporating student work.
Summary
Studies foundational for building recent, regional approaches/programs are reviewed. Introduction provides an overview/review of programs in Panamá, the United States, and other countries. High prevalence/risk of exposure led to laws mandating testing in gestation, reporting, and development of broad-based teaching materials about
Toxoplasma.
These were tested for efficacy as learning tools for high-school students, pregnant women, medical students, physicians, scientists, public health officials and general public. Digitized, free, smart phone application effectively taught pregnant women about toxoplasmosis prevention. Perinatal infection care programs, identifying true regional risk factors, and point-of-care gestational screening facilitate prevention and care. When implemented fully across all demographics, such programs present opportunities to save lives, sight, and cognition with considerable spillover benefits for individuals and societies.
Purpose of Review
Review international efforts to build a global public health initiative focused on toxoplasmosis with spillover benefits to save lives, sight, cognition and motor function ...benefiting maternal and child health.
Recent Findings
Multiple countries’ efforts to eliminate toxoplasmosis demonstrate progress and context for this review and new work.
Summary
Problems with potential solutions proposed include accessibility of accurate, inexpensive diagnostic testing, pre-natal screening and facilitating tools, missed and delayed neonatal diagnosis, restricted access, high costs, delays in obtaining medicines emergently, delayed insurance pre-approvals and high medicare copays taking considerable physician time and effort, harmful shortcuts being taken in methods to prepare medicines in settings where access is restricted, reluctance to perform ventriculoperitoneal shunts promptly when needed without recognition of potential benefit, access to resources for care, especially for marginalized populations, and limited use of recent advances in management of neurologic and retinal disease which can lead to good outcomes.
En noviembre de 2020 se celebró el I Coloquio Internacional de Jóvenes Investigadores en Traducción e Interpretación UdeA-UPC, el cual tuvo como objetivo crear un espacio bilateral para la ...presentación de los mejores trabajos finales de los estudiantes del curso de Investigación del pregrado en Traducción de la UdeA y de los estudiantes que culminaban la línea de cursos de investigación de la carrera de Traducción e Interpretación Profesional de la UPC. Los seis capítulos del presente libro derivan de las presentaciones que se hicieron en el coloquio, las cuales fueron seleccionadas por un comité científico conformado por miembros de distintas afiliaciones.
PDF
