Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a primary bone marrow tumor that very rarely develops in extra‑osseous tissues, such as lung. The hallmark of ES tumors is a translocation between chromosomes 11 and 22, ...resulting in a fusion protein, commonly referred to as EWS‑FLI1. The epigenetic profile (histone acetylation and methylation enrichment of the promoter region) that may regulate the expression of the aberrant transcription factor EWS‑FLI1, remains poorly studied and understood. Knowledge of epigenetic patterns associated with covalent histone modification and expression of enzymes associated with this process, can contribute to the understanding of the molecular basis of the disease, as well as to the identification of possible molecular targets involved in expression of the EWS‑FLI1 gene, so that therapeutic strategies may be improved in the future. In the present study, the transcriptional activation and repression of the EWS‑FLI1 fusion gene in ES was accompanied by selective deposition of histone markers on its promoter. The EWS‑FLI1 fusion gene was evaluated in two patients with ES using conventional cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization and nested PCR assays, which revealed that the aberrant expression of the EWS‑FLI1 gene is accompanied by enrichment of H3K4Me3, H3K9ac and H3K27ac at the promoter region.
Este artículo presenta los aportes teóricos y metodológicos de una investigación desarrollada en el sur de Colombia --la zona andina nariñense--, en el marco de un proyecto de desarrollo social ...denominado: "Programa Suyusama". Esta investigación posibilitó la identificación y priorización de los retos tecnológicos de los planes de desarrollo de 25 comunidades municipales y orientó sus implementaciones. La investigación aporta un grupo de categorías, variables y procesos metodológicos para construir socialmente el futuro tecnológico, a través de la participación comunitaria. Esos aportes confrontan algunas limitaciones de lo que se ha denominado tecnología social y del construccionismo social de la tecnología. Además, sugiere una forma de concretar y operacionalizar lo que propone el concepto de adecuación socio-técnica. Palabras claves: tecnologías, desarrollo, construcción social, comunitario, participación, prospectiva, adecuación socio-técnica. This article presents the theoretical and methodological contributions of research developed in the south of Colombia --the Andean region of Nariño-- within the framework of a social development project entitled "Suyusama Program." This research made possible the identification and prioritizing of technological challenges in the development plans of 25 municipal communities and oriented their implementation. The research contributes a group of categories, variables, and methodological processes for the social construction of the technological future through community participation. These contributions face a number of limitations regarding what has been called social technology and regarding the social construction of technology. In addition, there emerges a way to make concrete and operative that proposed by the concept of social-technical appropriateness. Key words: technologies, development, social construction, community, participation, prospective, socio-technical appropriateness.
Magnetic form factors from odd-A spherical and deformed nuclei corresponding to elastic electron scattering are calculated in the plane-wave Born approximation. The nuclear structure of the target is ...described within a deformed self-consistent mean-field calculation with effective interactions of Skyrme type and pairing correlations in the BCS approximation. We focus our attention to stable nuclei where experimental information is available. It is shown that the deformed formalism improves the agreement with experiment in deformed nuclei, while reproducing equally well spherical nuclei by taking properly the spherical limit of the deformed model. Effects of the collective rotation and nucleon-nucleon correlations are also studied. These results demonstrate the ability of the method to address electron scattering from unstable nuclei to be measured in future experiments on electron-ion beam colliders.
The goal of this study was to investigate the distribution of serotypes and clonal composition of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates causing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Catalonia, before ...and after systematic introduction of PCV13. Pneumococcal strains isolated from normally sterile sites obtained from patients of all ages with IPD received between 2013 and 2019 from 25 health centers of Catalonia were included. Two study periods were defined: presystematic vaccination period (2013 and 2015) and systematic vaccination period (SVP) (2017 to 2019). A total of 2,303 isolates were analyzed. In the SVP, there was a significant decrease in the incidence of IPD cases in children 5 to 17 years old (relative risk RR 0.61; 95% confidence interval CI 0.38 to 0.99), while there was a significant increase in the incidence of IPD cases in 18- to 64-year-old adults (RR 1.33; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.52) and adults over 65 years old (RR 1.23; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.38). Serotype 8 was the major emerging serotype in all age groups except in 5- to 17-year-old children. In children younger than 5 years old, the main serotypes in SVP were 24F, 15A, and 3, while in adults older than 65 years they were serotypes 3, 8, and 12F. A significant decrease in the proportions of clonal complexes CC156, CC191, and ST306 and an increase in those of CC180, CC53, and CC404 were observed. A steady decrease in the incidence of IPD caused by PCV13 serotypes indicates the importance and impact of systematic vaccination. The increase of non-PCV13 serotypes highlights the need to expand serotype coverage in future vaccines and rethink vaccination programs for older adults.
We found that with the incorporation of the PCV13 vaccine, the numbers of IPD cases caused by serotypes included in this vaccine decreased in all of the age groups. Still, there was an unforeseen increase of the serotypes not included in this vaccine causing IPD, especially in the >65-year-old group. Moreover, a significant increase of serotype 3 included in the vaccine has been observed; this event has been reported by other researchers. These facts call for the incorporation of more serotypes in future vaccines and a more thorough surveillance of the dynamics of this microorganism.
Materials built from MO6 octahedra linked to XO4 tetrahedra are good candidates for studying the different factors that determine the electrode potential. Among them, olivine-like LiMPO4 (M = ...transition metal) phosphates are especially interesting. When pressure is applied to LiMPO4 (M = Ni and Fe), a phase transition is induced. However, instead of the well-known olivine ⇔ spinel transformation, a transition to a new phase is observed (β‘). The arrangements of the metal ions (including phosphorus) in the two structures are very similar; thus, the main difference between them is due to the oxygen arrangement in a similar matrix. Raman spectroscopy has confirmed the structural model proposed for the high-pressure phase, in particular the modification in the lithium coordination from 6- to 4-fold upon synthesis under pressure. Among the olivines LiMPO4 (M = Mn, Ni, and Fe), the iron-containing one is only active up to 5.1 V. On the other hand, none of the high-pressure materials is electrochemically active; this can be explained by the change in the electrostatic field at the transition metal position.
Binge-eating disorder, the most prevalent eating disorder, is a serious public health problem associated with obesity, psychiatric and medical comorbidities, and functional impairments. Binge-eating ...disorder remains underrecognized and infrequently treated, and few evidence-based treatments exist. The authors tested the effectiveness of naltrexone-bupropion and behavioral weight loss therapy (BWL), alone and combined, for binge-eating disorder comorbid with obesity.
In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial conducted from February 2017 to February 2021, using a 2×2 balanced factorial design, 136 patients with binge-eating disorder (81.6% women; mean age, 46.5 years; mean BMI, 37.1) were randomized to one of four 16-week treatments: placebo (N=34), naltrexone-bupropion (N=32), BWL+placebo (N=35), or BWL+naltrexone-bupropion (N=35). Overall, 81.7% of participants completed independent posttreatment assessments.
Intention-to-treat binge-eating remission rates were 17.7% in the placebo group, 31.3% in the naltrexone-bupropion group, 37.1% in the BWL+placebo group, and 57.1% in the BWL+naltrexone-bupropion group. Logistic regression of binge-eating remission revealed that BWL was significantly superior to no BWL, and that naltrexone-bupropion was significantly superior to placebo, but there was no significant interaction between BWL and medication. Mixed models of complementary measures of binge-eating frequency also indicated that BWL was significantly superior to no BWL. The rates of participants attaining 5% weight loss were 11.8% in the placebo group, 18.8% in the naltrexone-bupropion group, 31.4% in the BWL+placebo group, and 38.2% in the BWL+naltrexone-bupropion group. Logistic regression of 5% weight loss and mixed models of percent weight loss both revealed that BWL was significantly superior to no BWL. Mixed models revealed significantly greater improvements for BWL than no BWL on secondary measures (eating disorder psychopathology, depression, eating behaviors, and cholesterol and HbA
levels).
BWL and naltrexone-bupropion were associated with significant improvements in binge-eating disorder, with a consistent pattern of BWL being superior to no BWL.
The growth of PbS nanocrystals doped in situ simultaneously with Er3+-Cd2+-Bi3+ solutions at different proportions was examined with the aim of investigating the morphological, optical and structural ...changes of the nanocrystals obtained. A brief summary of the chemical equilibria plus the Gibbs free energy changes are presented. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra showed an absorption band located at ~ 3356cm−1 attributed to stretching of -OH groups and a sharp stretching band at ~ 1932cm−1 assigned to vibration mode of CO32− ions.This absorption bands are generally due to the decomposition of thiourea in alkaline medium. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns exhibited a cubic phase in all films and the grain size (GS) of the undoped samples was ~6.57nm, whereas for doped films was ~ 6.40–4.16nm. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) confirmed the structural characteristics of the nanocrystals. Absorbance spectra of PbS films exhibited five absorption bands located at ~ 346, ~ 585, ~ 615, ~ 670 and ~ 775nm due to strong confinement effect. This multiplex of bands presented in PbS is induced by the simultaneous incorporation of the ions. The shift of the band gap energy is associated with the decrease of crystalline size in PbS films. On the other hand, a small absorption band located at ~ 446nm, corresponding to 4F7/2 → 4I5/2 (4f → 4f transitions of Er3+ ions) was also observed. A small blue emission band centered at ~ 446nm was originated from the allowed 3P1 → 1S0 transition of Bi3+ ions. Band gap energy of nanocrystals showed a shift in the ~ 1.4–2.6eV range. The structural experimental results are associated with the optical changes confirming the gradual incorporation of the dopant ions in the crystallites network. Raman spectra showed two bands located at ~ 450cm−1 due to the first overtone of the LO phonon (2LO) and other band located at ~ 200cm−1 which has been attributed to the LO (Γ) phonon,confirming the existence of doped-PbS nanocrystals.
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