To accommodate the ever increasing wireless traffic in the access networks, considerable efforts have been recently invested in developing photonics-assisted wireless communication systems with very ...high data rates. Superior to photonic millimeter-wave systems, terahertz (THz) band (300 GHz-10 THz) provides a much larger bandwidth and thus promises an extremely high capacity. However, the capacity potential of THz wireless systems has by no means been achieved yet. Here, we successfully demonstrate 160 Gbit/s wireless transmission by using a single THz emitter and modulating 25 GHz spaced 8 channels (20 Gbps per channel) in the 300-500 GHz band, which is the highest bitrate in the frequency band above 300 GHz, to the best of our knowledge.
In order to evaluate an indoor airflow, which may cause the spread of viruses, it is effective to measure the speed and direction of the airflow using several accurately evaluated anemometers. ...However, since calibration of anemometers is a time-consuming task, so the authors developed a compact wind tunnel that can evaluate the accuracy of anemometers in a short amount of time. The design concept and performance of the wind tunnel are described by several indices, including averaging time, settling time, spatial distribution, and blockage effect. These results demonstrate the capability of the wind tunnel to evaluate several anemometers in a short measurement time with sufficiently high precision.
The champagne bottle neck sign represents a rapid reduction in the extracranial ICA diameters and is a characteristic feature of Moyamoya disease. However, the clinical significance of the champagne ...bottle neck sign is unclear. We investigated the relationship between the champagne bottle neck sign and the clinical and hemodynamic stages of Moyamoya disease.
We analyzed 14 patients with Moyamoya disease before revascularization (5 men, 9 women; age, 43.2 ± 19.3 years). The ratio of the extracranial ICA and common carotid artery diameters was determined using carotid ultrasonography or cerebral angiography; a ratio of < 0.5 was considered champagne bottle neck sign-positive. The clinical disease stage was determined using the Suzuki angiographic grading system. CBF and cerebral vasoreactivity also were measured.
The ICA/common carotid artery ratio (expressed as median interquartile range) decreased as the clinical stage advanced (stages I-II, 0.71 0.60-0.77; stages III-IV, 0.49 0.45-0.57; stages V-VI, 0.38 0.34-0.47;
< .001). Lower ICA/common carotid artery ratio tended to occur in symptomatic versus asymptomatic arteries (0.47 0.40-0.53 versus 0.57 0.40-0.66, respectively;
= .06). Although the ICA/common carotid artery ratio was not related to cerebral perfusion, it decreased as cerebral vasoreactivity decreased (
< .01). All champagne bottle neck sign-positive arteries were classified as Suzuki stage ≥III, 73% were symptomatic, and 89% exhibited reduced cerebral vasoreactivity. In contrast, all champagne bottle neck sign-negative arteries were Suzuki stage ≤III, 67% were asymptomatic, and all showed preserved cerebral vasoreactivity.
The champagne bottle neck sign was related to advanced clinical stage, clinical symptoms, and impaired cerebral vasoreactivity. Thus, detection of the champagne bottle neck sign might be useful in determining the clinical and hemodynamic stages of Moyamoya disease.
When an electronic system has strong correlations and a large spin-orbit interaction, it often exhibits a plethora of mutually competing quantum phases. How a particular quantum ground state is ...selected out of several possibilities is a very interesting question. However, equally fascinating is how such a quantum entangled state breaks up due to perturbation. This important question has relevance in very diverse fields of science from strongly correlated electron physics to quantum information. Here we report that a quantum entangled dimerized state or valence bond crystal (VBC) phase of Li2RuO3 shows nontrivial doping dependence as we perturb the Ru honeycomb lattice by replacing Ru with Li. Through extensive experimental studies, we demonstrate that the VBC phase melts into a valence bond liquid phase of the RVB (resonating valence bond) type. This system offers an interesting playground where one can test and refine our current understanding of the quantum competing phases in a single compound.
In this paper, ultradense wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) transmission technologies are discussed, and a field demonstration of over-1000-channel ultradense WDM transmission is reported. The ...generation of an ultradense WDM signal using a supercontinuum multicarrier source that generates more than 1000 carriers and uniform precise channel spacing of 6.25 GHz is presented. The influence of four-wave-mixing generated in the transmission fiber and the requirements placed on the WDM multiplexer and demultiplexer is described. An over-1000-channel ultradense WDM transmission experiment is reported. A 1046 /spl times/ 2.67-Gbit/s 6.25-GHz-spaced ultradense WDM signal is successfully transmitted over 126 km of field-installed fibers in the test bed of JGN II.
•The particle sedimentation characteristics have been investigated from the viewpoint of Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor safety concern.•The present experimental study possesses a prospective application ...to verify the safe stabilization of molten core material in a Core Disruptive Accident (CDA).•An empirical correlation was developed based which could be useful to identify the critical parameters that reasonably influence particle sedimentation behaviour in CDA.
Particle bed characteristics are experimentally investigated for the sedimentation and subsequent bed formation of solid particles, related to the coolability aspects in core–disruptive accidents. Presently a series of experiments with gravity driven discharge of solid particles into a quiescent water pool was performed to evaluate bed formation characteristic in the course of particle sedimentation. We evaluated the effects of the crucial factors: nozzle diameter, particle density, particle diameter and nozzle height on four key quantitative parameters of bed shape: mound dimple area, mound dimple volume, repose angle and mound height to illustrate the role of the crucial factors on forming the particle bed shape. The investigated crucial factors exhibit a significant role that diversifies the particle bed formation process. Based on the data obtained in the experimental observations, we developed an empirical correlation to compare the predicted results with the experimental bed heights. The proposed empirical correlation can reasonably demonstrate the general trend of the experimental bed height. This correlation could be useful to assess the particle bed elevation, and to identify the governing parameters.
The free-space antenna factor (AF) of a dipole antenna above 1 GHz using the three-antenna method (TAM) and associated uncertainty is presented. Theoretical site insertion loss containing antenna ...alignment and terminal impedances is newly given for the TAM and the uncertainty analysis. Higher order terms of Taylor series expansion are considered to include the effect of the alignment angle on uncertainty. Finally, the AFs are obtained with an expanded uncertainty of 0.4 dB ( k = 2) in the entire frequency range.
Bone marrow (BM) cells contribute to the maintenance and repair of several compartments of the kidney, including the endothelium, interstitium, epithelium, and the mesangium. The aim of this study ...was to explore the therapeutic use of bone marrow-derived cells (BMDC) that can differentiate into endothelial and mesangial cells in a model of progressive glomerulosclerosis. To investigate the involvement of BMDC in glomerular repair, progressive glomerulosclerosis was induced in enhanced green fluorescent protein BM chimeric rats by a one-shot injection of anti-Thy-1.1 monoclonal antibody, followed by unilateral nephrectomy. Subsequently, these rats were treated with either a BM cell infusion or phosphate-buffered saline. Renal function, intravital glomerular hemodynamics, and histological alterations were examined 12 weeks after anti-Thy-1.1 monoclonal antibody injection. Inflammatory infiltration of macrophages in the kidneys was evaluated by immunofluorescence of ED-1. We also determined whether BMDC contributed to repair and regeneration of endothelial and mesangial cells by immunofluorescence monitoring. As a result, BM cell infusion improved renal function and glomerular hemodynamics, and histological alterations with reduced glomerular infiltration of macrophages, leading to dramatically reduced mortality in this model of progressive glomerulosclerosis. We also demonstrated that, in the BM cell infusion group, more BMDC contributed to repair and regeneration of endothelial and mesangial cells than in the untreated group. The present study provides us with a conceptual basis for the development of therapeutic stem cell strategies aimed at enhancing recovery from progressive glomerulosclerosis.
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of recent surgical rib fixation and establish its indications not only for flail chest but also for multiple rib fractures.
Methods
Between ...2007 and 2015, 187 patients were diagnosed as having multiple rib fractures in our institution. After the propensity score matching was performed, ten patients who had performed surgical rib fixation and ten patients who had treated with non-operative management were included. Categorical variables were analyzed with Fischer’s exact test and non-parametric numerical data were compared using the Mann–Whitney
U
test. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed for comparison of pre- and postoperative variables. All statistical data are presented as median (25–75 % interquartile range IQR) or number.
Results
The surgically treated patients extubated significantly earlier than non-operative management patients (5.5 1–8 vs 9 7–12 days:
p
= 0.019). The duration of continuous intravenous narcotic agents infusion days (4.5 3–6 vs 12 9–14 days:
p
= 0.002) and the duration of intensive care unit stay (6.5 3–9 vs 12 8–14 days:
p
= 0.008) were also significantly shorter in surgically treated patients. Under the same ventilating conditions, the postoperative values of tidal volume and respiratory rate improved significantly compared to those values measured just before the surgery. The incidence of pneumonia as a complication was significantly higher in non-operative management group (
p
= 0.05).
Conclusions
From the viewpoints of early respiratory stabilization and intensive care unit disposition without any complications, surgical rib fixation is a sufficiently acceptable procedure not only for flail chest but also for repair of severe multiple rib fractures.
PDF
