Introduction: Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMDs) are considered multifactorial, and several treatment approaches have been proposed for their effective management. The use of non invasive ...treatment modalities is recommended, which includes Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation (TENS), Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), acupuncture, ultrasound, and manual therapies. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of TENS, LLLT, and ultrasound therapy in patients suffering from TMDs. Materials and Methods: This prospective, randomised clinical trial was conducted on thirty patients (11 males, 19 females) clinically diagnosed with TMD associated with Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) pain, clicking joint sound, pain in the muscles of mastication, and limited mouth opening. Patients were sequentially randomised into three groups to be treated with TENS, laser beam, and ultrasound therapies, respectively. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score and painfree mouth opening were recorded before, during, and after treatment. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS) version 16.0 statistical software. Statistical tests such as the paired sample t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and post-hoc Tukey test were performed. Results: There was a significant reduction in the VAS score in the TENS group (3.15), LLLT group (5.75), and ultrasound group (5.50) post-treatment (p<0.001). In addition, improvements in Mean Mouth Opening (MMO) levels were observed with TENS (7.80 mm), LLLT (9.09 mm), and ultrasound therapy (7.15 mm). These differences were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). The laser and ultrasound groups fared better than the TENS group in the reduction of VAS scores (p<0.05), and there was no significant difference in MMO among the three therapies. Conclusion: Reductions in VAS scores and improvements in mouth opening were noticed in all three groups post-treatment. The laser and ultrasound therapies were more effective in reducing pain compared to TENS therapy. Comparing pretreatment and mid-treatment values, laser beam therapy proved to be more effective in reducing pain scores compared to TENS and ultrasound therapy.
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BSTRACT
Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) fall between the sixth and eighth most common cancers. The prevention of cancer and the treatment of the disease depends on early diagnosis. To ...encourage dental professionals to use light-based detection techniques in clinical practice, this systematic review aims to evaluate the literature on the effectiveness of chemiluminescence and autofluorescent imaging equipment in the detection of OSCC and OPMDs. PUBMED MEDLINE and SCIENCE DIRECT were the electronic databases and retrieval systems used to look for pertinent articles. Search terms like“oral cancer,”“early diagnosis,”“potentially malignant disorders,“chemiluminescence,” autofluorescence,” and “VELscope” were used to search the database of indexed journals. 26 articles in total have been chosen for this review. The majority of the research was cross-sectional. Chemiluminescence and Autofluorescence can help a skilled doctor spot oral premalignant lesions with the autofluorescence technique being superior and the way for biopsies within the altered mucosa.
Introduction: Among various methods of dental age (DA) estimation, Demirjian method and Nolla’s method are commonly used. One of the methods of determining cervical vertebral morphology was given by ...Hassel and Farman. Indian age-specific modified Demirjian method by Acharya has not been utilized in the Hyderabad population, and the age derivation information is sparse. Objectives: To correlate the DA using modified Demirjian’s method and Nolla’s method using orthopantomograph with skeletal maturation by cervical vertebral maturation index (CVMI) method using lateral cephalogram. They were compared and correlated for assessing chronological age (CA) and determining the accuracy. Materials and Methods: Among 200 boys and girls (100 each) between 6 and 21 years, the DA was evaluated using orthopantomogram by Ashith Acharya’s modified Demirjian method and also by Nolla’s method. The skeletal maturation was assessed by CVMI method given by Hassel and Farman using lateral cephalogram. These were compared and correlated with CA. The data derived were statistically analyzed using SPSS software 20.0 version. Results: The maximum underestimation of age was found within the age group of 19–19.9 years using Ashith Acharya’s modified Demirjian method and 18-18.9 years using Nolla’s method with median values of −5.05 and −5.03, respectively. Statistically significant difference was found between CAs and cervical vertebral maturation stages in both genders (P = 0.000). The study showed that girls had a late dental development compared to corresponding cervical maturation. Conclusions: The methods of age estimation were not reliable in predicting the accurate age in the Indian population.
Newer drug delivery systems such as transdermal patches using pain relieving or modifying agents emerged as a mainstream treatment protocol for management of pain on the outpatient basis. The ...administration of diclofenac 100 mg in the transdermal patch in the patients having dental pain due to periapical/periodontal infections was evaluated.
Ninety patients of either gender, between 18 and 80 years were divided into 3 groups (Group A - oral medication, Group B - transdermal patch, Group C - intramuscular group). Patients at the Dental Department with pain from periapical/periodontal pathologies were explained about the procedure of analgesia. With written consent, 100 mg diclofenac sodium transdermal patches were prescribed to patients who opted their use in pain control for 2 consecutive days. A visual analog scale was provided for all patients assessing the pain intensity during the study.
Significant difference in the mean percentage reduction in visual analog scale (VAS) score among the three groups at day 1 and 2 (
< 0.001).
test showed that intramuscular (IM) and oral groups had significantly higher mean VAS score than patch group.
Diclofenac administered through oral and IM routes showed significant improvement in pain relief when compared to the transdermal route. However, diclofenac transdermal patches have shown significant improvement in VAS score between the baseline and consecutive days and can be used in mild pain with lower adverse events.
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