Germinoma of basal ganglia Tuan, Ho Xuan; Huyen, Nguyen-Thi; Son, Nguyen Duc ...
Radiology case reports,
20/May , Volume:
19, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Basal ganglia germinomas (BGGs) are rare lesions. Because of the atypical features of early-stage clinical symptoms and imaging characteristics, BGGs are easily misdiagnosed with non-tumorous ...conditions. This article presented cases of 2 young male patients who came to the hospital due to right arm weakness. Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images in the first case revealed a lobulated mixed component mass on the left basal ganglia. The solid part showed restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted imaging, heterogeneous strong enhancement, and no signal of calcification or bleeding. The second case in the left putamen showed hypointensity on T2*, mild enhancement, and atrophy of the ipsilateral cerebral peduncle, increased choline, and decreased n-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) on spectroscopy. Follow-up MRI after 6 months showed a mass increase in size and hypointensity part on T2*. BGGs have been confirmed on biopsy in both cases. With isolated chemotherapy application, there is no sign of remission in the first patient. The second patient was treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and MRI images after treatment showed a complete response.
•The recycling processes of CRT TVs/monitors in Southeast Asia are studied.•Process flows at formal and informal recycling sites were compared.•Destinations of materials from formal and informal ...recycling sites were compared.•More appropriate recycling infrastructure is needed in Southeast Asia.•Better recycling solutions for waste CRT glass are needed in Southeast Asia.
The amount of electronic waste (e-waste) is rapidly increasing due to economic growth and the advancement of information technology. End-of-life (EOL) cathode ray tube (CRT) TVs and computer monitors make up the greatest proportion of the total mass of e-waste. Because of international trade in secondhand CRT TVs and monitors and the toxic substances contained in them, the EOL fate of CRTs is an emerging concern in developing countries. In this study, the recycling and treatment techniques of EOL CRT TVs/monitors were investigated in three Southeast Asian countries (Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam). The current recycling methods of CRT TVs/monitors in Japan and China were also reviewed for comparison. The process flows and destinations of materials or parts at both formal and informal recycling sites were compared. Among the three countries, only one formal facility in the Philippines has automated processing equipment for CRTs. CRT glass handled by informal sectors was illegally dumped or disposed of with regular municipal solid waste. Some waste CRT glass was also informally recycled as glass materials or exported to China. A number of recommendations are made to improve recycling conditions at both formal and informal recycling sites.
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•Employment of inedible lignocelluloses as feedstock for biodiesel production.•Steam explosion devoid of ant catalyst for Lignocelluloses pretreatment.•Meyerozyma guilliermondii ...attained higher lipid content using bagasse hydrolysate.•Greater cetane value (81.31) of the FAME explicit the supreme biodiesel quality.•Biodiesel produced fit the ASTM standard values.
An effort in contributing to the reduction of fossil resource dependence along with utilization of lignocellulosic wastes, will be a beneficial approach in biofuel production. These approaches will aid in sustainable waste management and will contribute to economic feasibility. This study probed the exploitation of abundant, non-edible lignocellulosic wastes such as sugarcane bagasse and rice husk as a low-cost carbon source for the cultivation of oleaginous yeast isolates and lipid accumulation, respectively. The hydrolysis of the lignocellulose was explored by steam explosion alone to reduce the inflation of toxic compounds like hydroxy methyl furfural (HMF), furfural, and acetic acid. This optimization study investigated the effects of carbon sources (sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate, rice husk hydrolysate, and commercial glucose), nitrogen sources, and pH on biodiesel production using central composite design (CCD), and achieved a full factorial design. All the three variables were found to have a positive influence on biodiesel production. Greater biomass production was achieved by SY2 (Pichia kudriavzevii) with a value of −8.37 ± 0.067 g/L when sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate was used. Maximum lipid content of 37.99 ± 0.003% was attained by the strain G5 (Meyerozyma guilliermondii) upon using sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate in the production medium and higher lipid accumulation of 2.39 ± 0.003 g/L was attained by SY2 (Pichia kudriavzevii) upon using rice husk hydrolysate. Analysis of the kinematic properties of FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) was obtained using Biodiesel analyzer V1.1. software, and affirmed the values similar to the biodiesel standard values (EN 14214, ASTM, IS 15607). The kinematic studies used to figure out the quality of the biodiesel, revealed that FAME produced by SY2 (Pichia kudriavzevii) strain showed greater oxidation stability (37.17 h) and better kinematic viscosity (1.3084). These properties ensured that SY2 (Pichia kudriavzevii) strain was appropriate in producing exceptional quality biodiesel. Hence, the present investigation tried to prove the competency of the yeast isolates in sustainable biodiesel production by engaging agronomic wastes.
A semi-analytical approach to eccentrically stiffened functionally graded truncated conical shells surrounded by an elastic medium in thermal environments is presented. Based on the classical thin ...shell theory with geometrical nonlinearity in von Karman Donnell sense, the smeared stiffeners technique and the Galerkin method, this paper deals with vibration and nonlinear dynamic problems. The truncated conical shells are reinforced by ring stiffeners made of full metal or full ceramic depending on the situation of the stiffeners at the metal-rich or ceramic-rich side of the shell, respectively. In addition, the study not only assume that the material properties depend on environment temperature variation, but also consider the thermal stresses in the stiffeners. Numerical results are given to evaluate effects of inhomogeneous, dimensional parameters, outside stiffeners, temperatures and elastic foundations on the vibration and nonlinear dynamic response of the structures.
Research on synthesizing micro- and nanosized materials directly from metals has attracted considerable attention because of its simplicity, ability to synthesize in large quantities, and high ...uniformity. This study proposes a simple method to synthesize high-uniformity or high-density V2O5 microurchins and nanowalls directly from vanadium powder. Remarkably, the synthesis condition of 60 °C for 1 h is considered to be an optimal condition to convert metals into micro- or nano-oxides. The as-synthesized V2O5 nanowalls can adsorb nearly 90% of methylene blue in the dark in 3 min. The adsorption selectivity of these samples with several pigments is investigated.
Over the recent years, blockchain, a digitalization phenomenon, has leveraged its superior features to remodel the relationships of logistics partners. This cutting-edge technology has brought a ...faster, more transparent, and cost-effective logistics industry. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the behavioral intention to use the blockchain of individuals who work in logistics companies in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Viet Nam, through the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and its extended factors. Accordingly, non-probability sampling with convenience sampling has been chosen. A questionnaire was used to collect data from logistics workers before exploring and clarifying factors affecting the users' intention, namely performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI), and facilitating conditions (FC). In addition, experience (EXP) was also expected to influence the relationships. Therefore, a multi-analytical hybrid structural equation modeling-artificial neural network (SEM-ANN) approach was used to evaluate the gathered data empirically. The expert panel examined the established questionnaire through face validity and content validity to ensure the validity and reliability of the survey instrument. The findings revealed the different positive impacts of factors on the intention to use blockchain. While the result of the PLS-SEM technique is a descending order impact of PE, FC, EE, SI, and EXP was found that have no meaningful effect on the relationships, the ANN approach produces a surprising conclusion when SI ranks first in the magnitude of influence.
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•Multi-layered thin film nanocomposite is fabricated completely using electrodeposition.•MWCNTs nanopaper is yielded by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) as conducting electrode.•EPD ...can be set-up to purify CNTs due to different impact of electric field to polarization of functionalized CNTs.•MoS2@MoO2 shell@core structure covers MWCNTs by low current density galvanostatic deposition.•MoS2@MoO2 formed in two types including nano-onion and nano-trail at the end and along length of MWCNTs, respectively.
A shell@core nanostructure of MoS2@MoO2 on multi-walled carbon nanotubes paper (MWCNP) is fabricated by a two-step electrochemical process. Consecutively, electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and galvanostatic deposition (GSD) techniques are applied to deposit MWCNP on indium tin oxide coated polyethylene terephthalate (ITO-PET) film, then, to form MoS2@MoO2 on the surface of MWCNP. Raman spectra and XRD pattern of MWCNP/ITO-PET and MoS2@MoO2/MWCNP/ITO-PET thin films confirm EPD retains the original structure of MWCNTs as well as GSD successfully generates amorphous MoS2@MoO2 as skin of MWCNP. In EPD process, MWCNT-COOH with high defect density are preferred to deposition on ITO-PET electrode as well as MoS2@MoO2 reduces defect on sidewall of MWCNTs in GSD process. The XRD patterns confirms the orthorhombic and hexagonal structure of MoO2 and MoS2, respectively. The thickness of MoS2@MoO2 skin measured on TEM images is about 13–15 nm, while the planes distance measured on HRTEM is about 3.8 Å. Combination of characterization shows the mechanism leading to formation of MoS2@MoO2 nano-trail and nano-onion on body and end of MWCNTs, respectively, according defect density of the position. Thence, the two-step electrodeposition holds great potential due to its ability to rapidly produce large-area thin films as well as control nanostructures of materials.
•The formation of the critical shear crack is explained.•A shear band for the formation of shear crack is introduced.•A calculation procedure to determine the shear capacity is ...presented.•Verification with experimental data from the literature is performed.•Effect of the structural system and load arrangement on the shear capacity is experimentally confirmed.
This paper presents the theoretical development of a new approach to determining the shear capacity of slender reinforced concrete members without transverse reinforcement. Taking into account the very small component of the normal stress of concrete in the tension zone, which is normally neglected when determining the bending capacity, it is assumed that the damage is potentially localized in a narrow band that tends to connect the tips of existing flexural cracks. The width of this band increases with the shear force and decreases with the increase of the bending moment. The shear failure is characterized by the formation of the critical shear crack in the shear band when its width reaches a critical value. With the new approach, the bending moment has a positive influence on the shear resistance of a cross-section, which contradicts most existing shear models. The validation of the new approach against experimental data shows that the proposed method accurately predicts the shear capacity of all investigated types of shear span. The influences of the structural system and load arrangement on the shear response observed from experimental investigations can be well captured.
•The patient's CT scans and the catheter location mapping are beneficial to the Electrical Impedance Tomography.•The Electrical Impedance Tomography ablation signal can be expected to be a few to ...tens of mV.•Efficient solutions were found for treating almost noises except for the cardiac movement.•Electrical Impedance Tomography's promising results and improvements were found in Hyperthermia and other ablations.•In conclusion, Electrical Impedance Tomography is a promising solution for the lesion monitoring.
Arrhythmias are common cardiac diseases which can be treated effectively by the cardiac radiofrequency ablation (CRFA). However, information regarding the lesion growth within the myocardium is critical to the procedure's safety and efficacy but still unavailable in the current catheterisation lab (CathLab). Over the last 20 years, many efforts have been made in order to track the lesion size during the procedure. Unfortunately, all the approaches have their own limitations preventing them from the clinical translation and hence making the lesion size monitoring during a CRFA still an open issue. Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is an impedance imaging modality that might be able to image the thermal-related impedance changes from which the lesion size can be measured. With the availability of the patient's CT scans, for a detailed model, and the catheter-based electrodes for the internal electrodes, EIT accuracy and sensitivity to the ablated sites can be significantly improved and is worth being explored for this application. Though EIT is still new to CRFA with no in-vivo experiments being done according to our up-to-date searching, many related EIT studies and its extensive research in Hyperthermia and other ablations can reveal many hints for a possibility of the CRFA-EIT application. In this paper, we present a review on multiple aspects of EIT in CRFA. First, the expected CRFA-EIT signal range and frequency are discussed based on various measured impedance results obtained from lesions in the past. Second, the possible noise sources that can happen in a clinical CRFA procedure, along with their signal range and frequency compared to the CRFA-EIT signal, and, third, the available current solutions to separate such noises from the CRFA-EIT signal. Finally, we review the progress of EIT in thermal applications over the last two decades in order to identify the developments that EIT can take advantage of and the current drawbacks that need to be solved for a potential CRFA-EIT application.
