Aloe vera‐derived graphene (ADG) coupled system photocatalyst, mimicking natural photosynthesis, is one of the most promising ways for converting solar energy into ammonia (NH3) and nicotinamide ...adenine dinucleotide (NADH) that have been widely used to make the numerous chemicals such as fertilizer and fuel. In this study, we report the synthesis of the aloe vera‐derived graphene‐coupled phenosafranin (ADGCP) acting as a highly efficient photocatalyst for the generation of NH3 and regeneration of NADH from nitrogen (N2) and oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). The results show a benchmark instance for mimicking natural photosynthesis activity as well as the practical applications for the solar‐driven selective formation of NH3 and the regeneration of NADH by using the newly designed photocatalyst.
In this study, the utilization of solar light irradiation enables the generation and regeneration of ammonia and NADH using an aloe vera‐derived graphene‐coupled phenosafranin (ADGCP) photocatalyst. The results show the remarkable efficiency and environmental friendly nature of the ADGCP system, offering the promising way to solve worldwide issues related to sustainable chemical synthesis and energy production.
In this study, two novel multiple resonance (MR) emitters, DtCzBN and Cy-DtCzBN, were designed based on the well-known BCzBN structure and synthesized for narrowband solution-processed organic ...light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Cy-DtCzBN possesses a dimeric V-shaped structure formed by coupling two individual DtCzBN units via a nonconjugated cyclohexane linker. When compared with DtCzBN, Cy-DtCzBN, as a medium-sized molecule, was found to maintain the optical and photophysical properties of the corresponding monomeric unit, DtCzBN, but exhibits high thermal stability, excellent solubility, and good film-forming ability. Additionally, solution-processed OLEDs were fabricated by using two sets of molecules: one set of small molecular hosts and emitters (i.e., mCP and DtCzBN) and the other set of medium-sized molecular hosts and emitters (i.e., Cy-mCP and Cy-DtCzBN). Notably, devices using medium-sized molecular hosts and emitters exhibited similar optical and photophysical properties but showed significantly improved reproducibility and thermal stability compared with those based on small molecular hosts and emitters. Our current study provides some insights into molecular design strategies for thermally stable hosts and emitters, which are highly suitable for solution-processed OLEDs.
We report a chromogenic and fluorescence turn-on probe based on crotonoyl ester-functionalized oxazolidinoindole for the selective detection of cysteine in neutral buffer. The probe rapidly formed ...indocyanophenolate through the Michael addition and a subsequent cyclization reaction of cysteine, inducing both a dramatic bathochromic shift (>130 nm) and a large fluorescence turn-on response (F/F 0 12) in the UV–vis and fluorescence spectra and affording a micromolar limit of detection (LOD = 5.0 μM) of cysteine in HEPES buffer. When cysteine was added, the probe exhibited a dual optical change with strong green fluorescence and dramatic red color by the oxazolidinoindole-to-hydroxyethylindolium transformation. Further cellular application of the probe was successfully performed for the mitochondrial imaging of HeLa cells.
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•We synthesized a highly soluble MR emitter for solution-processable OLEDs.•Multi-layered OLED device was fabricated using eco-friendly aliphatic solvents.•This device exhibited a ...high EQE of 14.0 % and a narrow bandwidth of 30 nm.
In general, fabricating multilayer structures in solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) presents challenges owing to the potential degradation of the initial film during subsequent processing steps. Furthermore, these devices typically require aromatic and halogenated solvents recognized for their adverse effects on human health and their harmful environmental impact. In this study, we successfully synthesized a solution-processable multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitter by introducing tert-butyl carbazolyl dendron, which exhibits excellent solubility. In our approach, we fabricated a multilayer OLED for solution processing utilizing eco-friendly, non-halogenated aliphatic solvents, with each layer in the devices developed utilizing water, cyclohexanone, and ethyl acetate for the hole injection layer, hole transport layer, and emitting layer, respectively. The resulting eco-friendly solution-processed OLED achieved a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 14.0 % and a narrow bandwidth of 30 nm. Furthermore, utilizing an additional TADF sensitizer led to a remarkable EQEmax enhancement of over 15 % and a substantial improvement in efficiency roll-off. Thus, the eco-friendly device fabrication strategy employed here opens novel avenues for diverse research in organic semiconductor devices that must be fabricated with solution processes in the future.
The film-forming capability of the host plays a crucial role in effectively forming a light-emitting layer through a solution process in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this study, we ...synthesized two side-chain polymer hosts, PCz-DBT and P2Cz-DBT, consisting of carbazole and dibenzothiophene. The synthesis was carried out through radical polymerization using styrene-based host monomers. Their photophysical characteristics and molecular energy levels are similar to those of the reference small molecule hosts, namely, Cz-DBT and 2Cz-DBT. However, compared to the small-molecule hosts Cz-DBT and 2Cz-DBT, the two polymer hosts showed high thermal stability and good film-forming properties in the neat and host-emitter blend films. Specifically, bluish-green multiple-resonance (MR) thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) OLEDs, fabricated via solution processing with an emissive layer based on P2Cz-DBT, exhibited remarkable performance. These devices achieved a maximum external quantum efficiency of 17.4% without utilizing a hole transport layer. This polymer host design strategy is considered to significantly contribute to enhancing the performance of TADF-OLEDs fabricated through solution processing.The film-forming capability of the host plays a crucial role in effectively forming a light-emitting layer through a solution process in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this study, we synthesized two side-chain polymer hosts, PCz-DBT and P2Cz-DBT, consisting of carbazole and dibenzothiophene. The synthesis was carried out through radical polymerization using styrene-based host monomers. Their photophysical characteristics and molecular energy levels are similar to those of the reference small molecule hosts, namely, Cz-DBT and 2Cz-DBT. However, compared to the small-molecule hosts Cz-DBT and 2Cz-DBT, the two polymer hosts showed high thermal stability and good film-forming properties in the neat and host-emitter blend films. Specifically, bluish-green multiple-resonance (MR) thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) OLEDs, fabricated via solution processing with an emissive layer based on P2Cz-DBT, exhibited remarkable performance. These devices achieved a maximum external quantum efficiency of 17.4% without utilizing a hole transport layer. This polymer host design strategy is considered to significantly contribute to enhancing the performance of TADF-OLEDs fabricated through solution processing.
Implementing an exciplex host system in the emitting layer is crucial for achieving highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes ...(OLEDs). In this study, we successfully designed and synthesized 3-((3r,5r,7r)-adamantan-1-yl)-9-(dibenzob,dthiophen-2-yl)-9H-carbazole (AdCz-DBT) and 9-(dibenzob,dthiophen-2-yl)-9H-carbazole (Cz-DBT) as p-type hosts for the exciplex host implementation, and 7-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-5,9-dioxa-13b-boranaphtho3,2,1-deanthracene (tPDBA) as an n-type host. The AdCz-DBT host incorporates a large and robust adamantane group into Cz-DBT, increasing molecular weight, film-forming properties and thermal stability. Additionally, AdCz-DBT maintains energy levels and photophysical properties similar to those of adamantane-free Cz-DBT. Efficient exciplex emission was observed in the blend film due to well-matched energy levels of the synthesized p- and n-type hosts. The introduction of adamantane into Cz-DBT did not hinder exciplex formation, resulting in a relatively high photoluminescence quantum yield and improved charge balance in the mixed host with tPDBA.
Ultimately, the solution-processed blue TADF-OLED with the AdCz-DBT:tPDBA blend host demonstrated a relatively high external quantum efficiency of 8.00% and a long operational lifetime, exhibiting excellent performance compared to devices using the Cz-DBT:tPDBA blend host.
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•AdCz-DBT was successfully synthesized, demonstrating a high glass transition temperature.•AdCz-DBT:tPDBA blend film exhibited promising exciplex emission behavior.•AdCz-DBT-based OLEDs displayed a highly improved external quantum efficiency.•AdCz-DBT based OLEDs showcased significantly improved operational stability.
In this study, a panchromatic absorptive conjugated terpolymer, BDTID-BDT3MT, is synthesized, which consists of electron-donating benzodithiophene (BDT), isoindigo (ID) as a strong electron-accepting ...unit, and methyl-3-thiophenecarboxylate (3 MT) as a weak electron-accepting unit. By combining these three monomers into the structure of a conjugated terpolymer, the absorption spectrum of BDTID-BDT3MT is induced to exhibit an unusually broad, strong, and uniform band in the wavelength interval from 300 to 750 nm, which helps achieving highly efficient light harvesting under solar illumination. The intriguing panchromatic absorption behavior of BDTID-BDT3MT was explained on the basis of theoretical calculations using simplified repeating units. Polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on BDTID-BDT3MT as a donating polymer and non-fullerene acceptors (e.g., ITIC-4F) exhibited a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.38%, high open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.88 V, and short circuit current density (Jsc) of 13.74 mA/cm2, while PSCs based on ternary blend systems consisting of BDTID, BDT3MT, and ITIC-4F exhibited lower PCE and Jsc of 3.74% and 11.15 mA/cm2, respectively. The superior performance of PSCs based on BDTID-BDT3MT can be attributed to their high light harvesting efficiencies and relatively more favorable nano-phase film morphologies. Our results establish that BDT, ID, and 3 MT units serve as useful building blocks in the structure of conjugated terpolymers due to their remarkably broad panchromatic absorption band.
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•A panchromatic absorptive conjugated terpolymer, BDTID-BDT3MT, was successfully synthesized.•Isoindigo as a strong electron-accepting unit and thiophenecarboxylate as a weak electron-accepting unit were employed.•The absorption spectrum of BDTID-BDT3MT exhibit a broad, strong, and uniform band from 300 to 750 nm.•Polymer solar cells with ITIC-4F exhibited a high power conversion efficiency of 5.38%.
Abstract
We aimed to compare accelerated post-contrast magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MPRAGE) using wave-controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (wave-CAIPI) with conventional MPRAGE as ...a reliable method to diagnose intracranial lesions in pediatric patients. A total of 23 consecutive pediatric patients who underwent post-contrast wave-CAIPI and conventional MPRAGE (scan time: 2 min 39 s vs. 5 min 46 s) were retrospectively evaluated. Two radiologists independently assessed each image for the presence of intracranial lesions. Quantitative contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), contrast rate (CR), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and qualitative parameters (overall image quality, gray-white matter differentiation, demarcation of basal ganglia and sulci, and motion artifacts) were also surveyed. Wave-CAIPI MPRAGE and conventional MPRAGE detected enhancing and non-enhancing intracranial lesions with 100% agreement. Although wave-CAIPI MPRAGE had a lower SNR (all
p
< 0.05) and overall image quality (overall analysis,
p
= 0.02) compared to conventional MPRAGE, other quantitative (CNR and CR) and qualitative parameters (gray-white differentiation, demarcation of basal ganglia and sulci, and motion artifacts) were comparable in the pooled analysis and between both observers (all
p
> 0.05). Wave-CAIPI MPRAGE was a reliable method for diagnosing intracranial lesions in pediatric patients as conventional MPRAGE at half the scan time.
A series of PROTACs (PROteolysis-TArgeting Chimeras) consisting of bicalutamide analogs and thalidomides were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated as novel androgen receptor (AR) ...degraders. In particular, we found that PROTAC compound
could successfully demonstrate a targeted degradation of AR in AR-positive cancer cells and might be a useful chemical probe for the investigation of AR-dependent cancer cells, as well as a potential therapeutic candidate for prostate cancers.
Abstract Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study ...identified echocardiographic predictors of AKI and determined whether these predictors were related to long-term mortality in CABG. This retrospective cohort study included 1,300 patients who underwent echocardiography before CABG at two tertiary referral centers from 2004 to 2010. The best echocardiographic predictor of AKI was determined using multivariate and stepwise selection methods. Patients were followed for 72 ± 28.8 months (maximum 11 years) for all-cause mortality. We measured the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) for AKI and all-cause mortality, respectively, according to the chosen parameter. E/e’ was the best predictor of AKI among echocardiographic parameters. The high E/e’ group (>15) exhibited a higher OR for AKI 2.2 (1.51–3.27) than the low E/e’ group (<8). The high E/e’ group required a longer hospital stay 16 days (12–23 days) than the low E/e’ group 14 days (11–17 days). There were 272 deaths (21%) during follow-up. The high E/e’ group exhibited a higher HR for long-term mortality 1.9 (1.34–2.76) than the low E/e’ group, and this difference remained statistically significant regardless of the occurrence of AKI and the size of the ejection fraction volume. E/e’ in preoperative echocardiography is the best predictor of AKI and long-term mortality in patients undergoing CABG.
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