In spite of high prevalence of hypertension in the US, only half of hypertensive individuals have sufficient blood pressure control. ...blood pressure control is a crucial issue in reducing CVD.5 ...Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDEI) that reduces blood viscosity by increasing leukocyte and erythrocyte flexibility and reducing thrombus formation. ...the power for test of diastolic BP (DBP) regarding the partial r|2 of 0.025 and calculated effect size (F) of 0.16 was calculated 0.94. ...111patients were randomized into the intervention (n=56) and the control groups (n=55). ...100 patients (50 patients in each group) were followed up and analyzed.
Abstract
Introduction: End-stage renal disease is the most debilitating condition for patients with renal diseases. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in these patients. It has been ...shown that nitric oxide (NO) increases in renal failure and hemodialysis patients and could be correlated with cardiovascular diseases in this population. Objectives: To investigate the relation between exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) and left ventricular performance in chronic hemodialysis patients. Methods: In this prospective study, eNO was measured in 20 chronic hemodialysis patients (13 males and 7 females with the mean age of 45.20 ± 14.99 years). Left ventricular findings were studied by conventional and Doppler echocardiography. eNO correlation with the echocardiographic parameters was evaluated. Results: The median eNO was 11.65 ppb (range: 1.9-29.9 ppb). eNO was positively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (ρ = 0.561, p = 0.01) and negatively correlated with left ventricular end systolic volume (ρ = −0.451, p = 0.046), isovolumic relaxation time (ρ = −0.448, p = 0.047) and myocardial performance index (ρ = −0.587, p = 0.007). Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between eNO and left ventricular performance in chronic hemodialysis patients. Therefore, eNO may play an important role in pathophysiology of cardiac involvement in these patients.
The plasma N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level is an important diagnostic and prognostic marker of heart failure. Recent studies have suggested urinary NT-proBNP as a new and ...simple test for diagnosis of heart failure. We aim to compare diagnostic value of plasma, fresh and frozen urine levels of N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) for detecting heart failure.
Between January 2010 and January 2012, we measured urine and plasma levels of NTproBNP in 98 patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects.
There were significant correlations between plasma NT-proBNP and fresh (r=0.45, p<0.001) and frozen (r=0.42, p<0.001) urine NT-proBNP concentrations in CHF patients. Due to receiver operating curve analysis, fresh and frozen urine NT-proBNP could diagnose HF with are aunder curve (AUC) of 0.73±0.04 (p<0.001) and 0.65±0.05 (p=0.01) with sensitivity and specificity of 73.97%, 58.62%, and 65.31%, 62.07%, for a cut-off of 94.2 and 96 pg/mL, respectively. Plasma NT-proBNP had greater AUC (0.94±0.02, p<0.001) and better sensitivity and specificity (94.9%, 89.66% for cut-off of 414.5 pg/mL). There was no significant correlation between LVEF and plasma, fresh and frozen urine NT-proBNP levels in CHF patients.
Plasma NT-proBNP is still the best diagnostic marker with high sensitivity and specificity; however, urinary especially fresh urine NT-proBNP may be a surrogate to plasma NTproBNP for diagnosing HF with acceptable accuracy.
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