Two marine, heterotrophic, aerobic, yellow-pigmented, agarolytic bacterial strains that are motile by means of gliding were isolated from the green alga Acrosiphonia sonderi and from sea water. ...Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed an affiliation between the strains studied and the genus Formosa, a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae. The level of sequence similarity between strain KMM 3901T and Formosa algae KMM 3553T was 99.1 %. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization experiments and phenotypic analysis indicated that the strains represent a novel species of the genus Formosa, for which the name Formosa agariphila sp. nov. is proposed, with KMM 3901T (= KCTC 12365T = LMG 23005T = DSM 15362T) as the type strain. The description of the genus Formosa is emended with newly obtained data.
The taxonomic status of a novel, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, gliding and yellow-orange-pigmented bacterium (strain KMM 6264(T)), associated with the coral Palythoa, was determined. The 16S rRNA ...gene sequence analysis indicated that strain KMM 6264(T) clustered with the recognized species of the genus Leeuwenhoekiella of the family Flavobacteriaceae with 96.4-98.2 % sequence similarity. DNA-DNA reassociation levels between the isolate and the type strains of Leeuwenhoekiella species were 15-22 %. The DNA G+C content was 41.2 mol%. The phylogenetic evidence and the results of genomic and phenotypic analyses showed that the isolate should be classified as a member of a novel species of the genus Leeuwenhoekiella, for which the name Leeuwenhoekiella palythoae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KMM 6264(T) (=KCTC 22020(T)=LMG 24856(T)).
Strain KMM 3524T was isolated from the holothurian Apostichopus japonicus living in the Sea of Japan. The bacterial strain was pigmented, non-motile, Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and oxidase-, ...catalase- and beta-galactosidase-positive. From the results of 16S rDNA sequence analysis, strain KMM 3524T was found to be related closely to Salegentibacter salegens (98.1%). DNA-DNA homology between strains KMM 3524T and S. salegens DSM 5424T was 38%; this showed clearly that the holothurian isolate KMM 3524T belongs to a novel species of the genus Salegentibacter for which the name Salegentibacter holothuriorum sp. nov. is proposed, with KMM 3524T (=NBRC 100249T=LMG 21968T) as the type strain.
The precise taxonomic position of Roseivirga seohaensis strain SW-152T, formerly Marinicola seohaensis, was established. On the basis of data from DNA-DNA reassociation experiments and phenotypic ...analysis, it is proposed that this strain should be considered as a later heterotypic synonym of Roseivirga ehrenbergii KMM 6017T Nedashkovskaya et al. 2005. Emended descriptions for Roseivirga ehrenbergii and for the genus Roseivirga are also given.
A novel heterotrophic, yellow pigmented, aerobic, Gram-negative, nonmotile, oxidase- and catalase-positive bacterium KMM 3,938(T) was isolated from sea water collected in the Sea of Japan, Russia. ...The strain grew at mesophilic temperature range, and required the presence of NaCl for growth. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain KMM 3,938(T) is a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae. The predominant fatty acids were C13:0 iso, C14:0 iso, C15:0 iso, C15:0, C15:1Delta6, 3OH-C15:0:3 iso, and 3OH-C15:0. The G + C content of the DNA of KMM 3938(T) was 32.4 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genotypic, and phylogenetic characteristics, the novel bacterium was assigned to the genus Polaribacter as Polaribacter butkevichii sp. nov. The type strain is KMM 3938(T )(= KCTC 12100(T) = CCUG 48005(T)).
An α-galactosidase capable of converting B red blood cells into the universal blood type cells at the neutral pH was produced by a novel obligate marine bacterium strain KMM 701 (VKM B-2135 D). The ...organism is heterotrophic, aerobic, and halophilic and requires Na⁺ ions and temperature up to 34°C for its growth. The strain has a unique combination of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes. Its single intracellular α-galactosidase exceeded other glycoside hydrolases in the level of expression up to 20-fold. The α-galactosidase was purified to determine the N-terminal amino acid sequences and new activities. It was found to inhibit Corynebacterium diphtheria adhesion to host buccal epithelium cell surfaces with high effectiveness. The nucleotide sequence of the homodimeric α-galactosidase indicates that its subunit is composed of 710 amino acid residues with a calculated Mr of 80,055. This α-galactosidase shares structural property with 36 family glycoside hydrolases. The properties of the enzyme are likely to be highly beneficial for medicinal purposes.
The ecophysiological variabilities in the ectohydrolytic enzyme profiles of the three species of Pseudoalteromonas, P. citrea, P. issachenkonii, and P. nigrifaciens, have been investigated. Forty-one ...bacteria isolated from several invertebrates, macroalgae, sea grass, and the surrounding water exhibited different patterns of hydrolytic enzyme activities measured as the hydrolysis of either native biopolymers or fluorogenic substrates. The activities of the following enzymes were assayed: proteinase, tyrosinase, lipase, amylase, chitinase, agarase, fucoidan hydrolase, laminaranase, alginase, pustulanase, cellulase, beta-glucosidase, alpha- and beta-galactosidases, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-glucosaminidase, beta-xylosidase, and alpha-mannosidase. The occurrence and cell-specific activities of all enzymes varied over a broad range (from 0 to 44 micromol EU per hour) and depended not only on taxonomic affiliation of the strain, but also on the source/place of its isolation. This suggests 'specialization' of different species for different types of polymeric substrates as, for example, all strains of P. citrea and P. issachenkonii hydrolyzed alginate and laminaran, while strains of P. nigrifaciens were lacking the ability to hydrolyze most of the algal polysaccharides. The incidence of certain enzymes such as fucoidan hydrolases, alginate lyases, agarases, and alpha-galactosidases might be strain specific and reflect its particular ecological habitat.
Two marine bacterial strains, KMM 3823(T) and KMM 3836, isolated from a sipuncula (Phascolosoma japonicum), a common inhabitant of Troitsa Bay in the Gulf of Peter the Great (Sea of Japan), were ...studied. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis placed these bacteria into a separate branch of the 'Gammaproteobacteria' within members of the genus SHEWANELLA: KMM 3823(T) showed the highest similarity (96.6 %) with Shewanella fidelis. The DNA G+C contents of the two strains studied were 43.0 mol%. The level of DNA homology between these two strains was conspecific (93 %), indicating that they represent a single genospecies. These organisms were greenish-brown, Gram-negative, polarly flagellated, facultatively anaerobic, mesophilic (temperature range 4-30 degrees C), neutrophilic, haemolytic and were able to degrade elastin, gelatin and DNA. They were susceptible to ampicillin, carbenicillin, gentamicin and kanamycin. The predominant fatty acids were characteristic for shewanellas: 13 : 0-i, 15 : 0-i and 16 : 1(n-7); up to 6.7 % of eicosapentaenoic fatty acid, 20 : 5(n-3), was produced during growth at 28 degrees C. Phylogenetic evidence, confirmed by DNA hybridization and phenotypic characteristics revealed that the two bacteria studied constitute a new species, Shewanella waksmanii sp. nov., the type strain of which is KMM 3823(T) (=CIP 107701(T)=ATCC BAA-643(T)).
Four marine bacterial strains, designated KMM 3587T, KMM 3586, KMM 3821 and KMM 3822, were isolated from the sipuncula Phascolosoma japonicum, a common inhabitant of Troitza Bay in the Gulf of Peter ...the Great (Sea of Japan region), and from an unidentified hydrocoral species collected in Makarov Bay (Iturup Islands), Kuril Islands, North-West Pacific Ocean. The strains were characterized to clarify their taxonomic position. 16S rRNA gene sequences of KMM 3587T and KMM 3586 indicated 99% similarity to Shewanella colwelliana. Despite such a high level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, DNA-DNA hybridization experiments demonstrated only 45-52% binding with DNA of S. colwelliana ATCC 39565T. The DNA G+C contents of the novel strains were 45 mol% and the shared level of DNA hybridization was conspecific (81-97%), indicating that they represent a single genospecies. The novel strains were mesophilic (able to grow at 10-34 degrees C), neutrophilic and haemolytic, and able to degrade gelatin, casein and Tween 20, 40 and 80, but not starch, agar, elastin, alginate or chitin. The major fatty acids were i13 : 0, i15 : 0, 16 : 0, 16 : 1omega7 and 17 : 1omega8 (68.9% of total). The major isoprenoid quinones were Q7 (47-62%) and Q8 (26-47%). Eicosapentaenoic acid was produced in minor amounts. Based on these data, the strains are assigned to a novel species, Shewanella affinis sp. nov. (type strain KMM 3587T=CIP 107703T=ATCC BAA-642T).
Two marine bacterial strains, KMM 3582T and KMM 3589, isolated respectively from sediments of the South China Sea and sea water of the Sea of Japan, have been characterized. Comparative 16S rDNA ...sequence-based phylogenetic analysis placed the two strains in a separate branch of the gamma-Proteobacteria within the members of the genus Shewanella. KMM 3582T showed the highest similarity (97.1 and 97.4%, respectively) to Shewanella pealeana and Shewanella gelidimarina. The G + C contents of the DNAs of the two strains studied were 45.0 mol%. The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between the two strains was 82%, indicating that they represent a single genospecies. These organisms were slightly pinkish, Gram-negative, polarly flagellated, facultatively anaerobic, mesophilic (with temperature range from 4 to 30 degrees C), neutrophilic and haemolytic and were able to degrade alginate, gelatin and DNA. The novel organisms were susceptible to gentamicin, lincomycin, oleandomycin, streptomycin and polymyxin. The predominant fatty acids were characteristic for shewanellae: 13 : 0-i, 15 : 0-i, 16 : 0 and 16 : 1omega7. Eicosapentaenoic acid, 20 : 5omega3, was not detected. Phylogenetic evidence, together with phenotypic characteristics, showed that the two bacteria constitute a novel species of the genus Shewanella. The name Shewanella fidelis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain KMM 3582T (=LMG 20551T =ATCC BAA-318T).
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