Background
Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis (NEH) is a benign neutrophilic dermatosis not well recognized beyond an association with malignancy. Although the disease is commonly reported in adults ...with malignancy, this association is uncommon in children. The diagnosis of NEH is predominantly based on histologic findings to exclude alternative diagnoses for adults, but biopsy is not usually required for children.
Methods
A retrospective study was performed of adult and pediatric patients diagnosed with NEH at three Mayo Clinic sites from January 1, 1992, to January 1, 2022. The aim of this study was to elucidate risk factors for NEH and its clinical characteristics, treatment options, and natural course. Clinical information and pathologic results were collected from health records. Available pathologic slides were reviewed with a dermatopathologist.
Results
Of 47 patients identified, 33 had either histologic or clinical confirmation of the diagnosis; 21 were adults (64%), and 12 were children (36%). Most adults (16/21; 76%) had underlying malignancy and received chemotherapy. Five adults (24%) were classified as having idiopathic NEH, and they were younger and had higher NEH recurrence rates than the other adults. Only one pediatric patient (8%) had underlying malignancy. For 10 children (83%), NEH was preceded by strenuous activity. Initial findings of idiopathic NEH were palmoplantar eruptions for both adult and pediatric patients, whereas malignancy‐associated NEH commonly involved the face and axillae.
Conclusions
Among adults, NEH is commonly associated with malignancy and chemotherapy. Among children, idiopathic NEH occurs primarily after overexertion, and malignancy is highly unlikely to be the cause of NEH.
Geochemical composition and the level of Arsenic (As) contamination of groundwater in the Ganges Delta Plain, southwestern Bangladesh were elucidated. Hydrogeochemical data of tube well samples ...suggested that the groundwater is mostly Ca–Mg–HCO
3 type with bicarbonate (HCO
3
−) as the dominant anion, though other type waters are also observed. In contrast, the elevated EC, Cl
− and high content of Na
+ relative to Ca
2+, Mg
2+ and K
+ in six groundwater samples suggest their saline origin. Low concentrations of NO
3
− and SO
4
2−, and high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), HCO
3
− and PO
4
3− indicate the reducing conditions of subsurface aquifer where sediments are deposited with abundant organic matter. The total As concentration in the analyzed samples is very high (0.0431–1.352
mg/L) along with high Fe (2.791–17.058
mg/L) and relatively low Mn (0.134–1.972
mg/L) at different depths. Distinct relationship of As with Fe and Mn, and strong correlation with DOC suggests that the biodegradation of organic matter and reductive dissolution of Fe-oxyhydroxide is considered to be the dominant processes to release As in aquifers. Moreover, negative correlation between As and SO
4
2− demonstrates the As may not be directly mobilized from sulfide minerals like arsenopyrite.
Background
VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X‐linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome is an autoinflammatory disease with frequent cutaneous manifestations.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective study ...of all patients with genetically confirmed VEXAS syndrome seen at our institution. Available clinical photographs and skin biopsy slides were reviewed.
Results
Cutaneous manifestations developed in 22/25 (88%) patients with VEXAS syndrome. From this group, 10/22 (45%) developed skin involvement before or at the time of other clinical features of VEXAS. Twenty distinct dermatologic presentations of VEXAS from 14 patients were reviewed, and histopathologic patterns were classified as follows: neutrophilic urticarial dermatosis (n = 5, 25%), leukocytoclastic/urticarial vasculitis (n = 4, 20%), urticarial tissue reaction (n = 4, 20%), neutrophilic dermatosis (n = 3, 15%), neutrophilic panniculitis (n = 2, 10%), and nonspecific chronic septal panniculitis (n = 2, 10%). Common systemic findings included macrocytic anemia (96%), fever (88%), thrombocytopenia (76%), weight loss (76%), ocular inflammation (64%), pulmonary infiltrates (56%), deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (52%), and inflammatory arthritis (52%).
Conclusions
Cutaneous involvement is a common feature of VEXAS syndrome, and histopathologic findings exist on a spectrum of neutrophilic inflammatory dermatoses.
Investigating enzyme activity is central to our understanding of biological function, and the design of biocatalysts continues to find applications in synthesis. While a role for active site residues ...can be proposed based on structure and mechanism, our understanding of the catalytic importance for residues surrounding the active site is less well understood. In triosephosphate isomerase (TIM), Glu97 is situated adjacent to the active site and is found in essentially all sequences. Prior studies reported mutation of Glu97 to Asp and Gln in TIM from Plasmodium falciparum (PfTIM) led to a 100- and 4000-fold decrease in activity, respectively, while the E97D mutation in TIM from Gallus gallus (cTIM) had no effect on activity. To investigate further the question of how mutations in essentially superimposable structures give different effects, we mutated E97 in TIM from Trypanosoma brucei brucei (TbbTIM), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yTIM), and human (hTIM). The E97D, E97A, and E97Q mutations led to a ∼three-tenfold decrease in activity, a modest effect compared to the 102–103-fold effect in PfTIM. CD and fluorescence studies showed the overall structures for the mutants were essentially unchanged. Structural analysis shows that several residues surrounding E97 differ between PfTIM and TIM from the other organisms, and rearrangements or mispositioning of residues in PfTIM may lead to the different rate effects. The results illustrate the interplay of active site and surrounding residues in affecting catalysis and highlight that understanding of the role of residues surrounding the active site may aid in the incorporation of favorable or avoidance of unfavorable interactions when designing enzymes.
Forty-six deep groundwater samples from highly arsenic affected areas in Bangladesh were analyzed in order to evaluate the processes controlling geochemical constituents in the deep aquifer system. ...Spatial trends of solutes, geochemical modeling and principal component analysis indicate that carbonate dissolution, silicate weathering and ion exchange control the major-ion chemistry. The groundwater is dominantly of Na–Cl type brackish water. Approximately 17% of the examined groundwaters exhibit As concentrations higher than the maximum acceptable limit of 10
μg/L for drinking water. Strong correlation (
R
2
=
0.67) of Fe with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and positive saturation index of siderite suggests that the reductive dissolution of Fe-oxyhydroxide in presence of organic matter is considered to be the dominant process to release high content of Fe (median 0.31
mg/L) in the deep aquifer. In contrast, As is not correlated with Fe and DOC. Boron concentration in the 26% samples exceeds the standard limit of 500
μg/L, for water intended for human consumption. Negative relationships of B/Cl ratio with Cl and boron with Na/Ca ratio demonstrate the boron in deep groundwater is accompanied by brackish water and cation exchange within the clayey sediments.
In this cross sectional study peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were estimated in pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy and in third trimester of pregnancy, to observe the alteration ...in airflow rate during pregnancy. This cross sectional study carried out in the Department of Physiology of Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2014 to June 2015. For this purpose, total 300 women with age ranged from 18 to 35 years without any recent history of respiratory diseases were selected and divided into 100 healthy non pregnant women as control group and 200 normal pregnant women as study group. Study group was further subdivided into 100 pregnant women in first trimester and 100 pregnant women in third trimester of pregnancy. The PEFR was estimated by using mini version of Wrights peak flow meter. PEFR was measured during 1st and 3rd trimester of pregnant women and in non pregnant women. In this study, the PEFR significantly decreased both in first and third trimester of pregnancy than that of non pregnant women. Again the PEFR was significantly decreased in 3rd trimester of pregnancy than that of 1st trimester of pregnant women. It may be concluded that PEFR were significantly decreased in pregnancy, most likely due to the mechanical effects of progressively increased size of uterus that progressively decreases lung volumes and capacities.
Several research and training initiatives were organized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in collaboration with national institutions in countries such as Angola, Brazil, ...Burkina Faso, China, Republic of Congo, Guinea, India, Mali, Mauritania, Nepal, Niger, Peru, Tanzania and Thailand among others, to address feasible and effective means of early detection and prevention of cervical, breast and oral cancers. The impact of these activities, that involved over 600 000 participants and more than 1200 healthcare personnel trained on strengthening the local health services in terms of infrastructure, human resources and service delivery aspects in host countries and other regions, is addressed here. These studies, inbuilt in appropriate health services platforms, have resulted in the development and sustenance of several continuing point of care services of screening and treatment in most host countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, and have catalysed regional early detection programmes in India, China and Thailand. The IARC collaborative studies have evolved into major focal points of training and extending services in many countries. The large evidence base, resulting from ours and other studies is likely, in due course, to facilitate much wider scaling up of screening and treatment services through organised programmes.
An integrated study has been carried out to elucidate the distribution and occurrence of arsenic in selected groundwater samples in the area of Sherajdikhan, Bangladesh. Arsenic and other parameters ...(T, pH, EC, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl⁻, NO₃ ⁻, SO₄ ²⁻, HCO₃ ⁻, PO₄ ³⁻, Fe, Mn and DOC) have been measured in groundwater samples collected from shallow/deep tube wells at different depths. Hydrogeochemical data suggest that the groundwaters are generally Ca-Mg-HCO₃ and Mg-Ca-HCO₃ types with bicarbonate (HCO₃ ⁻) as the dominant anion, though the other type of water has also been observed. Dissolved arsenic in groundwater ranged from 0.006 to 0.461 mg/l, with 69% groundwater samples exceeded the Bangladesh limit for safe drinking water (0.05 mg/l). Correlation and principal component analysis have been performed to find out possible relationships among the examined parameters in groundwater. Low concentrations of NO₃ ⁻ and SO₄ ²⁻, and high concentrations of DOC, HCO₃ ⁻ and PO₄ ³⁻ indicate the reducing condition of subsurface aquifer where sediments are deposited with abundant organic matter. Distinct relationship of As with Fe and Mn, and strong correlation with DOC suggests that the biodegradation of organic matter along with reductive dissolution of Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides has being considered the dominant process to release As in the aquifers studied herein.
PDF
