Aus O wird N: Die erste homogen katalysierte Diaminierung primärer und sekundärer Diole mit Ammoniak liefert die entsprechenden Diamine. Auch primäre und sekundäre Alkohole einschließlich ...hydroxysubstituierter Ester werden effizient in primäre Amine überführt. Dieses atomeffiziente und selektive Aminierungsverfahren läuft in einer Ammoniakatmosphäre ohne zusätzliche Wasserstoffquellen ab.
Photocatalytic TiO2 films deposited by different methods Vergöhl, Michael; Althues, Holger; Frach, Peter ...
Vakuum in Forschung und Praxis : Zeitschrift für Vakuumtechnologie, Oberflèachen und Dünne Schichten,
Oktober‐November 2011, Volume:
23, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Photocatalytic TiO2 layers are deposited with different methods available within the Fraunhofer Photocatalysis Alliance. These are: Magnetron sputtering, evaporation, sol‐gel, laquer coating, and ...CVD. The photocatalytic activity under UV illumination is determined by decomposition of stearic acid. The optical properties of the films are compared and discussed.
Abscheidung von photokatalytischen TiO2 Schichten mit verschiedenen Methoden
Photokatalytische TiO2 Schichten wurden mit verschiedenen Methoden der „Fraunhofer Allianz Photokatalyse”︁ hergestellt. Diese Methoden umfassen das Magnetron‐Sputtern, Aufdampfen, Sol‐gel Beschichtung, Lackierbeschichtung sowie ein CVD‐Verfahren. Die photokatalytische Aktivität unter UV‐Beleuchtung wurde durch den Abbau von Stearinsäure ermittelt. Es werden die optischen Eigenschaften der Schichten miteinander verglichen und diskutiert.
An exact formula is derived for the infrared singularities of dimensionally regularized scattering amplitudes in massless QCD with an arbitrary number of legs, valid at any number of loops. It is ...based on the conjecture that the anomalous-dimension matrix of n-jet operators in soft-collinear effective theory contains only a single non-trivial color structure, whose coefficient is the cusp anomalous dimension of Wilson loops with light-like segments. Its color-diagonal part is characterized by two anomalous dimensions, which are extracted to three-loop order from known perturbative results for the quark and gluon form factors. This allows us to predict the three-loop coefficients of all 1/epsilon^k poles for an arbitrary n-parton scattering amplitudes, generalizing existing two-loop results.
A closed formula is obtained for the infrared singularities of dimensionally regularized, massless gauge-theory scattering amplitudes with an arbitrary number of legs and loops. It follows from an ...all-order conjecture for the anomalous-dimension matrix of n-jet operators in soft-collinear effective theory. We show that the form of this anomalous dimension is severely constrained by soft-collinear factorization, non-abelian exponentiation, and the behavior of amplitudes in collinear limits. Using a diagrammatic analysis, we demonstrate that these constraints imply that to three-loop order the anomalous dimension involves only two-parton correlations, with the possible exception of a single color structure multiplying a function of conformal cross ratios depending on the momenta of four external partons, which would have to vanish in all two-particle collinear limits. We argue that such a function does not appear at three-loop order, and that the same is true in higher orders. Our formula predicts Casimir scaling of the cusp anomalous dimension to all orders in perturbation theory, and we explicitly check that the constraints exclude the appearance of higher Casimir invariants at four loops. Using known results for the quark and gluon form factors, we derive the three-loop coefficients of the 1/epsilon^n pole terms (with n=1,...,6) for an arbitrary n-parton scattering amplitude in massless QCD. This generalizes Catani's two-loop formula proposed in 1998.
english Information technology in health care has a clear potential to improve quality and efficiency of health care, especially in the area of medication processes. On the other side, existing ...studies show possible adverse effects on patient safety when IT for medication-related processes is developed, introduced or used inappropriately. The objective of this paper is to summarize definitions and observations on IT usage in pharmacotherapy, and to derive recommendations and future research priorities for decision makers and domain experts. The recommendations address, among others, a stepwise and comprehensive strategy for IT usage in medication processes, the integration of contextual information for alert generation, the involvement of patients, the semantic integration of information resources, usability and adaptability of IT solutions and the need for their continuous evaluation.
Using methods of effective field theory, we derive the first all-order factorization theorem for the Higgs-boson production cross section with a jet veto, imposed by means of a standard sequential ...recombination jet algorithm. Like in the case of small-q_T resummation in Drell-Yan and Higgs production, the factorization is affected by a collinear anomaly. Our analysis provides the basis for a systematic resummation of large logarithms log(m_H/p_T^veto) beyond leading-logarithmic order. Specifically, we present predictions for the resummed jet-veto cross section and efficiency at next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic order. Our results have important implications for Higgs-boson searches at the LHC, where a jet veto is required to suppress background events.
It is assumed that the survival factors Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL are mainly functional on mitochondria and therefore must contain mitochondrial targeting sequences. Here we show, however, that only Bcl-xL is ...specifically targeted to the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) whereas Bcl-2 distributes on several intracellular membranes. Mitochondrial targeting of Bcl-xL requires the COOH-terminal transmembrane (TM) domain flanked at both ends by at least two basic amino acids. This sequence is a bona fide targeting signal for the MOM as it confers specific mitochondrial localization to soluble EGFP. The signal is present in numerous proteins known to be directed to the MOM. Bcl-2 lacks the signal and therefore localizes to several intracellular membranes. The COOH-terminal region of Bcl-2 can be converted into a targeting signal for the MOM by increasing the basicity surrounding its TM. These data define a new targeting sequence for the MOM and propose that Bcl-2 acts on several intracellular membranes whereas Bcl-xL specifically functions on the MOM.
High-throughput screening identified 5 as a weak inhibitor of 11beta-HSD1. Optimization of the structure led to a series of perhydroquinolylbenzamides, some with low nanomolar inhibitory potency. A ...tertiary benzamide is required for biological activity and substitution of the terminal benzamide with either electron-donating or -withdrawing groups is tolerated. The majority of the compounds show selectivity of >20 to >700-fold over 11beta-HSD2. Analogues which showed >50% inhibition of 11beta-HSD1 at 1 muM in an cellular assay were screened in an ADX mouse model. A maximal response of >70% reduction of liver corticosterone levels was observed for three compounds; 9m, 25 and 49.
Using methods from effective field theory, an exact all-order expression for the Drell-Yan cross section at small transverse momentum is derived directly in q_T space, in which all large logarithms ...are resummed. The anomalous dimensions and matching coefficients necessary for resummation at NNLL order are given explicitly. The precise relation between our result and the Collins-Soper-Sterman formula is discussed, and as a by-product the previously unknown three-loop coefficient A^(3) is obtained. The naive factorization of the cross section at small transverse momentum is broken by a collinear anomaly, which prevents a process-independent definition of x_T-dependent parton distribution functions. A factorization theorem is derived for the product of two such functions, in which the dependence on the hard momentum transfer is separated out. The remainder factors into a product of two functions of longitudinal momentum variables and x_T^2, whose renormalization-group evolution is derived and solved in closed form. The matching of these functions at small x_T onto standard parton distributions is calculated at O(alpha_s), while their anomalous dimensions are known to three loops.
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