Crinum latifolium L. (CL) leaf extracts have been traditionally used in Vietnam and are now used all over the world for the treatment of prostate cancer. However, the precise cellular mechanisms of ...the action of CL extracts remain unclear.
To examine the effects of CL samples on the anti-tumour activity of peritoneal murine macrophages.
The properties of three extracts (aqueous, flavonoid, alkaloid), one fraction (alkaloid), and one pure compound (6-hydroxycrinamidine) obtained from CL, were studied (i) for redox capacities (DPPH and bleaching beta-carotene assays), (ii) on murine peritoneal macrophages (MTT assay) and on lymphoma EL4-luc2 cells (luciferine assay) for cytotoxicity, (iii) on macrophage polarization (production of ROS and gene expression by PCR), and (iv) on the tumoricidal functions of murine peritoneal macrophages (lymphoma cytotoxicity by co-culture with syngeneic macrophages).
The total flavonoid extract with a high antioxidant activity (IC50=107.36 mg/L, DPPH assay) showed an inhibitory action on cancer cells. Alkaloid extracts inhibited the proliferation of lymphoma cells either by directly acting on tumour cells or by activating of the tumoricidal functions of syngeneic macrophages. The aqueous extract induced mRNA expression of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) indicating differentiation of macrophages into pro-inflammatory M1 polarized macrophages. The total flavonoid, alkaloid extracts and an alkaloid fraction induced the expression of the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) on the surface of the polarized macrophages that could lead to the activation of macrophages towards the M1 phenotype. Aqueous and flavonoid extracts enhanced NADPH quinine oxido-reductase 1 (NQO1) mRNA expression in polarized macrophages which could play an important role in cancer chemoprevention. All the samples studied were non-toxic to normal living cells and the pure alkaloid tested, 6-hydroxycrinamidine, was not active in any of the models investigated.
Our results indicate that CL extracts and alkaloid fraction (but not pure 6-hydroxycrinamidine) inhibit the proliferation of lymphoma cells in multiple pathways. Our results are in accordance with traditional usage and encourage further studies and in vivo assays.
To establish a GC-MS method for the determination of calophyllolide in
Calophyllum inophyllum L. and its application in quality control of natural medicine.
Methanolic extract from
Calophyllum ...inophyllum L. was prepared. Calophyllolide was isolated, purified and then identified to serve as a chemical marker for development and validation a GC-MS method according to ICH guideline and USP. The established method was proved to be useful in quality control with the aid of Principle Component Analysis (PCA), a multivariate data analysis technique.
The proposed method was selective against mass spectral deconvoluting software AMDIS32. The linear range was from 3.125–50 μg·mL
−1. The RSD of intra-and inter-day precision variations were less than 3% and the mean recovery was (101.22 ± 1.98) % (RSD = 1.95%). PCA was used to indicate a differentiation of batches in production as well as proving that calophyllolide has influence on the discrimination of extracts from different batches.
The proposed capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometric method for the determination of calophyllolide obtained from resin of
Calophyllum inophyllum L. nut oil showed its suitability, simplicity, rapidity and precision, and it can be used for chemical assay. This is the first time such a technique was reported in literature. The multivariate data analysis technique was employed to provide an extensive but inclusive method for quality control of the extracts, to ensure consistency for batch to batch of extracts to be used for product development.
Late detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) results in an overall 5-year survival rate of less than 16%. Liquid biopsy (LB) assays based on detecting circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) might provide ...an opportunity to detect HCC early noninvasively. Increasing evidence indicates that ctDNA detection using mutation-based assays is significantly challenged by the abundance of white blood cell-derived mutations, non-tumor tissue-derived somatic mutations in plasma, and the mutational tumor heterogeneity.
Here, we employed concurrent analysis of cancer-related mutations, and their fragment length profiles to differentiate mutations from different sources. To distinguish persons with HCC (PwHCC) from healthy participants, we built a classification model using three fragmentomic features of ctDNA through deep sequencing of thirteen genes associated with HCC.
Our model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.88, a sensitivity of 89%, and a specificity of 82% in the discovery cohort consisting of 55 PwHCC and 55 healthy participants. In an independent validation cohort of 54 PwHCC and 53 healthy participants, the established model achieved comparable classification performance with an AUC of 0.86 and yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 81%.
Our study provides a rationale for subsequent clinical evaluation of our assay performance in a large-scale prospective study.
This study aimed to examine: (1) how the Internet has changed consumers food-buying behavior and identify its associated factors; (2) consumers' concern about food safety information of online food ...products. A cross-sectional study was performed from October to December 2015 in Hanoi-a Vietnamese epicenter of food service. One thousand seven hundred and thirty six (1736) customers were randomly chosen from food establishments of 176 communes. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires. The majority of participants reported using the Internet to search for food products (81.3%). The most crucial factors influencing food purchases through the Internet were convenience (69.1%) and price (59.3%). Only one-third of participants selected products based on accurate evidence about food safety certification or food origin. The majority of participants were concerned about the expiration date (51.6%), while brand (9.8%) and food licensing information (11.3%) were often neglected. People who were:(1) female, (2) highly influenced by online relationships, and (3) having difficulty in doing usual activities were more likely to look for online food products. These findings produce practical advice to consumers when purchasing their desired food products on the Internet, to online food retailers and to the Government of Vietnam to implement appropriate legislation regarding trading online food products.
This work is to produce multi‐functional active film from polyvinyl (alcohol)/chitosan (PCs) supplemented with Sonneratia ovata leaf extract (SOE) and Piper betel L. oil (PBLO). Our finding showed ...yellowish SOE‐added PCs film with the compact structure possessing lower swelling degree (SD) (22.48%) and higher mechanical strength (5.05 MPa) as compared to the neat PCs (35.43% and 3.18 MPa, respectively). While the co‐supplementation with PBLO at different ratios significantly increased SD between 50.97% and 104.08% due to the more open structure. UV‐barrier, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties of PCs film were significantly revitalized with co‐supplementation of SOE and PBLO. The PCs/SOE1/PBLO0.5 film presented better force resistance (5.51 MPa) and flexibility (87.12%) than other film formulations with balanced antibacterial and antioxidant properties and hence, it was further applied for preserving fresh‐cut beef for 14 days at 4°C. Changes in visual appearance, drip loss, and pH of fresh‐cut beef during storage period indicated better protective efficacy of PCs/SOE1/PBLO0.5 film as compared to polyethylene (PE), PCs, and SOE‐added PCs materials, suggesting its promisingly potential for food packaging application.
Bioactive and functional biodegradable films are produced from polyvinyl (alcohol)/chitosan incorporated with Sonneratia ovata leaf extract and Piper betel L. leaves essential oil for the purpose of enhancing mechanical behavior, UV‐barrier, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of resulting films as well as prolonging the shelf life of fresh‐cut beef.
A feeding trial was performed to compare the effects of five ethanol herbal extracts (bhumi amla, Phyllanthus amarus Schum and Thonn Pa; guava, Psidium guajava L. Pg; sensitive plant, Mimosa pudica ...L. Mp; neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss Ai and asthma plant, Euphorbia hirta L. Eh) on the immune response and disease resistance against Edwardsiella ictaluri infection of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Fish were fed diets supplemented with two doses of each plant extract (0% basal diet, 0.4% Eh Eh0.4, 2.0% Eh Eh2.0, 0.2% Pa Pa0.2, 1.0% Pa Pa1.0, 0.2% Pg Pg0.2, 1.0% Pg Pg1.0, 0.4% Mp Mp0.4, 2.0% Mp Mp2.0, 0.4% Ai Ai0.4, 2.0% Ai Ai2.0) for 8 weeks. Results showed that hematological parameters (total red blood cells, white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils) of fish fed extract-based diets were significantly higher than in those fed the control diet (p < 0.05) after 4 and 8 weeks. Plasma lysozyme activity increased in fish whose diets contained both doses of Eh (p < 0.05) in week 4 (W4), whereas lysozyme activity increased in fish fed 0.2% Pa and Pg, and 2.0% Ai and Eh (p < 0.05) in week 8 (W8). The lysozyme levels in skin mucus did not significantly differ between treatments (p > 0.05) in W4 and after the bacterial challenge test. At the end of the feeding trial, levels of ACH50 significantly increased in most of extract groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Total immunoglobulin increased considerably in both the plasma and skin mucus of fish fed extract-supplemented diets after 8 weeks. In addition, dietary supplementation with Pg, Mp, Pa0.2, Eh2.0, and Ai0.4 for 8 weeks considerably reduced the cumulative mortality against E. ictaluri infection in striped catfish. The results suggest that plant extracts possibly modulate the striped catfish immune response in a time and dose dependent manner. Specifically, diets enriched with extracts of P. guajava at 0.2 and 1.0%, or M. pudica at 2.0% for 8 weeks, have great potential for improving striped catfish health by enhancing the immune system and reducing mortality against bacterial challenges.
•Plant extract-based diets possibly modulate immune responses in time and dose dependent manners.•Extract-based diets differentially enhanced the immune parameters in plasma and skin mucus.•Hematological parameters were improved in striped catfish following extract-based diets.•Striped catfish strongly increased resistance to Edwardsiella ictaluri after feeding plant extracts.•P. guajava and M. pudica strongly improved immune responses and reduced the mortality in fish infected by E. ictaluri.
The aim of this study is first to identify the major phenolic compound of a crude ethanol extract of Psidium guajava leaves collected in Vietnam and to develop validated methods for quantification of ...phenolic and triterpenic components by HPLC-PDA-HRMS. The major phenolic compound was determined as quercetin-3-O-sulfate which is isolated and quantified for the first time in P. guajava. Validated HPLC-DAD quantification methods were developed to quantify the major triterpenic and phenolic derivatives of this extract and found to be accurate in the concentration range of 2–50 μg/mL for phenolic, and 5–100 μg/mL for triterpenic compounds. Four crude ethanol extracts of guava leaves collected at different periods of the year were analyzed using the developed methods and were found to be richer in triterpenic than phenolic derivatives. We also observed that the weather or rainfall influenced the richness in bioactive compounds in guava leaves.
•Quercetin-3-O-sulfate was isolated from Psidium guajava for the first time.•A new validated method to quantify both triterpenic aromatic esters and acids in P. guajava leaves.•Ethanol extract of guava leaves collected in September is the richest in bioactive metabolites in our research.•Ethanol crude extracts contain more triterpenic derivatives than phenolic compounds.
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