Along with the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), waste management has appeared as a serious issue. Waste management is a daily task in urban areas, which requires a large amount of labour ...resources and affects natural, budgetary, efficiency, and social aspects. Many approaches have been proposed to optimize waste management, such as using the nearest neighbour search, colony optimization, genetic algorithm, and particle swarm optimization methods. However, the results are still too vague and cannot be applied in real systems, such as in universities or cities. Recently, there has been a trend of combining optimal waste management strategies with low-cost IoT architectures. In this paper, we propose a novel method that vigorously and efficiently achieves waste management by predicting the probability of the waste level in trash bins. By using machine learning and graph theory, the system can optimize the collection of waste with the shortest path. This article presents an investigation case implemented at the real campus of Ton Duc Thang University (Vietnam) to evaluate the performance and practicability of the system’s implementation. We examine data transfer on the LoRa module and demonstrate the advantages of the proposed system, which is implemented through a simple circuit designed with low cost, ease of use, and replace ability. Our system saves time by finding the best route in the management of waste collection.
Smart homes are an element of developing smart cities. In recent years, countries around the world have spared no effort in promoting smart cities. Smart homes are an interesting technological ...advancement that can make people’s lives much more convenient. The development of smart homes involves multiple technological aspects, which include big data, mobile networks, cloud computing, Internet of Things, and even artificial intelligence. Digital information is the main component of signal control and flow in a smart home, while information security is another important aspect. In the event of equipment failure, the task of safeguarding the system’s information is of the utmost importance. Since smart homes are automatically controlled, the problem of mobile network security must be taken seriously. To address these issues, this paper focuses on information security, big data, mobile networks, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things. Security efficiency can be enhanced by using a Secure Hash Algorithm 256 (SHA-256), which is an authentication mechanism that, with the help of the user, can authenticate each interaction of a given device with a WebServer by using an encrypted username, password, and token. This framework could be used for an automated burglar alarm system, guest attendance monitoring, and light switches, all of which are easily integrated with any smart city base. In this way, IoT solutions can allow real-time monitoring and connection with central systems for automated burglar alarms. The monitoring framework is developed on the strength of the web application to obtain real-time display, storage, and warning functions for local or remote monitoring control. The monitoring system is stable and reliable when applying SHA-256.
This paper develops an optimal agricultural irrigation system based on a wireless sensor network (WSN) for use in smart agriculture. The aim is to design and develop a control system that makes use ...of button sensors in a crop field with data management carried out via a web application. The three components of the system are the hardware, a capacitive soil moisture sensor, and a web application. The first component is designed and implemented as a connected control hardware box to collect crop data. The second component is a soil moisture sensor used for field monitoring, connected to the control box. Its novel feature is the moisture sensor probe designed to connect directly to the ESP8266-12F microcontroller instead of using the TLC555 IC as a traditional sensor. The final ingredient is used primarily to control crop watering via a web application, which offers the user automatic or manual control. The automatic control function uses data from the soil moisture sensor to generate a watering schedule. Comparing the two sensors' soil moisture levels reveals approximately equal accuracy even during structural analysis and real experiments. The system proposed in this work is developed in the context of promoting digital innovation in agriculture.
This study aims to disclose and compare meat consumer segments in Switzerland and Vietnam, which differ in terms of their socioeconomic and cultural settings (the former is a developed country, and ...the latter is an emerging one) to develop a set of segment-specific recommendations that might be applied to consumption in comparable contexts, that is, in other developed countries and other emerging economies.
Data were collected through two online surveys: one for Swiss residents from randomly selected households and one for Vietnamese urban residents recruited via snowball sampling. The final sample size was
= 643 for Switzerland and
= 616 for Vietnam. Hierarchical cluster analyses followed by K-means cluster analyses revealed five distinct clusters in both countries.
Three clusters were common to both countries: meat lovers (21% in Switzerland and 19% in Vietnam), proactive consumers (22% in Switzerland and 14% in Vietnam) and suggestible consumers (19% in Switzerland and 25% in Vietnam). Two were specific to each country, namely traditional (19%) and basic (21%) consumers in Switzerland and confident (16%) and anxious (26%) consumers in Vietnam.
Relying on voluntary actions, nudging techniques, private initiatives and consumers' sense of responsibility will certainly be useful but will nevertheless be insufficient to achieve a planetary health diet within the given timeframe (the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development). Governments will have no choice but to activate all levers within their sphere of influence - including regulatory measures - and oblige private sector actors to commit to the measures imposed on them. A binding international agenda with common objectives and measures is a judicious approach. Unlike most previous studies, which focused on meat consumption intensity and frequency or diet type to segment consumers, our approach, based on psychographic profiles, allows the identification of segments that share common drivers and barriers and thus the development of better-targeted measures to reduce meat consumption.
Abstract
Background
An endotracheal tube cuff pressure between 20 and 30 cmH2O is recommended to prevent ventilator-associated respiratory infection (VARI). We aimed to evaluate whether continuous ...cuff pressure control (CPC) was associated with reduced VARI incidence compared with intermittent CPC.
Methods
We conducted a multicenter open-label randomized controlled trial in intensive care unit (ICU) patients within 24 hours of intubation in Vietnam. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive either continuous CPC using an automated electronic device or intermittent CPC using a manually hand-held manometer. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of VARI, evaluated by an independent reviewer blinded to the CPC allocation.
Results
We randomized 600 patients; 597 received the intervention or control and were included in the intention to treat analysis. Compared with intermittent CPC, continuous CPC did not reduce the proportion of patients with at least one episode of VARI (74/296 25% vs 69/301 23%; odds ratio OR 1.13; 95% confidence interval CI .77–1.67. There were no significant differences between continuous and intermittent CPC concerning the proportion of microbiologically confirmed VARI (OR 1.40; 95% CI .94–2.10), the proportion of intubated days without antimicrobials (relative proportion RP 0.99; 95% CI .87–1.12), rate of ICU discharge (cause-specific hazard ratio HR 0.95; 95% CI .78–1.16), cost of ICU stay (difference in transformed mean DTM 0.02; 95% CI −.05 to .08, cost of ICU antimicrobials (DTM 0.02; 95% CI −.25 to .28), cost of hospital stay (DTM 0.02; 95% CI −.04 to .08), and ICU mortality risk (OR 0.96; 95% CI .67–1.38).
Conclusions
Maintaining CPC through an automated electronic device did not reduce VARI incidence.
Clinical Trial Registration
NCT02966392.
The results of this randomised controlled trial demonstrate that continuous endotracheal cuff pressure control using an electronic automated device does not reduce the occurrence of ventilator-associated respiratory infection (VARI) in intubated patients compared with intermittent control.
Asymptomatic leishmaniasis is believed to play important role in maintaining the transmission of Leishmania spp. within endemic communities. Therefore, the efforts to eliminate leishmaniasis are ...daunting if we cannot manage asymptomatic leishmaniasis well. To clarify the global prevalence and factors associated with the asymptomatic Leishmania infection, we assessed the prevalence of asymptomatic leishmaniasis by a systematic review followed by meta-analyses. In addition, factors associated with the asymptomatic leishmaniasis versus symptomatic were also analyzed. We included all of the original articles alluding to the human asymptomatic leishmaniasis that was confirmed by at least one laboratory diagnosis method regardless of age, sex, race, and ethnicity of the patients, study design, publication date or languages. In total, 111 original articles were chosen for the data extraction. Based on our meta-analyses of the original articles reporting asymptomatic leishmaniasis mostly in endemic areas, the prevalence of asymptomatic leishmaniasis was 11.2% 95% confidence interval (CI) 8.6%‐14.4% in general population, 36.7% 95% CI 27.6%‐46.8% in inhabitants living in the same or neighboring household to the symptomatic patients, and 11.8% 95% CI 7.1%-19% in HIV infected patients. Among individuals with leishmaniasis, 64.9% 95% CI 54.7%-73.9% were asymptomatic and males were more susceptible to develop symptoms, with OR=1.88, 95% CI 1.19-2.99, P=0.007. Meta-regression analysis showed no significant change in the prevalence of asymptomatic leishmaniasis during the last 40 years.
Display omitted
•Prevalence of asymptomatic leishmaniasis is 11.2% mostly in endemic area.•Among the Leishmania infected individuals 64.9% are asymptomatic.•Male are more susceptible to develop symptomatic disease.•Trends of infection is unchanged in last 40 years.
The sterilization effectiveness of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) replaced common disinfectants such as mercury chloride (HgCl
2
) or calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)
2
) on different explants ...(petioles—P, inflorescence—F and stem nodes—S) of ex vitro tuberous begonias (
Begonia × tuberhybrida
Voss) was investigated. Subsequently, the P, F and S explants were cut transversely into thin cell layer (tTCL) approximately 1 mm in length (P-tTCL, F-tTCL and S-tTCL) and cultured on SE induction medium in order to investigate the effect of disinfectants on somatic embryogenesis, somatic embryo morphology, antioxidant activity (Catalase—CAT and Ascorbate Peroxidase—APX), and carbohydrate content (sugar and starch) of somatic embryos and their subsequent growth. The results showed that CuNPs can replace HgCl
2
and Ca(ClO)
2
and are effective in surface disinfection of P, F and S explants. CuNPs enhanced embyrogenic callus and somatic embryogenesis of treated explants compared to those on HgCl
2
and Ca(ClO)
2
. CuNP-treated F-tTCL and S-tTCL explants recorded the highest number of somatic embryos (38.00–36.67 embryos, respectively) as well as the percentage of somatic embryos in cotyledon-shape (47.37–49.09%, respectively). Moreover, the antioxidant enzyme activity (CAT and APX) and starch content of somatic embryo clusters derived from CuNPs-treated F-tTCL and S-tTCL explants were higher and the sugar content was lower as compared to those sterilizated with HgCl
2
or Ca(ClO)
2
. Plantlets derived from different different disinfectant treatments showed no difference in morphology, in vitro rooting and acclimatization stages in the greenhouse.
Key message
Surface disinfection efficiency of CuNPs on ex vitro begonia explants compared to those of common disinfectants.
CuNPs effected on somatic embryogenesis, antioxidant activity, carbohydrate content.
•Hepatitis B surface antigen was measured by two tests from representative samples.•Rapid diagnosic test and dried blood spot-based immunoassay had a high agreement.•Rapid diagnosic test is less ...costly, but dried blood spot test allows testing for multiple diseases.•The cost and advantages of each testing method should be considered.
This study aimed to determine the agreement between a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and a dried blood spot (DBS)-based electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) of hepatitis B surface antigen and to compare the costs of conducting serosurveys using RDTs and DBS in a field setting.
A serosurvey was conducted in the South Central Coast region of Vietnam in May 2019. Participants aged 1-39 years were recruited using a four-stage random sampling method and tested for hepatitis B surface antigen using an RDT kit (Alere Determine) and a DBS-based ECLIA. The agreement between the RDT and the DBS-based ECLIA was assessed using cross-tabulation and Cohen kappa. Cost data were categorized by input (personnel, transportation, field consumables, laboratory consumables, and capital item/overhead) and survey phase (survey preparation, data/biospecimen collection, laboratory testing, and coordination).
A total of 2072 participants were analyzed. There was a 99% agreement between the RDT and the DBS-based ECLIA results, with a Cohen kappa of 0.9. The estimated cost of conducting a serosurvey by DBS was UD $75,291, whereas RDT was $53,182.
RDTs and DBS-based ECLIA provide test results with high agreements. RDTs are a better option in terms of cost, whereas the DBS-based ECLIA may be useful when evaluating multiple infectious diseases.
This study aims to reveal the relationship between personality characteristics and verbal or physical aggression in Vietnamese adolescents.
We recruited 3003 participants 1498 boys (49.9%) and 1505 ...girls (50.1%); mean age ± SD = 13.50 ± 0.936 who we tested with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Brief version (EPQ-BV), and Vietnamese Aggression Scale (VAS). A multivariate analysis of variance test, Pearson Correlation, and analyzing mediating variable interaction is used to analyze data.
The findings suggested a significant interaction between personality traits, specifically extraversion and neuroticism, and physical aggression, verbal aggression, and anger. Students with higher levels of personality had higher levels of verbal aggression, and students with higher levels of physical aggression and anger had stronger personality traits than others and lower levels of physical aggression and anger. Personality traits, specifically extraversion, and neuroticism, differed significantly by gender and school years in adolescence. Mediation analysis revealed a positive and statistically significant indirect correlation between personality traits and physically aggressive behavior, with anger as a mediator. Similarly, a positive and statistically significant indirect correlation between personality traits and verbally aggressive behavior through anger was found. The relationship between personality traits and physical aggression was also significant via verbal aggression and anger.
This study improved our understanding of personality traits and verbal or physical aggression. Most crucially, physical and verbal aggression mediate personality traits and aggressive conduct. In secondary school, gender and school year affected extraversion and neuroticism. This discovery illuminates personality-based aggressiveness intervention.
Cyanides, which are extremely toxic chemicals that are rapidly absorbed into the human body and interact with cytochrome oxidase, strongly inhibit cellular respiration to body death with convulsions. ...Cyanide ions that exist in many forms in nature such as those found in apricot kernels, cassava roots, and bamboo shoots as cyanogenic glycosides are inevitably used in various industries, including gold and silver mining as well as in dyes and plastic industries. In this study, for the sake of developing ultrahigh-sensitive sensors for cyanide monitoring in a simple manner, we chemically synthesize Aucore–Agshell hybrid nanomaterials of different core/shell thicknesses for colorimetric sensors and fiber optical sensors. Their sensing principle relies on the formation of the Ag/Au cyanocomplex upon cyanide injection. The generated metal cyanocomplex induced changes in refractive indices, causing changes in properties of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), i.e., optical absorbance change for the colorimetric sensors. For fiber optical sensors, the hybrid metal nanoparticles were immobilized on the fiber core surface and the metal cyanocomplex formation induced changes in the fiber cladding refractive index, enabling quantitative cyanide detection with ultrahigh sensitivity. The LSPR-based colorimetric sensor provided the lowest detectable cyanide concentration of 5 × 10–6 M, whereas the value for the fiber-based sensor was 8 × 10–11 M.
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