The ‘Menglina Leddy’ lily cultivar was selected from the
Lilium longiflorum
Thunb. ‘White Fox’ γ-rays irradiation line. It produces much less pollen than ‘White Fox’ but has similar morphology ...traits. In order to reveal the effects of gamma irradiations on the chromosomes, mitosis, and meiosis in ‘Menglina Leddy’ cells were investigated by fluorescence in situ hybridization using rDNA and telomeric repeat probes. Although both ‘Menglina Leddy’ and ‘White Fox’ had 24 chromosomes, a considerable amount of chromosomal breaking and rejoining were detected in the former. A super long and two super small chromosomes appeared in all the ‘Menglina Leddy’ cells. Meiotic abnormalities occurred at each separation stage. Chromosomes pairing configuration showed that complex recombination had happened in ‘Menglina Leddy’. The super long chromosome was a Robertsonian translocation product composed of two non-homologous long arms. The chromosome deletions and recombinations did not affect the main ornamental traits, but allowed it to acquire the characteristic of less pollen.
Abstract Sorafenib is the approved systemic drug of choice for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but has demonstrated limited benefits because of drug resistance. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2) has ...been shown to be a promising anticancer drug against various types of cancers and acts by dysregulating hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1. Hypoxic cancer cells are extremely resistant to therapies since they elicit strong survival ability due to the cellular adaptive response to hypoxia, which is controlled by HIF-1 and HIF-2. The present study has demonstrated that sorafenib downregulated the expression of HIF-1α, making the hypoxic response switch from HIF-1α- to HIF-2α-dependent pathways, resulting in upregulation of HIF-2α, which contributes to the insensitivity of hypoxic HCC cells to sorafenib. HIF-2α played a dominant role in regulating VEGF, thus sorafenib in turn increased the expression of VEGF (a downstream molecule of both HIF-1 and HIF-2) and cyclin D1 (a downstream molecule of HIF-2), but reduced the expression of LDHA (a downstream molecule of HIF-1), in hypoxic HCC cells. 2ME2 significantly reduced the expression of both HIF-1α and HIF-2α, and their downstream molecules, VEGF, LDHA and cyclin D1, rendering hypoxic HCC cells to increased sensitivity to 2ME2. 2ME2 also inhibited the nuclear translocation of HIF-1α and HIF-2α proteins, but had no effect on their mRNA expression. 2M2 synergized with sorafenib to suppress the proliferation and induction of apoptosis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo , and inhibited tumoral angiogenesis. These results indicate that 2ME2 given in combination with sorafenib acts synergistically for treating HCC.
The special rotor structure of the axial permanent magnet (PM) bearingless flywheel machine (APM-BFM) makes its critical speed more easily affected at high speed, but there are few studies on its ...rotor dynamics, especially under load conditions. In the paper, the model analysis study of the APM-BFM is carried out. First, the mechanism model of APM-BFM is used to explain its structure and its system is analyzed in conjunction with the experimental prototype. The rotor centroid deviates from the center of rotation due to rotor eccentricity, which is an important reason for the serious complex vibration. Then, the rotor mode principle is explained from the mechanism model. To be more specific, the finite element method and the analytical technique are used to compare and check the accuracy of the finite element method model analysis. After that, the rotor model is simulated and studied. Finally, the influence of bearing stiffness, gyro effect and flywheel load on critical speed is analyzed, which provides theoretical basis for high-speed and stable machine control.
Poplar was one of the first woody species whose individual chromosomes could be identified using chromosome specific painting probes. Nevertheless, high-resolution karyotype construction remains a ...challenge. Here, we developed a karyotype based on the meiotic pachytene chromosome of Populus simonii which is a Chinese native species with many excellent traits. This karyotype was anchored by oligonucleotide (oligo)-based chromosome specific painting probes, a centromere-specific repeat (Ps34), ribosomal DNA, and telomeric DNA. We updated the known karyotype formula for P. simonii to 2n = 2x = 38 = 26m + 8st + 4t and the karyotype was 2C. The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results revealed some errors in the current P. simonii genome assembly. The 45S rDNA loci were located at the end of the short arm of chromosomes 8 and 14 by FISH. However, they were assembled on pseudochromosomes 8 and 15. In addition, the Ps34 loci were distributed in every centromere of the P. simonii chromosome in the FISH results, but they were only found to be present in pseudochromosomes 1, 3, 6, 10, 16, 17, 18, and 19. Our results reveal that pachytene chromosomes oligo-FISH is a powerful tool for constructing high-resolution karyotypes and improving the quality of genome assembly.
X-ray-responsive nanocarriers for anticancer drug delivery have shown great promise for enhancing the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy. A critical challenge remains for development of such ...radiation-controlled drug delivery systems (DDSs), which is to minimize the required X-ray dose for triggering the cargo release. Herein, we design and fabricate an effective DDS based on diselenide block copolymers (as nanocarrier), which can be triggered to release their cargo with a reduced radiation dose of 2 Gy due to their sensitivity to both X-ray and the high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the microenvironment of cancer cells. The underlying molecular mechanism is further illustrated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In vivo experiments on tumor-bearing mice validated that the loaded drugs are effectively delivered to the tumor site and exert remarkable antitumor effects (minimum tumor volume/weight) along with X-ray. Furthermore, the diselenide nanocarriers exhibit no noticeable cytotoxicity. These findings provide new insights for the de novo design of radiation-controlled DDSs for cancer chemoradiotherapy.
The aim of this study was to detect SNPs in myostatin (MSTN) gene of four goat breeds, and analyze the correlation of these markers on body measurement traits in the Dazu black goat breed. In total, ...twenty polymorphic sites were found in one hundred forty-eight individuals, and all SNPs were distributed in introns 1 and 2, except g. 425 C > T, which was found in the regulatory region. Three SNPs (g. 2732 C > T, g. 2752 G > A and g. 4552 A > C) were polymorphic in all four breeds. None of the tag SNPs (g. 425 C > T, g. 1583 A > G, 2732 C > T, g. 4552 A > C and g. 5167 C > T) were significantly correlated with body measurement traits (p > 0.05) in the Dazu black goat. However, individuals with genotype combination 3 (GtC 3) of tag SNPs had higher birth weight and weaning weight than individuals with the other genotype combinations (p < 0.05). Moreover, the genotype combination 4 (GtC 4) was significantly associated with body length and height at the age of 2 months (p < 0.05), and genotype combination 13 (GtC 13) was significantly correlated with body height at 6 months (p < 0.05). Briefly, the combined tag SNP markers might be useful for goat marker-associated selective breeding.
Cattle are the main source of meat in Chongqing. This study investigated the genetic diversity of cattle native to Chongqing and 4 introduced breeds. A total of 96 individuals from 5 breeds were ...genotyped using six microsatellite markers. Five markers were highly polymorphic within the breed populations, and one marker had moderate levels of polymorphism. Heterozygosity ranged from 0.5379±0.0434 in Simmental to 0.6667±0.0559 in Charolais. The heterozygosity deficit was significant in all populations analyzed compared with the expected level of heterozygosity. In addition, two microsatellite markers (TGLA53 and OarFCB20) deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium across populations (except in cattle native to Chongqing). The mean number of alleles ranged from 6.00±2.37 in Angus to 7.17±2.14 in Droughtmaster across six markers. The coefficient of inbreeding ranged from 0.0017 in Simmental and Droughtmaster to 0.0367 in Angus. Pairwise difference analyses revealed that Simmental and Droughtmaster were the most differentiated (FST= 0.06861) from each other, whereas cattle native to Chongqing and Charolais were the least differentiated (FST= 0.00557). In summary, this study showed that cattle native to Chongqing and 4 introduced breeds were genetically well protected in Chongqing, and information from this study would be helpful for guiding hybridization and genetic improvements in the future.
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•Novel triazoles containing benzyloxy phenyl isoxazole side chain were designed and synthesized.•All compounds exhibited moderate to excellent in vitro antifungal activities against ...eight pathogenic fungi.•Compounds 13, 20 and 27 displayed outstanding potency against drug-resistant Candida auris isolates.•The most active compound 13 showed excellent in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity.•Compound 13 showed low inhibition of human CYP450 enzymes and good safety profiles.
As a continuation study, 29 novel triazoles containing benzyloxy phenyl isoxazole side chain were designed and synthesized based on our previous work. The majority of the compounds exhibited high potency in vitro antifungal activities against eight pathogenic fungi. The most active compounds 13, 20 and 27 displayed outstanding antifungal activity with MIC values ranging from <0.008 µg/mL to 1 µg/mL, and showed potent activity against six drug-resistant Candida auris isolates. Growth curve assays further confirmed the high potency of these compounds. Moreover, compounds 13, 20 and 27 showed a potent inhibitory activity on biofilm formation of C. albicans SC5314 and C. neoformans H99. Notably, compound 13 showed no inhibition of human CYP1A2 and low inhibitory activity against CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, suggesting a low risk of drug-drug interactions. With high potency in vitro and in vivo and good safety profiles, compound 13 will be further investigated as a promising candidate.
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging technology has been applied to the status monitoring of power transmission line and equipment as its continuous and narrow-band induction characteristics, which ...provides a solution for the operation monitoring of lossless large-area power equipment. However, the optical and electronic equipment is complex, and the related products are large and expensive on the market. This paper describes a preparation method of a linear gradient filter that is cost performance and miniaturization, which can be used to realize the prototype hyper-spectral imaging camera. The high precision preparation process and principle make the camera show good spectral performance, which can scan with precision step length of 2nm between 400nm and 1000nm. The feature extraction and classification algorithm can be used to determine the health conditions of power equipment, such as partial discharge, with an accuracy of about 77%. The equipment collocation algorithm can also be used to identify defects in power equipment, which has been proved to be able to distinguish between aging insulators, icing of conductors and heating of wire clips. This method are promising for an entry-level, low-cost hyper-spectral imaging solution for power detection applications.
Abstract
Due to the inaccuracy of the existing fault detection method caused by the overheating of the equipment of the long-spanning overhead transmission line, this paper creatively proposes a ...detection method of the reversible thermochromic organic thin film material HCBCC which can be deposited on the equipment or hardware of the transmission line based on the electron transfer mechanism. In this method, the film material made with five components in accordance with the optimal ratio was named HCBCC film, and the coloration performance of the material was determined by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, temperature variable infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and other characterization methods. Then, its durability was verified through environmental tests such as high and low temperature, rain and snow, wind and sand, and aging. HCBCC material has the advantages of easy observation, fast color rendering and wide temperature range in the temperature indicator, which not only greatly reduces the intensity of inspection work for staff and can find fault points in time, but also saves a lot of time for the emergency repair of power equipment and provides guarantee for the safe and stable operation of power grid.
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