Codonopsis pilosula subsp. tangshen is one of the most important medicinal herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine. Correct identification of materials from C. pilosula subsp. tangshen is critical ...to ensure the efficacy and safety of the associated medicines. Traditional DNA molecular markers could distinguish Codonopsis species well, so we need to develop super or specific molecular markers. In this study, we reported the plastome of Codonopsis pilosula subsp. tangshen (Oliv.) D.Y. Hong conducted phylogenomic and comparative analyses in the Codonopsis genus for the first time. The entire length of the Codonopsis pilosula subsp. tangshen plastome was 170,672 bp. There were 108 genes in the plastome, including 76 protein-coding genes, 28 transfer RNA (tRNA), and four ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Comparative analysis indicated that Codonopsis pilosula subsp. tangshen had an unusual large inversion in the large single-copy (LSC) region compared with the other three Codonopsis species. And there were two dispersed repeat sequences at both ends of the inverted regions, which might mediate the generation of this inversion. We found five hypervariable regions among the four Codonopsis species. PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing experiments demonstrated that two hypervariable regions could distinguish three medicinal Codonopsis species. Results obtained from this study will support taxonomic classification, discrimination, and molecular evolutionary studies of Codonopsis species.
In this study, silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) is selected as the base polymer to derive a SiOC ceramic (PDC) matrix, and four transition metals M (M = Ni, Mo, Co, and Zr) are individually introduced into ...the SiOC base to form various SiOC/M systems. SiOC‐Ni, SiOC‐MoCx, and SiOC‐CoSix are obtained by pyrolysis at 1100°C, whereas SiOC‐ZrOx forms upon pyrolysis at 1400°C. The selected SiOC/M systems encompass four different types of phase separation pathways—pure metal, metal carbide, metal silicide, and metal oxide (SiC‐SiO2‐C‐Ni, SiC‐SiO2‐C‐MoCx, SiC‐SiO2‐C‐CoSix, and SiC‐SiO2‐C‐ZrOx). The driving force for crystallization has been analyzed using a Gibbs free energy minimization method and phase fractions of these different PDC systems are calculated based on the lever rule. This work also reveals the energetics related to the quaternary systems and provides guidance to synthesizing metal‐containing PDCs with desired phase contents. In addition, we have examined the broad applicability of the phase content prediction method for a variety of other SiOC/M systems.
In this paper, we present a new logarithmic pixel design currently under development at New Imaging Technologies SA (NIT). This new logarithmic pixel design uses charge domain logarithmic signal ...compression and charge-transfer-based signal readout. This structure gives a linear response in low light conditions and logarithmic response in high light conditions. The charge transfer readout efficiently suppresses the reset (KTC) noise by using true correlated double sampling (CDS) in low light conditions. In high light conditions, thanks to charge domain logarithmic compression, it has been demonstrated that 3000 electrons should be enough to cover a 120 dB dynamic range with a mobile phone camera-like signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) over the whole dynamic range. This low electron count permits the use of ultra-small floating diffusion capacitance (sub-fF) without charge overflow. The resulting large conversion gain permits a single photon detection capability with a wide dynamic range without a complex sensor/system design. A first prototype sensor with 320 × 240 pixels has been implemented to validate this charge domain logarithmic pixel concept and modeling. The first experimental results validate the logarithmic charge compression theory and the low readout noise due to the charge-transfer-based readout.
Tourism resources excellent area and non-excellent area are relative and can be transformed into each other. The universality of the non-excellent areas determines that it is an inevitable trend to ...develop it under the current conditions of the times. This paper summarizes the research results of domestic and foreign scholars on the non-optimal tourism resources, analyzes the definition and characteristics of non-optimal tourism resources, and summarizes the current development model of non-optimal tourism resources. At the same time, this paper conducts in-depth and detailed research on the development strategy of tourism resources in non-optimal areas in conjunction with the actual situation. Firstly, the external and internal environmental conditions are analyzed, the current development trend of the tourism market is sorted out, then the tourism resources are classified and organized, and profound comparative analysis and evaluation of tourism resources are made from the perspective of dynamic changes of geographical resources. At the same time, the tourism resources are comprehensively evaluated by expert scoring method, and the range of non-excellent areas of tourism resources is established from the perspective of dynamic changes of geographical resources. Next, then through quantitative analysis, various favorable and unfavorable factors in the process of tourism development are objectively summarized. Finally, the strategies of tourism micro-development are proposed from different perspectives, and some specific initiatives to achieve the micro-strategic goals. Combined with the theories related to non-optimal tourism resources, this paper argues that the micro-development of non-optimal tourism strategies can be carried out by establishing government-led mechanisms, preparing tourism integrated planning, implementing dependent and cooperative development strategies, improving tourism product systems, promoting tourism supply-side reform, and innovating promotional and marketing means, to realize the transformation from non-optimal tourism resources to optimal areas. This research paper not only enriches the theoretical research system of tourism resources non-excellent area but also has some practical guidance significance for the micro-development of tourism resources non-excellent area.
La scrittura accademica fa parte di quell’importante competenza che Jim Cummins definisce Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency. A confermare tale importanza sono numerosi lavori di taglio sia ...teorico che applicativo destinati ad apprendenti d’italiano, ma soprattutto a studenti di madrelingua. Il presente contributo si propone di analizzare la scrittura accademica negli apprendenti sinofoni, con particolare riferimento all’uso della citazione nelle produzioni degli apprendenti cinesi in L1 e L2 e, nello specifico, intende rispondere a tre quesiti di ricerca: 1. in che modo gli apprendenti citano rispettivamente in L1 e L2? 2. Dal momento che le citazioni possono avere funzioni diverse, tali funzioni si differenziano nelle produzioni degli apprendenti? Se sì, come? 3. Quali possibili suggerimenti didattici possono essere tratti per l’insegnamento della scrittura accademica a studenti sinofoni e non?
Teaching academic writing in Italian L2: citation practice
Academic writing is one of the important skills that Jim Cummins defines as Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency. To demonstrate its importance, numerous theoretical and applicative works are intended for learners of Italian, but especially for native speakers. This paper aims to analyze academic writing in Chinese students, with particular focus on the use of citation in the productions of Chinese students in FL and SL, and more specifically, it intends to answer the following three research questions: 1. How do learners cite in FL and SL respectively? 2. Since citations can have different functions, do these functions make a difference in students’ written productions? If yes, how? 3. What possible didactic suggestions can be drawn for teaching academic writing to Chinese and non-Chinese students?
Micro-/meso-porous ceramics with ultrahigh surface areas are highly desired in high-temperature applications. In this work, formation of porous silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) is studied based on ...perhydropolysilazane (PHPS) and polysiloxane (PSO) precursors. The PHPS can be chemically anchored to the PSO by hydrosilylation reaction, due to the extensive Si–H bonds from the PHPS. The presence of water vapor during pyrolysis not only accelerates the hydrolysis of the PHPS additive, but also facilitates the Si–O–Si bond formation within the SiOC. The resulting SiOC material has the highest specific surface area (SSA) of ~2000 m2/g with an average pore size of 1.72 nm. The effects of the PHPS additive on the phase evolution and the resulting porous SiOC after hydrogen fluoride (HF) etching are investigated. 3D view of pore distributions qualitatively illustrates the PHPS effect on the SiO2 nanocluster formation in the SiOC. The difference between the experimental and calculated SSAs is explained based on the etchability and wall thickness of the SiO2 domains.
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•PHPS can be anchored to PSO and facilitate the Si–O–Si bond formation in SiOC.•Effects of PHPS addition on phase evolution of porous SiOC are investigated.•An ultrahigh surface area of ~2000 m2/g and a pore size of 1.72 nm are achieved.•A model is used to calculate domain wall thickness and pore distribution in SiOC.
The synergistically enhanced polyurethane (PU) composites, in which the cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) was incorporated, were in situ polymerized and then the increasingly closer grid network structures ...for PU/CNC composites were achieved by adjusting chain extenders and adding different low contents of CNC, due to the introduction of different hard segments or the evolution of spherulites. As a result, the onset of the light transmission of PU elastomers and CNC‐filled composites showed an obvious red shift from UV light to visible light region, which meant that all UV light regions could be shielded entirely. Therefore, compared with Rhodamine B in water solution unprotected, the excellent UV‐light shielding was further verified by the inefficient photodegradation of Rhodamine B in water solution protected by PU‐PDA, PU‐BDI or PU‐PDA/CNC films under UV‐light irradiation. Meanwhile, enhanced light shielding behavior for PU‐PDA composites was observed with adding the CNC fillers. Moreover, the significantly enhanced mechanical properties were achieved, more than two or three times at elastic modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break. Finally, synergistically Enhanced mechanical properties in PU composites were found. Therefore, the study was of great significance in the potential light application.
The microstructure of PU with different extenders and CNC contents resulted in different light properties.
Acknowledging the associated risk factors may have a positive impact on reducing the incidence of ectopic pregnancy (EP). In recent years, body mass index (BMI) has been mentioned in research. ...However, few studies are available and controversial on the relationship between EP and BMI.
We retrospectively studied the EP women as a case group and the deliveries as a control group in the central hospital of Wuhan during 2017 ~ 2021. χ
test of variables associated with ectopic pregnancy was performed to find differences. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the association of the variables of age, parity, history of induced abortion, history of ectopic pregnancy, history of spontaneous abortion, history of appendectomy surgery and BMI (< 18.5 kg/m
, 18.5 ~ 24.9 kg/m
, 25 kg/m
~ 29.9 kg/m
, ≥ 30 kg /m
) with EP.
They were 659 EP and 1460 deliveries. The variables of age, parity, history of induced abortion, history of ectopic pregnancy and BMI were different significantly(P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the variables of age > 35 years old (OR (Odds Ratio), 5.415; 95%CI (Confidence Interval), 4.006 ~ 7.320, P < 0.001, history of ectopic pregnancy (OR, 3.944; 95%CI, 2.405 ~ 6.467; P < 0.001), history of induced abortion(OR, 3.365; 95%CI, 2.724 ~ 4.158, P < 0.001) and low BMI (< 18.5 kg/m
) (OR, 1.929; 95%CI, 1.416 ~ 2.628, P < 0.001)increased the risk of EP.
The history of ectopic pregnancy, history of induced abortion and age > 35 years old were the risk factors with EP. In addition to these traditional factors, we found low BMI (< 18.5 kg/m
) with women may increase the risk to EP.
In this study, novel ferromagnetic Ni‐containing silicon oxycarbide (SiOC–Ni) was successfully fabricated from a base polysiloxane (PSO) with the addition of nickel 2,4‐pentanedionate. The resultant ...SiOC–Ni nanocomposite consists of in situ formed Ni nanocrystallites with a small amount of NiO uniformly dispersed in the amorphous SiOC matrix, and the corresponding nanocrystallite size increases with the increase of the pyrolysis temperature. The formation of nickel silicides (NixSiy) is completely suppressed by the effect of water vapor during the pyrolysis. The fundamental phase evolution process and mechanisms are explained. In an argon atmosphere, the SiOC–Ni materials pyrolyzed at 900°C are stable up to 1000°C with less than 6 wt% weight loss; they exhibit desirable electrical conductivity up to ~900°C with the highest electrical conductivity at ~247 S/m. This series of SiOC–Ni materials also demonstrates exciting ferromagnetic behaviors. Their new semiconducting behavior with soft ferromagnetism presents promising application potentials for magnetic sensors, transformers, actuators, etc.
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