The aim of the study is to explore nonlinear mixed convection flow of nanomaterials (Prandtl–Eyring nanoliquid) with activation energy. Analysis of cross-diffusion (Soret and Dufour) impacts is ...addressed. Features of nanoliquid are analysed with thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion. Consideration of proper variables yields ordinary differential equations. Relevant system is tackled via numerical scheme. Significant outcomes are depicted graphically and elaborated in the relevance of sundry variables. Moreover, analysis of temperature and velocity gradients at the surface versus various variables of interest is tabulated and inspected.
The main objective of the present study is to explore the effects of electromagnetohydrodynamics electroosmotic flow of hybrid nanofluid through circular cylindrical microchannels. An analysis of ...hybrid nanofluid consisting of four different nanomaterials i.e., single and multiwall carbon nanotubes, silver, and copper is carried out. Yamada-Ota model is employed for the single and multi wall carbon nanotubes, whereas, Xue model is used for the Silver and Copper hybrid nanofluid for specifying the thermal conductivity. The imposed pressure gradient, electromagnetic field and electroosmosis actuated the fluid flow. The flow of heat transfer and Nusselt number with the account of various effects of Joule heating and viscous dissipation under the circumstances of constant heat flux are discussed graphically. The governing system of equations is molded into a system of coupled, nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The shooting technique is used to extract the numerical solutions of the converted system of equations. Also, the outturn of different parameters like Hartman number, the strength of lateral direction electric field, EDL (electric double layer) electrokinetic width, Joule heating parameters on the temperature, and velocity are investigated. The conversion of simple fluid to hybrid nanofluid has greatly alteration in the present model. It has enhanced the thermal properties of fluid. It is also noted that Formula: see text based hybrid nanofluid has most influential impact on Nusselt number, temperature distribution and velocity of the fluid. This attempt is useful for the designing of effectual electromagnetic appliances and exquisite.
This study presents a novel application of soft-computing through intelligent, neural networks backpropagated by Levenberg-Marquardt scheme (NNs-BLMS) to solve the mathematical model of unsteady thin ...film flow of magnetized Maxwell fluid with thermo-diffusion effects and chemical reaction (TFFMFTDECR) over a horizontal rotating disk. The expression for thermophoretic velocity is accounted. Energy expression is deliberated with the addition of non-uniform heat source. The PDEs of mathematical model of TFFMFTDECR are transformed to ODEs by the application of similarity transformations. A dataset is generated through Adams method for the proposed NNs-BLMS in case of various scenarios of TFFMFTDECR model by variation of rotation parameter, magnetic parameter, space dependent heat sink/source parameter, temperature dependent heat sink/source parameter and chemical reaction controlling parameter. The designed computational solver NNs-BLMS is implemented by performing training, testing and validation for the solution of TFFMFTDECR system for different variants. Variation of various physical parameters are designed via plots and explain in details. It is depicted that thin film thickness increases for higher values of disk rotation parameter, while it diminishes for higher magnetic parameter. Furthermore, higher values of Dufour number and the corresponding diminishing values of Soret number causes enhancement in fluid temperature profile. Further the effectiveness of NNs-BLMS is validated by comparing the results of the proposed solver and the standard solution of TFFMFTDECR model through error analyses, histogram representations and regression analyses.
Abstract Current cross-sectional study was carried out between September 2019 to January 2020 at the Department of Pathology, Mardan Medical Complex (MMC), Mardan, and District Headquarter Hospital ...North Waziristan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. The objectives of the current study were to determine the prevalence of leishmaniasis and its associated risk factors in selected districts of KP province, Pakistan. Altogether, three hundred and seventy-four (n=374) leishmaniosis patients were included in the current study. Skin specimen from the ulcer border were collected. The slides were stained by Giemsa stain and examined for the presence of amastigote. The prevalence of leishmania infected patients in different region of KP were as follows: North Waziristan region 53.7 (n=201) District Mardan 34.7% (n=130); District Nowshera 6.7% (n=25), District Swabi 1.1% (n=4) and other Districts i.e. Dir, Malakand, Buner and Bajawarr were 3.7% (n=14). The frequency of leishmaniasis were more in male and majority of the infected patients were in the age group of <10 years. Among n=374 patients 95.7% (n= 358) had cutaneous leishmaniasis while 3% (n= 11) had mucocutaneous type of infection and 1.3% (n= 5) patients had both cutaneous and mucocutaneous infection. Upon treatment by Sodium stibogluconate (SSG) 97% (n=362) showed clinical signs of complete or partial recovery of their skin lesions. Conclusively, highest incidence of leishmania infection occurred during short study period and majority of the cases showed positive response to treatment.
Resumo O estudo transversal atual foi realizado entre setembro de 2019 e janeiro de 2020 no Departamento de Patologia Mardan Medical Complex (MMC), Mardan, e no District Headquarter Hospital North Waziristan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Paquistão. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram determinar a prevalência da leishmaniose e seus fatores de risco associados em distritos selecionados da província de KP, Paquistão. Ao todo, 374 (n = 374) pacientes com leishmaniose foram incluídos no presente estudo. Amostras de pele da borda da úlcera foram coletadas. As lâminas foram coradas pelo corante Giemsa e examinadas quanto à presença de amastigotas. As prevalências de pacientes infectados por leishmania em diferentes regiões de KP foram as seguintes: região do Waziristão Norte 53,7 (n = 201), distrito Mardan 34,7% (n = 130); distrito Nowshera 6,7% (n = 25), distrito Swabi 1,1% (n = 4) e outros distritos, ou seja, Dir, Malakand, Buner e Bajawarr foram 3,7% (n = 14). A frequência de leishmaniose foi maior no sexo masculino e a maioria dos pacientes infectados estava na faixa etária < 10 anos. Entre n = 374 pacientes, 95,7% (n = 358) tinham leishmaniose cutânea enquanto 3% (n = 11) tinham infecção do tipo mucocutâneo e 1,3% (n = 5) pacientes tinham infecção cutânea e mucocutânea. Após tratamento com estibogluconato de sódio (SSG), 97% (n = 362) apresentaram sinais clínicos de recuperação completa ou parcial de suas lesões cutâneas. Conclusivamente, a maior incidência de infecção por leishmania ocorreu durante o curto período de estudo e a maioria dos casos apresentou resposta positiva ao tratamento.
The assessment of the comparative effect of biosal (phytopesticide), deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin (pyrethroids) were made against two fodder pests, Hermolaus modestus and Hermolaus ocimumi by ...filter paper impregnation method. The activity of total protein contents, GPT (glutamic-pyruvic transaminase) and GOT (glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase) were affected in Hermolaus modestus and Hermolaus ocimumi against biosal, deltamethrin, and lambda cyhalothrin. The activity of total protein contents in H. modestus was 31.053%, 4.607%, and 24.575%, against biosal, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively. The activity of total protein contents was observed as 24.202%, 15.25%, and 56.036% against deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and biosal, respectively in H. ocimumi. The activity of GOT was observed as 98.675% for biosal 33.95% for deltamethrin and 83.619% for lambda-cyhalothrin in H. modestus. The GOT activity was estimated in H. ocimumi as 78.831%, 47.645%, and 71.287% against biosal, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively. The efficacy of GPT enzyme against biosal, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin was calculated as 89.26%, 73.07%, and 47.58%, respectively in H. modestus. The H. ocimumi showed GPT activity as 77.58% for biosal, 68.84% for deltamethrin, and 52.67% for lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively.
Soybean meal is an inexpensive plant origin protein which has been used in practical diets as a replacement of animal protein such as fish meal or chicken meal, due to the uneconomical price of ...animal protein diets. Consequently, a research study was conducted on some commercial species of Indian major carps i.e. Catla (Cattla cattla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigala (Cirhinus mrigala) (Hamilton, 1822) to estimate optimum dietary protein requirement of soy bean meal in diet in an intensive polyculture. Three different diets (SBM I, SBM II and SBM III) were formulated by 80%, 50% and 20% replacement of fish meal with soybean meal from a 45% fish meal diet (control).Highest monthly mean weight gain was obtained by SBM II (with 35% CP and about 50% substitution of fish meal), while SBM III (45% Crude Protein and about 20% substitution of fish meal) was stood second. All tested diets respond enormously by producing high yield as compare to control diet, though SBM II generated highest yield among all. On the bases of the following research, it was revealed that the SBM can surrogate even50% fish meal without any augmentation of other amino acids in the diet of Indian major carps.
This article presents a fuzzy fractional-order PID (FFOPID) controller scheme for a pneumatic pressure regulating system. The industrial pneumatic pressure systems are having strong dynamic and ...nonlinearity characteristics; further, these systems come across frequent load variations and external disturbances. Hence, for the smooth and trouble-free operation of the industrial pressure system, an effective control mechanism could be adopted. The objective of this work is to design an intelligent fuzzy-based fractional-order PID control scheme to ensure a robust performance with respect to load variation and external disturbances. A novel model of a pilot pressure regulating system is developed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. Simulation studies are carried out in a delayed nonlinear pressure regulating system under different operating conditions using fractional-order PID (FOPID) controller with fuzzy online gain tuning mechanism. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed strategy and confirm the performance improvement for the pneumatic pressure system. To highlight the advantages of the proposed scheme a comparative study with conventional PID and FOPID control schemes is made.
This study aimed to compare the surface roughness, hardness, and flexure strength of interim indirect resin restorations fabricated with CAD-CAM (CC), 3D printing (3D), and conventional techniques ...(CV). Twenty disk (3 mm × Ø10 mm) and ten bar specimens (25 × 2 × 2 mm) were fabricated for the CC, 3D, and CV groups, to be used for surface roughness, micro-hardness, and flexural strength testing using standardized protocol. Three indentations for Vickers micro-hardness (VHN) were performed on each disk and an average was identified for each specimen. Surface micro-roughness (Ra) was calculated in micrometers (μm) using a 3D optical non-contact surface microscope. A three-point bending test with a universal testing machine was utilized for assessing flexural strength. The load was applied at a crosshead speed of 3 mm/min over a distance of 25 mm until fracture. Means and standard deviations were compared using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey–Kramer tests, and a p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Ra was significantly different among the study groups (p < 0.05). Surface roughness among the CC and CV groups was statistically comparable (p > 0.05). However, 3D showed significantly higher Ra compared to CC and CV samples (p < 0.05). Micro-hardness was significantly higher in 3D samples (p < 0.05) compared to CC and CV specimens. In addition, CC and CV showed comparable micro-hardness (p > 0.05). A significant difference in flexural strength was observed among the study groups (p < 0.05). CC and 3D showed comparable strength outcomes (p > 0.05), although CV specimens showed significantly lower (p < 0.05) strength compared to CC and 3D samples. The 3D-printed provisional restorative resins showed flexural strength and micro-hardness comparable to CAD-CAM fabricated specimens, and surface micro-roughness for printed specimens was considerably higher compared to CAD-CAM and conventional fabrication techniques.
This paper presents the fractional generalized q-deformed sinh-Gordon equation. The fractional effects of the temporal derivative of the proposed model are studied using a conformable derivative. The ...analytical solutions of the governing model depend on the specified parameters. The resulting equation is studied with two integration architectures: the sine-Gordon expansion method and the modified auxiliary equation method. These strategies extract hyperbolic, trigonometric, and rational form solutions. For appropriate parametric values and different values of fractional parameter α, the acquired findings are displayed via 3D graphics, 2D line plots, and contour plots. The graphical simulations of the constricted solutions depict the existence of bright soliton, dark soliton, and periodic waves. The considered model is useful in describing physical mechanisms that possess broken symmetry and incorporate effects such as amplification or dissipation.
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