Using corpus research methods, this study aims to establish whether there are two-item and, more generally, multi-item distant co-occurrence patterns of connectives in written Japanese, and further, ...to clarify the role these patterns play in discourse. The study is based on a hybrid corpus of written Japanese including Humanities and social science papers, Science and technology papers, and general written language data. The co-occurrence threshold was set at co-occurrence frequency > 10, PMI value > 2, and Dice coefficient > 0.01. The distribution of the observed co-occurring pairs differed according to the genre. Visualization of the connectivity potential of co-occurring pairs as directed graphs showed that these co-occurring pairs constitute longer co-occurrence chains which can be interpreted as ready-made co-occurrence patterns. Two-item and multi-item co-occurrence patterns are considered a type of Bourdieu’s habitus and contribute to both discourse development and discourse prediction.
Japanese language learners aim to acquire reading, listening, writing and speaking skills. We at the Hinoki project (https://hinoki-project.org/) have recently been working on the Natsume collocation ...search system (https://hinoki-project.org/natsume/), the Natane learner corpus to support Natsume (https://hinoki-project.org/natane/) and the Nutmeg writing support system (http://hinoki-project.org/nutmeg/). In order to test the effectiveness of Nutmeg, we conducted an online experiment with 36 participants who used the system's register misuse identification feature to correct four writing assignments. Results show that Nutmeg can be an effective tool in correcting common register-related errors, especially those involving auxiliary verbs. However, the accuracy of verb and adverb identification was too low, suggesting the need for improvements in the variety of corpora used for identifying register misuse.
In this report, we introduce the Hinoki project, which set out to develop web-based Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) systems for Japanese language learners more than a decade ago. Utilizing ...Natural Language Processing technologies and other linguistic resources, the project has come to encompass three systems, two corpora and many other resources. Beginning with the reading assistance system Asunaro, we describe the construction of Asunaro's multilingual dictionary and it's dependency grammar-based approach to reading assistance. The second system, Natsume, is a writing assistance system that uses large-scale corpora to provide an easy to use collocation search feature that is interesting for it's inclusion of the concept of genre. The final system, Nutmeg, is an extension of Natsume and the Natane learner corpus. It provides automatic correction of learners errors in compositions by using Natsume for its large corpus and genre-aware collocation data and Natane for its data on learner errors.
This paper is part of a larger research project aimed at building a composition support system for L2 Japanese learners writing academic reports, graduation theses, and academic papers. As an ...extension to previous research on conjunctive expressions, this research examines the cooccurrence relationship between conjunctive expressions and sentence-final modality forms using a variety of written corpora including research papers, textbooks, a subset of the Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese, and several academic learner corpora. First, we quantitatively analyze the cooccurrence distributions of conjunctive expression and sentence-final modality form pairs, and then extend the analysis to also include sentence-final modality forms from the preceding sentence. By focusing on the most salient and typical collocations using a combination of corpus-normalized frequencies, pointwise mutual information, and entropy, and observing them from the perspective of discourse analysis, we uncover the characteristics of discourse structure in the genre of academic writing and compare them with those of L2 learner academic writing. Through the process of identifying problems in the discourse structure of learner corpora compared to reference academic corpora, we aim to help learners write conjunctive expressions and sentence-final modality forms in the appropriate academic style.
「科学技術日本語」は、Japan as No.1と言われた1980年代、すなわち日本の経済発展隆盛期の技術・経済力を学ぼうとする世界の動きによって始まった。しかし現在の日本の現状はその勢いを失い、情勢の変化とともに日本語学習動機も変貌し、新しい需要に応える日本語教育の模索が必要となってきた。
本稿では「科学技術日本語」の研究を開始した当時に立ち戻って社会にお ...ける日本語学習の必要性と研究方法の選択を振り返る。当時、外国人による機械翻訳のための日本語読解のための文法辞書および最小限の漢字学習による論文読解の方法論が検討され、その後コンピュータの言語処理技術に
コーパス言語学が加わることで、大量の言語データを利用した読解支援および作文支援を開発することが可能になった。さらに分野別の特徴を知る 上で有効なレジスターという概念を取り入れることで、広い分野においてコーパス利用による教材および教育ツール開発の可能性があることを述べる。
Nastava tehničkoga japanskog jezika započela je 80-ih godina prošloga stoljeća kada je japansko gospodarstvo bilo u najvećem usponu. U to su vrijeme ljudi iz cijeloga svijeta, uključujući i SAD, željeli učiti o japanskoj tehnologiji i ekonomiji. Međutim, od 90-ih japanska ekonomska moć postupno opada pa se i entuzijazam smanjuje. Stoga je nastava japanskoga jezika morala krenuti drugim pravcima. Tijekom protekloga razdoblja stekli smo tehnologiju i metode za obradu jezika te smo u mogućnosti primijeniti te metode na nove žanrove. Danas su se medicinska
njega, turizam i drugi žanrovi pridružili žanru obrazovanja na japanskome jeziku. U radu se sagledava važnost izgradnje sustava jezične
podrške za pisanje japanskoga uz upotrebu akumuliranoga znanja o nastavnim metodama i tehnologiji u vremenima koja se mijenjaju. Zatim je
opisana mogućnost razvoja nastavnih materijala i alata korištenjem korpusa koji se tematski odnose na mnogobrojna područja, i to tako što će se uključiti koncept registra, koji je učinkovit za utvrđivanje značajki svakog od tih područja.
Technical Japanese language teaching started in the 1980s, when economy of Japan was in the most active condition. At this time people in the world including USA were eager to learn Japanese technology and economic power. However, since 1990s Japanese economic power has gradually declined, accordingly the enthusiasm became negative. Consequently Japanese language teaching had to change gears to different
directions.
During the period we have accumulated technology and method for language processing, thus we are able to apply those methods to new genres. Nowadays, medical care and tourism and other genres have become joining in Japanese language education genre. We recognize importance of
constructing language support systems for writing Japanese with accumulated knowhow of teaching methods and technology along the changing times. Furthermore, the possibility of developing teaching materials and tools by using corpora in a wide range of fields is described by incorporating the concept of "register" which is effective for clarifying the feature of each field.
Nastava tehničkoga japanskog jezika započela je 80-ih godina prošloga stoljeća kada je japansko gospodarstvo bilo u najvećem usponu. U to su vrijeme ljudi iz cijeloga svijeta, uključujući i SAD, ...željeli učiti o japanskoj tehnologiji i ekonomiji. Međutim, od 90-ih japanska ekonomska moć postupno opada pa se i entuzijazam smanjuje. Stoga je nastava japanskoga jezika morala krenuti drugim pravcima. Tijekom protekloga razdoblja stekli smo tehnologiju i metode za obradu jezika te smo u mogućnosti primijeniti te metode na nove žanrove. Danas su se medicinska njega, turizam i drugi žanrovi pridružili žanru obrazovanja na japanskome jeziku. U radu se sagledava važnost izgradnje sustava jezične podrške za pisanje japanskoga uz upotrebu akumuliranoga znanja o nastavnim metodama i tehnologiji u vremenima koja se mijenjaju. Zatim je opisana mogućnost razvoja nastavnih materijala i alata korištenjem korpusa koji se tematski odnose na mnogobrojna područja, i to tako što će se uključiti koncept registra, koji je učinkovit za utvrđivanje značajki svakog od tih područja.
Given its multi-scriptal nature, the Japanese writing system can potentially yield some important insights into the complex relationships that can exist between units of language and units of ...writing. This paper discusses some of the difficult issues surrounding the notions of orthographic representation and variation within the Japanese writing system, as seen from the perspective of creating word lists based on the Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo’s ‘Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese’ (BCCWJ) Project. More specifically, the paper (i) reflects on the treatment of lemmas within UniDic, the morphological analyzer dictionary developed for the project, (ii) notes some concerns for extracting word lists that stem from the project’s approach towards defining orthographic words which draws on its conceptualization of short and long unit words, and (iii) attempts to quantify the extent of orthographic variation within the Japanese writing system as represented by the BCCWJ. Keywords: Japanese; Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese (BCCWJ); kanji; hiragana; katakana; orthographic variation; UniDic
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