We review the results of an extensive campaign to determine the physical, geological, and dynamical properties of asteroid (101955) Bennu. This investigation provides information on the orbit, shape, ...mass, rotation state, radar response, photometric, spectroscopic, thermal, regolith, and environmental properties of Bennu. We combine these data with cosmochemical and dynamical models to develop a hypothetical timeline for Bennu's formation and evolution. We infer that Bennu is an ancient object that has witnessed over 4.5 Gyr of solar system history. Its chemistry and mineralogy were established within the first 10 Myr of the solar system. It likely originated as a discrete asteroid in the inner Main Belt approximately 0.7–2 Gyr ago as a fragment from the catastrophic disruption of a large (approximately 100‐km), carbonaceous asteroid. It was delivered to near‐Earth space via a combination of Yarkovsky‐induced drift and interaction with giant‐planet resonances. During its journey, YORP processes and planetary close encounters modified Bennu's spin state, potentially reshaping and resurfacing the asteroid. We also review work on Bennu's future dynamical evolution and constrain its ultimate fate. It is one of the most Potentially Hazardous Asteroids with an approximately 1‐in‐2700 chance of impacting the Earth in the late 22nd century. It will most likely end its dynamical life by falling into the Sun. The highest probability for a planetary impact is with Venus, followed by the Earth. There is a chance that Bennu will be ejected from the inner solar system after a close encounter with Jupiter. OSIRIS‐REx will return samples from the surface of this intriguing asteroid in September 2023.
GALPROP is a numerical code for calculating the galactic propagation of relativistic charged particles and the diffuse emissions produced during their propagation. The code incorporates as much ...realistic astrophysical input as possible together with latest theoretical developments and has become a
de facto standard in astrophysics of cosmic rays. We present GALPROP WebRun, a service to the scientific community enabling easy use of the freely available GALPROP code via web browsers. In addition, we introduce the latest GALPROP version 54, available through this service.
New physics opportunities are opening up by the Advanced Gamma Tracking Array, AGATA, as it evolves to the full 4
π
instrument. AGATA is a high-resolution
γ
-ray spectrometer, solely built from ...highly segmented high-purity Ge detectors, capable of measuring
γ
rays from a few tens of keV to beyond 10 MeV, with unprecedented efficiency, excellent position resolution for individual
γ
-ray interactions, and very high count-rate capability. As a travelling detector AGATA will be employed at all major current and near-future European research facilities delivering stable and radioactive ion beams.
In spite of recent major advances in the understanding and treatment of inhibitor development in patients with haemophilia, multidisciplinary management of many of these patients remains suboptimal ...and highly heterogenous across Europe.
Following a series of multidisciplinary meetings and a review of the literature, the European haemophilia community of health professionals and patients jointly defined practical optimum standards for ensuring and harmonizing treatment and care for patients with an inhibitor.
Ten complementary principles for the management of inhibitors in haemophilia have been developed, emphasizing the importance and benefits of a centralized, multidisciplinary, expert and holistic approach.
This document will serve as a benchmark to improve the multidisciplinary and practical management of patients with inhibitor. Implementation and adherence to each of these principles should have a major positive impact on the management and outcomes of patients developing an inhibitor.
A Northern Survey of Gamma-Ray Blazar Candidates Sowards-Emmerd, David; Romani, Roger W; Michelson, Peter F ...
Astrophysical journal/The Astrophysical journal,
06/2005, Volume:
626, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
In preparation for the Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST), we have compiled a sample of blazar candidates to increase the pool of well-studied active galactic nuclei from which GLAST ...counterparts will be drawn. Sources were selected with our figure-of-merit (FoM) ranking; thus, they have radio and X-ray properties very similar to the EGRET blazars. Spectroscopic confirmation of these candidates is in progress, and more than 70% of these objects have been identified as flat spectrum radio quasars and BL Lac objects. We present similar to 250 new optical blazar identifications based on McDonald Observatory spectroscopy, 224 with redshifts. Of these, 167 are in our FoM-selected set. To motivate the gamma -ray nature of these objects, we analyzed the current release of the EGRET data for possible point sources at their radio positions. We develop two distinct methods to combine multiple EGRET observations of a sky position into a single detection significance. We report a detection of the signal of the set of blazar candidates in the EGRET data at the >3 sigma level by both techniques. We predict that the majority of these blazar candidates will be found by GLAST because of its increased sensitivity, duty cycle, and resolving power.
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