Background
Animal and owner quality‐of‐life (QoL) is pivotal in treatment decisions. Accurate measurement of owner‐reported QoL and treatment satisfaction (TS) supports disease burden and treatment ...benefit evaluation.
Objectives
Develop and evaluate an owner‐completed canine dermatitis QoL and TS questionnaire (CDQoL‐TSQ) in allergic dogs.
Materials and Methods
The CDQoL‐TSQ was drafted following review of existing measures and expert input. Content validity was assessed through interviews with owners of allergic dogs. Psychometric properties of the QoL domains (Canine QoL, Owner QoL) were evaluated. Score interpretation was derived.
Results
Twenty dog owners were interviewed. Item wording was amended following the first 10 interviews. Data from 211 owners were used in the psychometric evaluation. The Canine QoL domain demonstrated strong internal consistency (α = 0.89), test–retest reliability (ICC2,1 = 0.844), moderate convergent validity (r = 0.41) and moderate‐high known‐groups validity (effect size 0.37–0.64). The Owner QoL domain demonstrated strong internal consistency (α = 0.73), high convergent validity (r = 0.63) and moderate‐high known‐groups validity (0.43–0.63). Test–retest reliability approached moderate strength (ICC2,1 = 0.490). Group‐level interpretation analysis showed minimal important difference of 7.0–13.6 points for dogs and 13.0–13.6 for owners. For individual dogs a change of 6.3 or 12.5 points for dogs, and 12.5 or 18.8 for owners indicates a response.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
The CDQOL‐TSQ is a two‐part assessment to evaluate QoL and TS in canine allergic dermatitis. The QoL questionnaire demonstrated validity and reliability, and interpretation of scores was derived, making it suitable for use in research and practice. The TS module is suitable for clinical setting use to improve owner–veterinarian communication.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Lebensqualität (QoL) von Tier und Besitzer ist bei Entscheidungen in Bezug auf die Behandlung ausschlaggebend. Genaue Messungen von QoL, die vom Besitzer beschrieben wird und die Behandlungszufriedenheit (TS) helfen bei der Evaluierung der Last der Krankheit und des Behandlungserfolges.
Ziele
Entwicklung und Evaluierung eines vom Besitzer ausgefüllten Fragebogens über die QoL und den TS bei caniner Dermatitis (CDQoL‐TSQ) bei allergischen Hunden.
Materialien und Methoden
Der CDQoL‐TSQ wurde nach einer Review von bestehenden Messungen und mittels Experten Input erstellt. Die Validität des Inhalts wurde durch Interviews mit den Besitzern von allergischen Hunden beurteilt. Psychometrische Eigenschaften der QoL Domänen (Canine QoL, Besitzer QoL) wurden evaluiert. Die Interpretation der Bewertung wurde daraus abgeleitet.
Ergebnisse
Es wurden 20 Hundebesitzer befragt. Die Fragestellungen wurden nach den ersten 10 Interviews angepasst. Es wurden die Daten von 211 Besitzern bei der psychometrischen Evaluierung verwendet. Die Canine QoL Domäne zeigte eine starke interne Konsistenz (α = 0.89), Test‐Wiedertest Zuverlässigkeit (ICC2,1 = 0.844), moderate Konvergente Gültigkeit (r = 0.41) und moderat‐hohe bekannte Gruppengültigkeit (Wirkungsgröße 0.37–0.64). Die Domäne der Besitzer QoL zeigte eine hohe interne Konsistenz (α = 0.73), hohe Konvergente Gültigkeit (r = 0.63) und moderate‐hohe bekannte Gruppengültigkeit (Wirkungsgröße 0.43–0.63). Test‐Wiedertest Zuverlässigkeit erreichte eine moderate Stärke (ICC2,1 = 0.0490). Eine Analyse auf Gruppenebene zeigte einen minimalen Unterschied von 7.0–13.6 Punkte für Hunde und 13.0–13.6 für Besitzer. Für einzelne Hunde bedeutet eine Veränderung von 6.3 oder 12.5 Punkten und für Besitzer von 12.5 oder 18.8 eine Verbesserung.
Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Bedeutung
Die CDQOL‐TSQ ist eine zwei‐teilige Beurteilung, um die QoL und die TS bei der caninen allergischen Dermatitis zu erfassen. Der QoL Fragebogen zeigte Gültigkeit und Zuverlässigkeit, die Interpretation der Bewertungen wurde daraus abgeleitet, was ihn brauchbar machte zur Verwendung in der Forschung und in der Praxis. Das TS‐Modul ist geeignet zur Verwendung im klinischen Bereich, um die Besitzer‐Tierarzt Kommunikation zu verbessern.
摘要
背景
动物和主人的生活质量(QoL)在治疗决策中至关重要。准确测量业主报告的QoL和治疗满意度(TS)有助于疾病负担和治疗效益评估。
目的
编制并评估主人完成的犬皮炎QoL和TS问卷(CDQoL‐TSQ)。
材料和方法
CDQoL TSQ是在审查现有措施和专家意见后起草的。内容的有效性是通过采访过敏犬的主人来评估的。评估了QoL领域(犬QoL、主人QoL)的心理测量特性。得出了分数解释。
结果
二十位犬主接受了访谈。在前10次访谈之后，对项目措辞进行了修订。来自211名犬主的数据被用于心理测量评估。犬QoL域表现出较强的内部一致性(α = 0.89)、重测信度(ICC2,1 = 0.844)、中等收敛有效性(r = 0.41)和中等高已知组有效性(效应大小0.37–0.64)。犬主QoL域显示出较强的内部一致性(α = 0.73)，高收敛有效性(r = 0.63)和中等‐高已知组有效性(0.43–0.63)。测试‐再测试信度接近中等强度(ICC2,1 = 0.490)。组水平解释分析显示，犬的重要差异最小，为7.0–13.6分，主人为13.0–13.6分。对于个别犬，犬的变化为6.3分或12.5分，主人的变化为12.5分或18.8分表示有反应。
结论和临床相关性
CDQOL‐TSQ分为两部分，用于评估犬过敏性皮炎的QoL和TS。QoL问卷证明了其有效性和可靠性，并得出了分数解释，使其适合在研究和实践中使用。TS模块适用于临床环境，以改善犬主与兽医的沟通。
Résumé
Contexte
La qualité de vie de l'animal et de son propriétaire (QoL) est un élément essentiel dans les décisions thérapeutiques. Une mesure précise de la qualité de vie et de la satisfaction à l'égard du traitement rapportée par le propriétaire permet d'évaluer la charge relative à la maladie et les avantages du traitement.
Objectifs
Développer et évaluer un questionnaire sur la qualité de vie et la satisfaction du traitement de la dermatite canine rempli par le propriétaire (CDQoL‐TSQ) chez les chiens allergiques.
Matériels et méthodes
Le CDQoL‐TSQ est rédigé à la suite d'un examen des mesures existantes et de l'avis d'experts. La validité du contenu est évaluée par des entretiens avec des propriétaires de chiens allergiques. Les propriétés psychométriques des différents domaines de la qualité de vie (qualité de vie canine, qualité de vie du propriétaire) sont évaluées. Les scores sont interprétés.
Résultats
Vingt propriétaires de chiens sont interrogés. La formulation des questions est modifiée après les 10 premiers entretiens. Les données de 211 propriétaires sont utilisées pour l'évaluation psychométrique. Le domaine de la qualité de vie canine démontre une forte cohérence interne (α = 0,89), une fiabilité test‐retest (ICC2.1 = 0.844), une validité convergente modérée (r = 0.41) et une validité des groupes connus modérément élevée (taille de l'effet 0.37–0.64). Le domaine de la qualité de vie du propriétaire démontre une forte cohérence interne (α = 0.73), une validité convergente élevée (r = 0.63) et une validité modérément élevée pour les groupes connus (0.43–0.63). La fiabilité test‐retest a atteint un niveau modéré (ICC2.1 = 0.490). L'analyse de l'interprétation au niveau du groupe montre une différence minimale importante de 7.0–13.6 points pour les chiens et de 13.0–13.6 pour les propriétaires. Pour les chiens individuels, un changement de 6.3 ou 12.5 points pour les chiens et de 12.5 ou 18.8 pour les propriétaires indique une réponse.
Conclusions et pertinence clinique
Le CDQOL‐TSQ est un questionnaire en deux parties permettant d'évaluer la qualité de vie et la TS dans la dermatite allergique canine. Le questionnaire sur la qualité de vie a démontré sa validité et sa fiabilité, et l'interprétation des scores a été dérivée, ce qui le rend adapté à la recherche et à la pratique. Le module TS peut être utilisé en milieu clinique pour améliorer la communication entre le propriétaire et le vétérinaire.
要約
背景
動物および飼い主の QoLは治療方針の決定において極めて重要である。飼い主が報告するQoLと治療満足度(TS)を正確に測定することは、疾病負担と治療効果の評価をサポートする。
目的
本研究の目的は、アレルギー犬における飼い主記入式の犬皮膚炎QoLおよびTS質問票(CDQoL‐TSQ)を開発し評価することであった。
材料と方法
CDQoL‐TSQは既存の質問票を検討し、専門家の意見を取り入れて作成した。内容的妥当性はアレルギー犬の飼い主へのインタビューにより評価した。QoL領域(犬のQoL、飼い主のQoL)の心理測定学的特性を評価した。スコアの解釈を導き出した。
結果
20人の犬の飼い主にインタビューを行った。最初の10回の面接の後、項目の表現が修正された。211人の飼い主のデータが心理測定評価に用いられた。犬のQoL領域は強い内的一貫性(α = 0.89)、検査・再検査信頼性(ICC2,1 = 0.844)、中程度の収束妥当性(r = 0.41)、中程度の高い既知集団妥当性(効果量0.37–0.64)を示した。所有者QoL領域は、強い内的一貫性(α = 0.73)、高い収束的妥当性(r = 0.63)、および中程度の高い既知集団妥当性(0.43–0.63)を示した。検査・再検査信頼性は中程度の強さに近づいた(ICC2,1 = 0.490)。群レベルの解釈分析では、犬で7.0–13.6点、飼い主で13.0–13.6点の最小重要差を示した。個々の犬については、犬で6.3点または12.5点、飼い主で12.5点または18.8点の変化は反応を示した。
結論と臨床的意義
CDQOL‐TSQは犬のアレルギー性皮膚炎におけるQoLおよびTSを評価する2部評価である。QoL質問票は妥当性および信頼性を示し、スコアの解釈も導き出されたため、研究および実践での使用に適していた。TSモジュールは、飼い主および獣医師のコミュニケーションを改善するために臨床現場で使用するのに適している。
Resumo
Contexto
A qualidade de vida (QV) dos animais e dos tutores é fundamental nas decisões de tratamento. A mensuração precisa da qualidade de vida relatada pelo tutor e da satisfação com o tratamento (ST) auxilia na avaliação da sobrecarga causada pela doença e dos benefícios do tratamento.
Objetivos
Desenvolver e avaliar um questionário de QV e ST (CDQoL‐TSQ) preenchido pelos tutores de cães alérgicos.
Materiais e Métodos
O CDQoL‐TSQ foi elaborado após revisão das mensurações existentes e contribuições de especialistas. A validação do conteúdo foi realizada por meio de entrevistas com proprietários de cães alérgicos. Foram avaliadas propriedades psicométricas dos domínios de QV (QV Canino, QV Tutor). A interpretação da pontuação foi derivada.
Resultados
Foram entrevistados 20 tutores de cães. A redação dos itens foi alterada após as primeiras 10 entrevistas. Dados de 211 tutores foram utilizados na avaliação psicométrica. O domínio QV canino demonstrou forte consistência interna (α = 0.89), confiabilidade teste‐reteste (ICC2,1 = 0.844), validade convergente moderada (r = 0.41) e validade moderada‐alta de grupos conhecidos (tamanho do efeito 0.37–0.64). O domínio QV tutor demonstrou forte consistência interna (α = 0.73), alta validade convergente (r = 0.63) e validade moderada‐alta de grupos conhecidos (0.43–0.63). A confiabilidade teste‐reteste aproximou‐se da força moderada (ICC2,1 = 0.490). A análise de interpretação em nível de grupo demonstrou diferença importante mínima de 7.0–13.6 pontos para cães e 13.0–13.6 para tutores. Para cães individuais, uma mudança de 6.3 ou 12.5 pontos para cães e 12.5 ou 18.8 para tutores indica uma resposta.
Conclusões e Relevância Clínica
O CDQOL‐TSQ é uma avaliação de duas partes para avaliar a QV e a ST na dermatite alérgica canina. O questionário de QV demonstrou validade e confiabilidade, e a inter
OBJECTIVES
To assess efficacy of a gel compound containing guar, glycerine, triclosan and ethanol (Pawcare®, JOKER Technologies, Kerzers, Switzerland) in decreasing bacterial and yeast loads on the ...paws of dogs with erythematous, greasy and/or malodorous pododermatitis.
METHODS
In 20 dogs, each with at least two affected paws, semiquantitative Malassezia species counts were performed on 10 oil‐immersion fields (range: 0 to 30) from acetate tapes pressed on the palmar/plantar surface of one paw. Half of the area was sampled before and the other half immediately after the application of Pawcare®. With a similar procedure, swab samples were collected from the other paw for bacterial culture, identification and evaluation of colony‐forming units before and immediately after treatment. Statistical evaluation of pre‐ and posttreatment counts was performed with the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.
RESULTS
Nine dogs were positive for Malassezia species Mean acetate tape preparation counts decreased significantly from 8·78 (±8·03) to 5·668 (±6·65) (P=0·0039) after treatment. Twenty‐five bacterial isolates of 11 different species were cultured in 19 dogs. Posttreatment cultures were sterile in 8 dogs that had an initial zero or low number (1 to 2 log counts) of colony‐forming units. In cases with a higher pre‐treatment number of colony forming units (2 to 6 log counts), there was a significant decrease – by a mean of 1·16 log counts (pre 3·12 ±1·69, post 1·96 ±1·57) (P=0·0002).
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The findings of the present study support the use of PawCare ® gel to decrease bacterial and yeast loads in dogs affected by chronic diseases involving the inter‐digital spaces.
The mast cell in wound healing Noli, Chiara; Miolo, Alda
Veterinary dermatology,
December 2001, Volume:
12, Issue:
6
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
This review describes the role of the mast cell in the pathobiology of skin healing. After illustrating its main morphofunctional characteristics, with special reference to the dog and cat, we ...consider the involvement of the mast cell in the various phases of skin repair. With the aid of a wide array of newly formed or preformed mediators released by degranulation, the activated mast cell controls the key events of the healing phases: triggering and modulation of the inflammatory stage, proliferation of connective cellular elements and final remodelling of the newly formed connective tissue matrix. The importance of the mast cell in regulating healing processes is also demonstrated by the fact that a surplus or deficit of degranulated biological mediators causes impaired repair, with the formation of exuberant granulation tissue (e.g. keloids and hypertrophic scars), delayed closure (dehiscence) and chronicity of the inflammatory stage.
Systemic antimicrobials are critically important in veterinary healthcare and resistance is a major concern. Antimicrobial stewardship will be important in maintaining clinical efficacy by reducing ...the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Bacterial skin infections are one of the most common reasons for using systemic antimicrobials in dogs and cats.Appropriate management of these infections is therefore crucial in any policy for responsible antimicrobial use. The goals of therapy are to confirm that an infection is present, identify the causative bacteria, select the most appropriate antimicrobial, ensure that the infection is treated correctly, and to identify and manage any underlying conditions. This is the first of two articles that will provide evidence-led guidelines to help practitioners address these issues. This article covers diagnosis, including descriptions of the different clinical presentations of surface, superficial and deep bacterial skin infections, how to perform and interpret cytology, and how to best use bacterial culture and sensitivity testing. The second article, to be published in a subsequent issue of Veterinary Record, will discuss therapy,including choice of drug and treatment regimens.
Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a systemic disease caused by Leishmania infantum. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate the evidence of efficacy of interventions for ...treatment or prevention of canine visceral leishmaniasis, and to propose recommendations for or against their use. Forty-seven articles describing clinical trials published between 1980 and 2004 fulfilled selection criteria. The evaluation of clinical trials provided good evidence for recommending the use of meglumine antimoniate at a minimum dosage of 100 mg kg(-1) daily for at least 3-4 weeks, combined with allopurinol in order to obtain a good clinical efficacy and a reduced relapse rate. The evaluation of the articles also provided fair evidence for recommending the use of pentamidine (4 mg kg(-1) twice weekly) and aminosidine (5 mg kg(-1) twice daily) for 3-4 weeks. There was insufficient evidence for recommending the use of allopurinol alone, amphotericin B, buparvaquone, ketoconazole, enrofloxacin, and the combinations of metronidazole with spiramicyn or metronidazole with enrofloxacin. Fair evidence against the use of aminosidine at high dosages (20-80 mg kg(-1) per day) was proposed due to its side effects. Evaluation of articles on repellent measures against sand fly vectors of leishmaniasis provided good evidence for recommending deltamethrin collars and fair evidence for recommending spot-on permethrin.
To evaluate the efficacy of ciclosporin in cats with allergic skin disease. Ten cats with signs of allergic skin disease were administered ciclosporin daily at a dose of 3·6 to 8·3 mg/kg for one ...month. None of these cats had previously responded to a hypoallergenic diet trial, and all animals had previously been treated with endectoparasiticidal drugs, with no improvement two weeks before entering the trial. On days 0 and 30, owners assessed pruritus with a visual analogue scale, and veterinarians evaluated cutaneous lesions. All the cats had pruritus and erythema, five had alopecia, two had an eosinophilic plaque, one had miliary dermatitis and two had both alopecia and an eosinophilic plaque. Good or excellent improvement was observed in 40 per cent of cats for pruritus, 57 per cent of cats for alopecia and 60 per cent of cats for erythema. A significant decrease in mean scores was observed for pruritus only, while for erythema and alopecia, it was close to being significant (P<0·052). Ciclosporin may be helpful in symptomatically treating signs of feline allergic skin disease. However, it is important to remember that ciclosporin is not licensed for use in cats.
Systemic antimicrobials are critically important in veterinary healthcare, and resistance is a major concern. Antimicrobial stewardship will be important in maintaining clinical efficacy by reducing ...the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Bacterial skin infections are one of the most common reasons for using systemic antimicrobials in dogs and cats. Appropriate management of these infections is, therefore, crucial in any policy for responsible antimicrobial use. The goals of therapy are to confirm that an infection is present, identify the causative bacteria, select the most appropriate antimicrobial, ensure that the infection is treated correctly, and to identify and manage any underlying conditions. This is the second of two articles that provide evidence-led guidelines to help practitioners address these issues. Part 1 discussed the use of clinical signs, cytology and culture in diagnosis. This article will cover the rationale for topical and systemic antimicrobial therapy, including choice of first-, second- and third-line drugs, the dose, duration of therapy, compliance and identification of underlying predisposing conditions. In addition, there is guidance on cases of therapeutic failure and environmental hygiene. These guidelines will help veterinarians avoid the development and propagation of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial strains.
Systemic antimicrobials are critically important in veterinary healthcare, and resistance is a major concern. Antimicrobial stewardship will be important in maintaining clinical efficacy by reducing ...the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Bacterial skin infections are one of the most common reasons for using systemic antimicrobials in dogs and cats. Appropriate management of these infections is, therefore, crucial in any policy for responsible antimicrobial use. The goals of therapy are to confirm that an infection is present, identify the causative bacteria, select the most appropriate antimicrobial, ensure that the infection is treated correctly, and to identify and manage any underlying conditions. This is the first of two articles that will provide evidence-led guidelines to help practitioners address these issues. This article covers diagnosis, including descriptions of the different clinical presentations of surface, superficial and deep bacterial skin infections, how to perform and interpret cytology, and how to best use bacterial culture and sensitivity testing. Part 2 will discuss therapy, including choice of drug and treatment regimens.
A maculopapular eruption with clinical and histological features similar to those previously described in Sphinx cats under the name of urticaria pigmentosa is reported in five unrelated Devon Rex ...cats. Physical examination revealed erythematous, occasionally crusted papules, with a bilaterally symmetrical linear distribution on the latero‐ventral trunk in two cases and a diffuse distribution on the ventral thorax in the other three cats. One cat also had a greasy seborrhoea on the head and dorsum. Pruritus and pigmented macules were present only in cats affected by secondary bacterial infection. Histological examination of papules in all cats and of the lesional skin of the cat affected by greasy seborrhoea revealed the presence of a perivascular to diffuse mastocytic and eosinophilic infiltrate in the dermis. The mean numbers of nondegranulated and degranulated mast cells per mm2 were 303.2 and 451.6, respectively. The condition waxed and waned in all cats, and exacerbations were controlled with prednisolone or essential fatty acids.
A randomised, placebo-controlled, double blind study was conducted on 25 dogs that had atopic dermatitis, together with skin test reactivity and elevated serum IgE to
Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) ...and at least one additional allergen. Dogs were treated with either a Df-restricted immunotherapy solution (
n
=
14) or a placebo (
n
=
11) and evaluated 6 weeks and 3, 5, 7 and 9 months after the initiation of treatment using a clinical scoring system (SASSAD) and pruritus analogue scale scores. The Df-restricted solution and the placebo had an equal effect on both pruritus and the skin manifestations (
P
>
0.05). The results of this study indicate that in dogs with atopic dermatitis based on hypersensitivity to environmental allergens in addition to
D. farinae, Df-restricted immunotherapy is insufficient to control the disease. Consequently, a solution for allergen-specific immunotherapy should remain customised.
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