The functional definition and future perspectives of school counseling services by teachers in Japan are in the process of becoming effective as the services are accompanied by school psychology ...movement. School counseling services can be defined as team practices of guidance and counseling to help all students, work with some students with special support needs, and facilitate special support teams for students serious with needs, as well as help schools better function so that all students may develop and grow healthy. These services include not only emotional but informational, evaluative, and instrumental supports. Teachers identify themselves as reflective practitioners and their practices are symbolized as active footwork, careful network, and some headwork. School counseling services have gotten effective following tasks from school psychology: a) To structure school counseling services as professional psycho educational services of high quality and with steps from primary to secondary, and tertiary services;b) To include psychoeducational assessment and services on learning problems in school counseling services, and c) To include special education services in school counseling services as guidance and counseling serving all school children.
A 19-year-woman with a 2-year history of bronchial asthma visited our hospital because of epigastric pain and nausea. Esophagagastroduodenoscopy revealed multiple white plaques on the esophageal ...mucosa. Hematological examination showed leukocytasis and eosinophilia in the peripheral blood. Neurological examination an admission disclosed mononeuritis in bilateral upper extremities. Two weeks later, she had hematochezia of sudden onset, and colonoscopic examination revealed multiple shallow ulcers zn the sigmold and descending colon. One month later, puzpuric lesions appeared on the face and lower extremities. Siapsy specimens of the skin showed necrotizing angitis and extravascular granulations with rnarked eosinophilic infiltration. We diagnosed this case as Churg-Strauss Syndrome on the basis of the clinical and pathological findings. Churg-Strauss syndrome is a very rare disease, but gastrointestinal disorders often affect the prognosis far the patient's life.
To determine the management of colorectal sessile tumor with nodule-aggregating surface, we investigated the endoscopic, histalogic, and stereomicroscopic findings of the tumors in 25 cases detected ...by colonoscopy. The specimens resected endoscopicaly or surgically revealed 11 adenomas and 14 carcinoma in adenomas, which included 10 intramucosal carcinomas and 4 submucosal invasive carcinomas. Endoscopic findings of the surface were classified into the following four types uniformly conglomerated nodular surface in 5 cases, gyrus-like appearance in 12, large sized nodules in conglomerated nodular surface in 7, and mixed type in one. The cases with large sized nodules and gyrus-like appearance frequently contained cancerous foci. Stereomicroscopic examination indicated that the frequency of malignancy was strikingly high in the cases with cerehriform appearance with sharply elongated and irregularly distorted pits and that substantial invasive carcinoma was demonstrated in one case with the devastated mucosal appearance. These results suggest that careful observation under endoscapy is useful to detect the cancerous foci and the invasive depth in the sessile tumor with nodule-aggregating surface. Indication of endoscopic treatment should be determined bythe surface structure and the location of the tumor.
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is frequently used clinically, and is available for the whole-body screening for tumors. The exact mechanism by which the apparent diffusion ...coefficient (ADC) value decreases in tumorous tissue remains unclear, although various theories have been proposed, including intracellular and extracellular factor theories. It is impossible to distinguish each factor in the intracellular and extracellular spaces as the source of MR signal generation by means of conventional comparison between MR images and pathological specimens. Other factors which have been reported to affect ADC include cellularity and cellular edema of human tissues, and temperature of phantoms at the time of measurement. We employed a new technique that enables cellular MR imaging using a newly developed bio-phantom containing a living culture tumor cell line, Jurkat-N1. We investigated possible reasons for observed decreases in ADC values for tumors, and we considered the contribution of both the intracellular and extracellular space to such a decrease. The ADC values of the bio-phantom increased with increasing heat exposure from 27 to 45 degrees C. ADC values also increased after the destruction by sonication of tumor cell membranes. ADC values decreased as cellularity increased in the bio-phantom. ADC values decreased due to cellular edema caused by a low salt concentration in the bio-phantom. Changes in pressure in the bio-phantom had no effect on the observed ADC values. We calculated both the intracellular ADC and extracellular ADC values using the ADC values, cellularity, and cellular volume of Jurkat-N1 cells in the bio-phantom. The extracellular ADC values in the bio-phantom were estimated to be lower than the ADC value of distilled water. These results indicate that not only intracellular ADC values, but also extracellular ADC values contribute to the determination of the ADC values of bio-phantoms. This is the first report to have examined the contribution of intracellular and extracellular space on the ADC values of bio-phantoms containing cultured tumor cells.
In recent years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has seen wide clinical use, such as for early detection of cerebrovascular diseases and whole body screening ...for tumors. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) standard phantom, which mimics the ADC values of several lesions in the body, is indispensable for the development of new pulse sequences for DWI, such as diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging with background body-signal suppression (DWIBS). However, information on the ADC values of the previously reported ADC standard phantoms is limited, because these phantoms were made using only a few different materials at a limited range of concentrations, and the ADC values were measured only at certain temperatures. It has been considered difficult, if not impossible, to create a phantom that provides arbitrary ADC values, because it is difficult to calculate the concentrations of the materials and the temperature at ADC measurement. In this study, we used polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a phantom material, and developed an empirical formula to calculate the PEG concentration at any measurement temperature to obtain arbitrary ADC values of the phantom. DWI images of phantoms made using seven different PEG concentrations were taken under heating from 17 to 46 degrees C at 1 degrees C intervals. Using ADC values calculated from these DWI images, we developed two empirical formulas: i) an empirical formula to calculate the ADC values of phantoms made using any PEG concentration at any measurement temperature; and ii) an empirical formula to calculate PEG concentrations to obtain arbitrary ADC values at any measurement temperature. We inspected the accuracy of these empirical formulas by newly made PEG phantoms. A comparison between the ADC values calculated with the empirical formulas and the measured ADC values confirmed the high accuracy of these formulas. PEG phantoms are safe, inexpensive and easy to make, compared with the previously reported ADC standard phantoms. Our empirical formulas enable us to calculate PEG concentrations that provide arbitrary ADC values at any measurement temperature. The empirical formulas could be used within a range of ADC values from 0.37x10(-3) to 3.67x10(-3) mm(2)/s, PEG concentrations from 0 to 120 mM, and measurement temperatures from 18 to 45 degrees C. Using these formulas, it would be possible to make standard phantoms that mimic the ADC values of any clinical lesions. The PEG phantom might thus be an excellent new ADC standard phantom for MRI with DWI.
Prolidase deficiency is an autosomal recessive inherited disease characterized clinically by frequent infections, mental retardation, and various skin lesions. Fundamental treatments for these ...manifestations have not been established. We performed adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of human prolidase cDNA into fibroblasts from patients with prolidase deficiency. Infection with the adenovirus vector carrying human prolidase cDNA increased prolidase activity in fibroblasts up to approximately 7.5 times of that of normal control fibroblasts. This indicates the feasibility of adenovirus-mediated gene therapy to treat patients with prolidase deficiency in the future.
Many of exterior wall claddings for medium rise urban buildings have similar details and supply systems to those of cutain walls for high-rise buildings, whereas materials for them and their ...appearances have much in common with exterior wall finishings for low-rise houses. With these in mind, the authors undertook a survey on exterior walls makers for medium rise urban buildings. A questionnaire about the outline of the system, the support services for design, production and on-site installation of the components has been sent to 30 exterior wall building material makers. Analysis of the organization of suppliers, the types of organization and the assignment of services, the scope of the contract, the scope and contents of various services provided for the users have been made. As a result six system types of the supplyers have been finally abstracted according to the above findings. Furthermore three prototype have been abstracted from those six system types. Prototype has "Curtainwall type" which is completed design services for architect/builders, "Construction of dealers type", and "Wholesaler of components type". The result should be usefull for the future vision of this industry and for the provisions for smooth propagation of industrial components such as this.
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