This paper evaluates the electromagnetic characteristics as to two types of superconducting motors: one is the superconducting motors adopting high-temperature superconducting field coils and copper ...armature windings; and the other is fully-superconducting motors, which have high-temperature superconducting field coils and MgB 2 superconducting armature windings. Analytical formulas and FEM are employed for the designs of 1.5-, 3.0-, and 5.0-MW motors. We consider how to reduce ac loss in MgB 2 winding structure as well. The analysis of our results, which was conducted mainly over output density and efficiency, suggests that the adoption of superconducting motors is more realistic in realizing electrical aircraft propulsion system in terms of higher output; the analysis results show that the fully-superconducting motors have a potential to reach over 16 kw/kg.
The kidneys are the major organs for erythropoietin (EPO) production in adults, and thus, kidney damage results in reduced EPO levels and anemia. Inhibitors of Hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl ...hydroxylase domain-containing protein (HIF-PHD) are awaited as new therapeutic options for renal anemia. It can be predicted that most patients who receive HIF-PHD inhibitors have renal dysfunction as a cause of anemia. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effects of the HIF-PHD inhibitor molidustat on anemia and renal dysfunction when initiated after the onset of renal anemia. Male C57BL/6J mice received adenine orally to induce nephropathy. After the onset of nephropathy, the mice were treated with either vehicle or molidustat. After 4 weeks of administration, vehicle-treated mice displayed significant anemia, and molidustat ameliorated this anemia. Vehicle-treated mice exhibited reduced creatinine clearance and body weight, increased blood urea nitrogen levels, histopathological changes, immune cell infiltration, and dehydration. Molidustat reversed immune cell infiltration, dehydration, and renal fibrosis without improving renal functional parameters. In conclusion, molidustat treatment initiated after the onset of nephropathy and renal anemia reversed anemia in mice. Molidustat improved some parameters of renal abnormality, but it did not restore renal function.
The newly developed radioisotope-free technique based on magnetic nanoparticle detection using a magnetic probe is a promising method for sentinel lymph node biopsy. In this study, a novel handheld ...magnetic probe with a permanent magnet and magnetic sensor is developed to detect the sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer patients. An outstanding feature of the probe is the precise positioning of the sensor at the magnetic null point of the magnet, leading to highly sensitive measurements unaffected by the strong ambient magnetic fields of the magnet. Numerical and experimental results show that the longitudinal detection length is approximately 10 mm, for 140 μg of iron. Clinical tests were performed, for the first time, using magnetic and blue dye tracers-without radioisotopes-in breast cancer patients to demonstrate the performance of the probe. The nodes were identified through transcutaneous and ex-vivo measurements, and the iron accumulation in the nodes was quantitatively revealed. These results show that the handheld magnetic probe is useful in sentinel lymph node biopsy and that magnetic techniques are widely being accepted as future standard methods in medical institutions lacking nuclear medicine facilities.
This paper deals with electromagnetic design of interior permanent magnet-type synchronous motors (IPMSMs) using bulk superconductors. Three kinds of IPMSMs with different bulk superconductor ...arrangements in the rotor were considered. IPMSMs using permanent magnets were also designed. The evaluation of the IPMSM characteristics: magnet torque, reluctance torque, magnetic flux density, and losses at room temperature are presented. Also, the torque-to-magnetic bulk/PM-volume ratio for all conceptual designs is evaluated. The results show that the superconducting IPMSM can obtain over 490 kNm/m 3 against 300 kNm/m 3 of conventional IPMSMs.
In October 2021, the International Air Transport Association (IATA) passed a resolution to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, accelerating the movement toward carbon neutrality in the ...aviation sector. In Japan, in order to achieve this goal, R&D programs have been initiated in line with the Green Growth Strategy, and industry, government, and academia are working together to promote development. This paper reviews the domestic and international trends in the above topics and the development status of SAF, hydrogen aircraft, and electrified aircraft that use electric propulsion systems.
This paper describes the technological trend of superconducting rotating machines for future electric aircraft propulsion systems. In order to realize these systems and replace the state-of-the-art ...turbofan engines in aviation systems, lightweight electric equipment such as motor/generators of 16 kW/kg or higher and power converters of 19 kW/kg or higher are required. Since superconducting wires have a higher current density than copper wires, they have the potential to realize such high-power density rotating machines. Therefore, there are many research groups studying the superconducting rotating machines for future electric aircraft systems. This review will introduce not only the research trends of superconducting rotating machines and systems, but also the state-of-the-art motors and hybrid aviation systems.
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that D-allose, a rare sugar, elicits antitumor effects on different types of solid cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and ...squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. In this study, we examined the effects of D-allose on the proliferation of human glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines (i.e., U251MG and U87MG) in vitro and in vivo and the underlying mechanisms. D-allose treatment inhibited the proliferation of U251MG and U87MG cells in a dose-dependent manner (3–50 mM). However, D-allose treatment did not affect cell cycles or apoptosis in these cells but significantly decreased the cell division frequency in both GBM cell lines. In a subcutaneous U87MG cell xenograft model, intraperitoneal injection of D-allose (100 mg/kg/day) significantly reduced the tumor volume in 28 days. These data indicate that D-allose-induced reduction in cell proliferation is associated with a subsequent decrease in the number of cell divisions, independent of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Thus, D-allose could be an attractive additive to therapeutic strategies for GBM.
Competency is used to channel abilities into successful processes and is employed in the medical field. Globally, several laboratory competencies exist, but the job descriptions of Japanese medical ...laboratory scientists differ from those of other countries and little evidence-based information on novice medical laboratory scientist competency is available in Japan. This study clarified the competencies of novice medical laboratory scientists based on various expert opinions in Japan.
The Delphi method was used to achieve an expert consensus on novice medical laboratory scientist competencies. We asked the participants to evaluate the importance of each item using the Likert scale and set 70% as the final consensus rate.
We obtained 106/400 (26.5%) and 95/106 (89.6%) responses from participants in rounds 1 and 2, respectively. Their professional experience mean ± standard deviation was 32.4 ± 6.0 years (range: 13-41). The average of each category consensus rate was > 99.1%. Ninety-five expert opinions converged and agreed that the competency comprised 8 categories and 54 items.
The survey results revealed that novice medical laboratory scientists were expected to have relatively higher main laboratory skill competencies in the 'Preparation and analysis' category than in other categories. Nevertheless, competencies in other categories required basic skills. In addition, our competencies contained unique competencies compared with others due to their divergent roles and their environment. Further research is warranted to explore assessment tools by developing a competency scale, thereby helping clarify the differences between ability and correlated factors. The unique competencies scale can help assess the efficacy of educational programmes for Japanese medical laboratory scientists.
Recently, means of transportation with electrical motors such as electric vehicles and ships are rapidly increasing. Various attempts have been made to reduce the size of the motors to increase the ...freedom of transport equipment system layouts and the energy efficiency of their transportation. Interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) can realize higher torque than surface permanent magnet synchronous motors (SPMSMs) by using reluctance torque caused by magnetic saliency in addition to magnet torque. In comparison with SPMSMs, IPMSMs can have wide operation ranges by applying control methods such as maximum output control and field weakening control. Therefore, IPMSMs are expected to be used for a variety of application such as electric vehicles, ships and heavy equipment. By replacing permanent magnets with bulk superconductors in the rotors of IPMSMs, the magnet torque increases due to the stronger magnetic field of magnetized bulk superconductors. This leads to an increase in total torque density of the motors and contributes to motor size reduction. In this research, we propose an IPMSM with bulk superconductors with the goal of increasing the mechanical output density. In the proposed IPMSM, cooling space is left inside the rotor to cool the bulk superconductors to their superconducting state. Here, analysis based on finite element method was carried out to verify the utility of the proposed motor. First, the design of the motor with bulk superconductors and cooling space is discussed. It is shown that the total torque can be increased by adjusting the position of the bulk superconductor and modifying the structure of the flux barrier. The maximum total torque shown here was 22500 Nm. Then, the mechanical output density of the proposed IPMSM is compared with a conventional IPMSM. It is shown that the mechanical output density of the proposed IPMSM is 38% higher than the conventional IPMSM. Finally, the magnetic shielding effect, which might be a problem when using bulk superconductors, is discussed. By using electromagnetic analysis, it is shown that the external magnetic flux is weakened by the cooling space to several percent of the magnets' surface and the effect of the shielding current is trivial.
Gentisic acid (GA), a metabolite of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and homogentisic acid (HGA), which is excreted at high levels in alkaptonuria, are divalent phenolic acids with very similar ...structures. Urine containing HGA is dark brown in color due to its oxidation. We recently reported a new oxidation method of HGA involving the addition of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate (NaOCl·5H2O), which is a strong oxidant. In the present study, we attempted to oxidize GA, which has a similar structure to HGA, using our method. We herein observed color changes in GA solution and analyzed the absorption spectra of GA after the addition of NaOH with NaOCl·5H2O. We also examined the oxidation reaction of GA using a liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LC/TOF-MS). The results obtained indicated that GA solution had a unique absorption spectrum with a peak at approximately 500 nm through an oxidation reaction following the addition of NaOH with NaOCl·5H2O. This spectrophotometric method enables GA to be detected in sample solutions without expensive analytical instruments or a complex method.
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