We study the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon,
a
μ
, and lepton flavor violating decay
μ
→
eγ
in TeV scale
B
−
L
extension of the Standard Model (SM) with inverse seesaw mechanism. We show that ...the
B
−
L
contributions to
a
μ
are severely constrained; therefore, the SM contribution remains intact. We also emphasize that the current experimental limit of
BR
(
μ
→
eγ
) can be satisfied for a wide range of parameter space and it can be within the reach of MEG experiment.
Laser light reflection by a relativistically moving electron density modulation (flying mirror) in a wake wave generated in a plasma by a high intensity laser pulse is investigated experimentally. A ...counterpropagating laser pulse is reflected and upshifted in frequency with a multiplication factor of 37-66, corresponding to the extreme ultraviolet wavelength. The demonstrated flying mirror reflectivity (from 3 x 10(-6) to 2 x 10(-5), and from 1.3 x 10(-4) to 0.6 x 10(-3), for the photon number and pulse energy, respectively) is close to the theoretical estimate for the parameters of the experiment.
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Drug delivery from topically instilled eye drops to the posterior segment of the eye has long been one of the greatest challenges of ocular drug development. We developed methods of ...liposome preparation utilizing a microfluidizer to achieve adjustable nanoparticle size (even less than 80nm) and high loading capacity of plasmid DNA. The microfluidizing process parameters were shown to affect the size of the liposomes. Higher operating pressures and passage for at least 10 times through the microfluidizer produced small liposomes with narrow size distribution. The liposomes were physically stable for several months at +4°C. In vivo distribution of the optimized liposome formulations in the rat eyes was investigated with confocal microscopy of the histological specimens. Transferrin was used as a targeting ligand directed to retinal pigment epithelium. Size dependent distribution of liposomes to different posterior segment tissues was seen. Liposomes with the diameter less than 80nm permeated to the retinal pigment epithelium whereas liposomes with the diameter of 100nm or more were distributed to the choroidal endothelium. Active targeting was shown to be necessary for liposome retention to the target tissue. In conclusion, these microfluidizer produced small liposomes in eye drops are an attractive option for drug delivery to the posterior segment tissues of the eye.
This manuscript introduces a mathematically tractable and accurate model of narrowband power line noise based on experimental measurements. In this paper, the noise is expressed as a Gaussian process ...whose instantaneous variance is a periodic time function. With this assumption and representation, the cyclostationary features of power line noise can be described in close form. The periodic function that represents the variance is then approximated with a small number of parameters. The noise waveform generated with this model shows good agreement with that of actually measured noise. Noise waveforms generated by different models are also compared with that of the proposed model.
•TMF life of 23Cr-45Ni-7W alloy is presented.•Higher stress is generated in the TMF test than the isothermal fatigue test.•Strain range partitioning method is useful to predict the TMF life of the ...alloy.
This study focuses on thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) behaviors of nickel-based 23Cr-45Ni-7W alloy for pipes and tubes in high-efficiency power boilers. TMF tests (maximum temperature = 700 °C; minimum temperature = 100 °C) were conducted under in-phase (IP) and out-of-phase (OP) conditions. The lives under the IP condition is 0.30–0.44 times of that under the OP condition when same total strain range, Δεt, is applied. The TMF properties obtained via the tests are compared with the results of isothermal fatigue (ITF) tests conducted at 700 °C and bithermal fatigue (BTF) tests with maximum and minimum temperatures of 700 °C and 100 °C, respectively. The fracture morphology for each type of TMF, ITF, and BTF is similar under the test conditions of this study. Intergranular cracking is predominant under application of cyclic tensile creep strain during the fatigue tests, and transgranular cracking is predominant under application of cyclic compressive creep strain during the fatigue tests. The inelastic strain range–fatigue life (Δεin–Nf) relation in the TMF test and the inelastic strain range components–life (Δεij–Nij) relation determined using the strain range partitioning method show a good agreement within a factor of 1.5 scatter band. These results indicate the possibility of predicting the TMF life of the 23Cr-45Ni-7W alloy using the results of the ITF test by considering the amount and direction (tension or compression) of creep strain applied to the alloy.
This study focuses on the effect of aging on fatigue behavior of nickel-based Ni-23Cr-7W alloy for boiler pipes and tubes to reveal the fatigue properties of the alloy after long-term exposure ...(1000–5000 h) to high temperature (700 °C). Tensile, Charpy impact, and high temperature fatigue tests were conducted for both aged and non-aged alloys. An increase in the tensile strength and a decrease in the tensile ductility and Charpy absorbed energy caused by the aging were observed. The fatigue life of the aged alloy is slightly shorter than that of the non-aged alloy under PP (fast-fast) type of strain waveform. Under CP (slow-fast) type of strain waveform, the fatigue life of the aged alloy is slightly shorter in the high strain range region and equal to or slightly longer in the low strain range region as compared with the non-aged alloy. The non-aged alloy shows strong cyclic hardening behavior. Therefore, the stress–strain response of the non-aged alloy after fatigue loading locates in the higher stress side than that of the aged alloy, although the stress–strain curve of the non-aged alloy obtained by the tensile test locates in the lower stress side. The observations of the morphology of precipitates and dislocations for the alloy before and after the fatigue test reveal that fine carbides precipitate uniformly in the non-aged alloy during the fatigue test. Furthermore, it is revealed that the cyclic hardening caused by aging has a significant influence on the generation of inelastic strain in the non-aged alloy under low strain range conditions. Although a large influence of aging at high temperature occurs on the cyclic hardening behavior, aging does not significantly affect the fatigue life of Ni-23Cr-7W alloy.
•Effect of aging at high temperature on fatigue properties of Ni-23Cr-7W alloy is presented.•Aging does not significantly affect the fatigue life of Ni-23Cr-7W alloy.•The non-aged alloy shows remarkable cyclic hardening, and the aged alloy shows slight cyclic hardening.
Background
In 2020, the Committee of Clinical Practical Guideline for IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) revised the clinical practice guidelines. Herein, we conducted a questionnaire survey to assess the ...potential discrepancies between clinical practice guidelines and real-world practice in Japan.
Methods
A web-based survey of members of the Japanese Society of Nephrology was conducted between November 15 and December 28, 2021.
Results
A total of 217 members (internal physicians: 203, pediatricians: 14) responded to the questionnaire. Of these respondents, 94.0% answered that the clinical practice guidelines were referred to “always” or “often.” Approximately 66.4% respondents answered that histological grade (H-Grade) derived from the “Clinical Guidelines for IgA nephropathy in Japan, 3rd version” and the “Oxford classification” were used for pathological classification. Moreover, 73.7% respondents answered that the risk grade (R-grade) derived from the “Clinical Guidelines for IgA nephropathy in Japan, 3rd version” was referred to for risk stratification. The prescription rate of renin–angiotensin system blockers increased based on urinary protein levels (> 1.0 g/day: 88.6%, 0.5–1.0 g/day: 71.0%, < 0.5 g/day: 25.0%). Similarly, the prescription rate of corticosteroids increased according to proteinuria levels (> 1.0 g/day: 77.8%, 0.5–1.0 g/day: 52.8%, < 0.5 g/day: 11.9%). The respondents emphasized on hematuria when using corticosteroids. In cases of hematuria, the indication rate for corticosteroids was higher than in those without hematuria, even if the urinary protein level was 1 g/gCr or less. Few severe infectious diseases or serious deterioration in glycemic control were reported during corticosteroid use.
Conclusion
Our questionnaire survey revealed real-world aspects of IgAN treatment in Japan.
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