Evidence suggests that microbiota may contribute to the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer. In the case of bladder cancer, preliminary studies have found alterations in the urinary ...microbiota of patients with urothelial carcinoma compared with healthy individuals. Conversely, the urinary microbiota differ between men and women, and it has been hypothesized that these differences are associated with the lower incidence of bladder cancers in women. The objective of this study was to characterize the bladder microbiota in paired samples of tumor and non-tumor mucosa of patients with malignant bladder neoplasia using next-generation sequencing. In addition, we aimed to study potential differences in microbial composition in tumor samples according to clinical and pathological variables, and to determine possible microbial profiles. We found significant differences in microbial richness at the genus level, with a higher richness observed in the non-tumor compared with the tumor mucosa. It was also shown that
were significantly more enriched in the non-tumor compared with the tumor mucosa (
= 0.014). In the multivariate analysis, we found significant differences in microbial composition according to tumor grade (
= 0.03 and 0.04 at the phylum and genus levels, respectively). Moreover, we detected a higher microbial richness in non-tumor vs. tumor tissues which agrees with the global assumption that microbial richness is an indicator of health. The greater abundance of members of the
phylum in the non-neoplastic bladder mucosa samples supports the hypothesis that a higher abundance of
is associated with a lower rate of bladder cancer in women and suggests a protective role for these microbiota. We detected a microbial profile that was enriched for
in low-grade tumors. Finally, we identified the presence of two clusters in the microbial composition of the tumor mucosa samples, significantly enriched for the genera
,
,
,
, and
(Cluster 1), or
(Cluster 2). Further longitudinal studies are needed to assess the role of the bladder microbiota in carcinogenesis.
Lung cancer (LC) is associated with ageing, with the average age of affected individuals being approximately 70 years. However, despite a higher incidence and prevalence among older people, the older ...adult population is underrepresented in clinical trials. For LC with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (
EGFR
) mutations, there is no clear association of this mutation with age. Geriatric assessments (GAs) and a multidisciplinary approach are essential for defining the optimal treatment. In this consensus, a group of experts selected from the Oncogeriatrics Section of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (Sección de Oncogeriatría de la Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica—SEOM), the Spanish Lung Cancer Group (Grupo Español de Cáncer de Pulmón—GECP) and the Association for Research on Lung Cancer in Women (Asociación para la Investigación del Cáncer de Pulmón en Mujeres—ICAPEM) evaluate the scientific evidence currently available and propose a series of recommendations to optimize the management of older adult patients with advanced LC with
EGFR
mutations.
The improvement of molecular alterations in cancer as well as the development of technology has allowed us to bring closer to clinical practice the determination of molecular alterations in the ...diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The use of multidetermination platforms is spreading in most Spanish hospitals. The objective of these clinical practice guides is to review their usefulness, and establish usage guidelines that guide their incorporation into clinical practice.
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