Rapid and unplanned urbanization is one of the biggest problems of the modern age and it occasionally leads to the destruction of historical and cultural structures. Hence, several historical ...structures are at risk of disappearing due to rapid and unplanned urbanization all around the world. Protection of historical structures, which are under the threat of unplanned urbanization, has been one of the main issues emphasized in many countries. The study focuses on the strengthening strategies of historical structures adjacent to RC buildings and develops an infographics map of strengthening strategies. In addition, a case study in which the historical Cafer Pasha Dârülkurrâ in Kütayha Turkey, which was in danger of extinction due to unplanned urbanization, was strengthened and restored using the developed infographic map is presented. The map consists of four main steps; Levels of Information, Damage Assessment, Performance Evaluation and Restoration Works. The first step is to collect data about the main and adjacent structures such as the geometry of the buildings, details of elements, characteristics of materials and relation of the main and adjacent structures. The second step is to assess the damage levels of the structures. The third step is to evaluate the performance of the structures by using finite element analyses (FEAs) and to determine the demolition plan for the adjacent structures. The last step is to carry out the strengthening and restoration of the main structures and restoration works on transferring the structure to future generations.
In this paper, we investigated some basic properties of rough I-convergence of a triple sequence spaces of fuzzy in three dimensional matrix spaces which are not earlier. In addition, it was studied ...the set of all rough I-limits of a triple sequence spaces and also the relation between analytic ness and rough I-core of a triple sequence spaces.
There are several notions of convergence of fuzzy number sequences in the literature. The aim of this paper is to introduce and study a new concept of the rough fuzzy ideal convergent triple ...sequences defined by Orlicz function. Also, some topological properties of the resulting sequence spaces of rough fuzzy numbers were examined.
Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a fatal disease affecting infants and very young children. Central nervous system involvement of HLH can cause catastrophic results.
We present a ...case with cranial involvement of familial HLH type 4 who showed diffuse infiltration of white matter complicated with intracranial thrombosis. A 5-year-old girl from a consanguineous couple presented with fever and pancytopenia, and was referred to our hematology unit. Examination revealed fever, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. Ultrasound examination revealed hepatosplenomegaly and free intra-abdominal fluid. HLH was revealed on bone marrow aspiration biopsy. Defective natural killer and T lymphocyte cytotoxicity using degranulation tests was determined. In the genetic analysis, syntaxin gene mutation was found. On T2-weighted and T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffuse hyperintense signal changes of cerebral white matter, indicating white matter demyelination, were observed. A second brain MRI showed an acute infarct involving the left temporooccipital region. Immunosuppressive therapy according to the HLH 2004 protocol was started. The infarct resolved but white matter lesions were stable on the brain MRI that was performed 1 month later. Brain MRI taken 4 months after the first examination showed stable cerebral white matter lesions, but hyperintense signal changes appeared in the cerebellar white matter and were regarded as progression. The patient died because of infection despite immunosuppressive therapy.
Physicians managing patients with HLH must be vigilant about the possibility of central nervous system involvement including stroke.
The paper is concerned with eigen buckling analysis of curvilinear shells with and without cutouts by an effective meshfree method. In particular, shallow shell, cylinder and perforated cylinder ...buckling problems are considered. A Galerkin meshfree reproducing kernel (RK) approach is then developed. The present meshfree curvilinear shell model is based on Reissner-Mindlin plate formulation, which allows the transverse shear deformation of the curved shells. There are five degrees of freedom per node (i.e., three displacements and two rotations). In this setting, the meshfree interpolation functions are derived from the RK. A singular kernel is introduced to impose the essential boundary conditions because of the RK shape functions, which do not automatically possess the Kronecker delta property. The stiffness matrix is derived using the stabilized conforming nodal integration technique. A convected coordinate system is introduced into the formulation to deal with the curvilinear surface. More importantly, the RKs taken here are used not only for the interpolation of the curved geometry, but also for the approximation of field variables. Several numerical examples with shallow shells and full cylinder models are considered, and the critical buckling loads and their buckling mode shapes are calculated by the meshfree eigenvalue analysis and examined. To show the accuracy and performance of the developed meshfree method, the computed critical buckling loads and mode shapes are compared with reference solutions based on boundary domain element, finite element and analytical methods.
In this paper some new inequalities of Simpson-type are established for the
classes of functions whose derivatives of absolute values are convex
functions via Riemann-Liouville integrals. Also, by ...special selections of
n, we give some reduced results.
nema
An efficient Galerkin meshfree flat shell formulation is presented for the analysis of buckling behaviors of stiffened plate structures. Both plate bending and membrane deformations are approximated ...by the reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM). The governing equation is transformed into a weak form, and it is discretized by the scattered nodes. The stiffness matrix is numerically integrated with the nodal integration technique, i.e., the stabilized conforming nodal integration (SCNI). The RKPM and SCNI based flat shell modeling approach can address the shear locking problem. Additionally, the present discretization is further improved by involving a drilling rotation component, which is to effectively model the stiffeners. There are six degrees of freedom per node. A singular kernel is also introduced into a set of the interpolants to model the web/flange connection, as well as the imposition of the essential boundary conditions. A generalized eigenvalue problem is analyzed for evaluating buckling loads/modes of the stiffened plate structures. The accuracy of the numerical results and the effectiveness of the proposed method are examined through several numerical examples.
•An improved meshfree flat shell formulation is presented.•The flat shell formulation is discretized by reproducing kernel particle method.•Stiffened plate structures are analyzed.•High accuracy computations are carried out employing the present formulation.
•The evolution of a regular conic surface is studied in Diffusion Limited regime.•Both attractive and repulsive step interactions between step pairs are considered.•The parameter space where step ...bunching/no-bunching occur is investigated.•An estimate value of average step separation in a bunch is obtained.
A surface below its roughening temperature consisting of two dimensional concentric circular monoatomic steps is discussed under step-flow model. Both repulsive and attractive interactions between steps are considered where they vary as r-2 and r-1 respectively where r is the terrace width between steps. The diffusion equation is solved in two dimensional polar coordinates with the assumption that the local mass transfer occurs due to surface diffusion only during the evolution of the initial surface. The evolution of an initial surface which has a regular cone shape is considered. The morphology and the evolution of the height of surface as a function of time are analyzed in diffusion limited (DL) regime. While in the case of only repulsive interaction between steps surface evolves properly, when both repulsive and attractive interactions between steps are taken into account step bunchings separated by large flat terraces occur on the surface for some parameter values that depend on the relative strength of attractive and repulsive step interactions and the line tension of circular steps. A phase diagram separating the step bunching and no step bunching regions in parameter space is also obtained.
Reliable evaluation of mechanical response in a porous solid might be challenging without any simplified assumptions. Peridynamics (PD) perform very well on a medium including pores owing to its ...definition, which is valid for entire domain regardless of any existed discontinuities. Accordingly, porosity is defined by randomly removing the PD interactions between the material points. As wave propagation in a solid body can be regarded as an indication of the material properties, wave propagation in porous media under an impact loading is studied first and average wave speeds are compared with the available reference results. A good agreement between the present and the reference results is achieved. Then, micro-cracks are introduced into porous media to investigate their influence on the elastic wave propagation. The micro-cracks are considered in both random and regular patterns by varying the number of cracks and their orientation. As the porosity ratio increases, it is observed that wave propagation speed drops considerably as expected. As for the cases with micro-cracks, the average wave speeds are not influenced significantly in random micro-crack configurations, while regular micro-cracks play a noticeable role in absorbing wave propagation depending on their orientation as well as the number of crack arrays in
y
-direction.
A buckling analysis of stiffened plates including curvilinear surfaces is carried out by an effective meshfree model. The buckling loads and modes computed by the present method are analyzed. Six ...degrees of freedom (6-DOFs) curved shell meshfree formulation in a convected coordinate system including a drilling rotation component is employed, which enables the assembly of curved shells for the modeling of more complex structures. By this formulation, the assembly of any arbitrary shape of geometry can be modeled in convected coordinates, while the 5-DOFs shell formulation suffers from the modeling of shell assemblies. Particularly, curved shells with straight stiffeners and plates with curvilinear stiffeners are considered. Furthermore, a twisted T-shaped structure where both web and flange have curvilinear geometry is analyzed. A meshfree discretization is employed, with which the reproducing kernel particle method is used as the meshfree interpolant. A boundary singular kernel method is adopted to precisely impose an essential boundary condition and to model folded shell geometries. The accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method are demonstrated by several shell buckling problems for stiffened plate structures with curvilinear surfaces. The obtained meshfree results are compared with the linear and quadratic shell element results of finite element method ANSYS and discussed.
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