Objectives. To investigate the influence of environmental factors on chronic prostatitis-like symptoms among young men in a community.
Methods. Of 28,841 men aged 20 years dwelling in the community, ...a total of 16,321 men (response rate 56.6%) were included in this study. The National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index was used to identify men with chronic prostatitis-like symptoms. The questionnaire also queried sociodemographic characteristics. The Korean Meteorological Administration provided information on the weather of the community. We determined the risk factors of chronic prostatitis-like symptoms among these environmental factors using univariate and multivariate analyses.
Results. Six percent of the men were identified as having significant prostatitis-like symptoms (perineal and/or ejaculatory pain and a total pain score of 4 or greater). The univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that education level, average duration of sunlight, and average temperature were risk factors for chronic prostatitis-like symptoms. As these variables increased, the scores of chronic prostatitis-like symptoms decreased. In the multivariate model used, the likelihood of chronic prostatitis-like symptoms varied by the final educational level, with middle school and high school graduates having 1.8 and 1.4-fold higher odds, respectively, than men attending college. In the same model, the average duration of sunlight was also an independent risk factor of chronic prostatitis-like symptoms (odds ratio 0.85; 95% confidence interval 0.77 to 0.95;
P = 0.003), but the average temperature lost statistical significance.
Conclusions. Our findings suggest that the community-based prevalence of chronic prostatitis-like symptoms may be high in young men. Higher education and a longer time in sunlight were associated with a decreased likelihood of chronic prostatitis-like symptoms.
We report on highly reliable characteristics of 1-Mb ferroelectric memories based on 0.35-μm CMOS technology ensuring ten-year retention and imprint at 175/spl deg/C, which have been successfully ...developed for the first time. This excellent reliability resulted from newly developed Bi/sub 1-x/La/sub x/ 4 Ti 3 O/sub 12/ (BLT) ferroelectric films with superior reliability performance at high temperatures, and also resulted from robust integration schemes free from ferroelectric degradation due to process impurities such as moisture and hydrogen.
Abstract We present a search for the lepton-flavor-violating decays B s 0 $$ {B}_s^0 $$ → ℓ ∓ τ ± , where ℓ = e, μ, using the full data sample of 121 fb −1 collected at the Υ(5S) resonance with the ...Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + e − collider. We use B s 0 B ¯ s 0 $$ {B}_s^0{\overline{B}}_s^0 $$ events in which one B s 0 $$ {B}_s^0 $$ meson is reconstructed in a semileptonic decay mode and the other in the signal mode. We find no evidence for B s 0 $$ {B}_s^0 $$ → ℓ ∓ τ ± decays and set upper limits on their branching fractions at 90% confidence level as B $$ \mathcal{B} $$ ( B s 0 $$ {B}_s^0 $$ → e ∓ τ ± ) < 14 × 10 −4 and B $$ \mathcal{B} $$ ( B s 0 $$ {B}_s^0 $$ → μ ∓ τ ± ) < 7.3 × 10 −4. Our result represents the first upper limit on the B s 0 $$ {B}_s^0 $$ → e ∓ τ ± decay rate.
Here, we study hadronic transitions between bottomonium states using 496fb-1 data collected at the Υ ( 4S ) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy e+e- collider. We measure B ...( Υ ( 4S ) → π+π- Υ ( 1S ) ) = ( 8.2±0.5 ( stat ) ±0.4 ( syst ) ) ×10-5 , B ( Υ ( 4S ) → π+π- Υ ( 2S ) ) = ( 7.9±1.0 ( stat ) ± 0.4 ( syst ) ) ×10-5 , and B ( Υ ( 4S ) → η Υ ( 1S ) ) = ( 1.70±0.23 ( stat ) ±0.08 ( syst ) ) ×10-4 . We measure the ratio of branching fractions R = B ( Υ ( 4S ) → η Υ ( 1S ) ) / B ( Υ ( 4S ) → π+π- Υ ( 1S ) ) =2.07±0.30 ( stat ) ± 0.11 ( syst ) . We search for the decay Υ ( 1D31,2 ) → η Υ ( 1S ) , but do not find significant evidence for such a transition. We also measure the initial-state radiation production cross sections of the Υ ( 2S,3S ) resonances and we find values compatible with the expected ones. Finally, the analysis of the Υ ( 4S ) → π+π- Υ ( 1S ) events reflects indications for a resonant contribution due to the f0 ( 980 ) meson.
We report a measurement of the ratio R(D*)=B(B¯0→D*+τ−ν¯τ)/B(B¯0→D*+ℓ−ν¯ℓ), where ℓ denotes an electron or a muon. The results are based on a data sample containing 772×106 BB¯ pairs recorded at the ...ϒ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e+e− collider. We select a sample of B0B¯0 pairs by reconstructing both B mesons in semileptonic decays to D*∓ℓ±. We measure R(D*)=0.302±0.030(stat)±0.011(syst), which is within 1.6σ of the Standard Model theoretical expectation, where the standard deviation σ includes systematic uncertainties. We use this measurement to constrain several scenarios of new physics in a model-independent approach.
To synthesize micro-sized and high crystalline α-alumina particles with uniformly and rapidly at low temperatures, various concentrated AlF3 seeds were added into an anhydrous ethanol solution ...saturated by an aluminum hydroxide starting material, gibbsite Al(OH)3. Hexagonal shaped α-alumina powders highly crystallized were observed at lower temperature of 750°C, in the ranges from 0.01–5.0mol% seed concentrations, and the α-alumina crystal growth depends on the concentrations of added AlF3 seed. When 1.0mol% AlF3 seeds were added, the largest α-alumina hexagonal crystals (average size about 4.8m after calcination at 900°C) were produced. Additionally the crystallinity and size of α-alumina particle increases linearly with the calcination temperature. The size rapidly increased with an increase of calcination temperatures to 800°C and then gradually increased up to 900°C. This result shows that crystal growth of α-alumina is affected by seed concentrations and crystallized calcination temperature.
Aim: Prognostic value of the cyclin E overexpression in breast cancer has not been clearly established, especially in relation to the pattern of recurrence. We investigated the implication of cyclin ...E overexpression for the pattern of recurrence in Korean breast cancer patients. Methods: Using immunohistochemical methods, we retrospectively examined the cyclin E expression level in breast cancer specimens from 128 women who underwent curative breast surgery, and correlated the levels of expression with the pattern of relapse in patients. Results: Cox model-based multivariate analysis indicated that distant relapse could be predicted by the number of positive axillary lymph nodes, high cyclin E expression, and the younger age (<35 years) of the patient. We tested further the association of cyclin E overexpression with the specific types of recurrence; multivariate analyses indicated that adjusted relative risks of bone and visceral relapse as the first events among high cyclin E group were 2.46 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.86–7.02) (P=0.092), and 3.98 (95% CI, 1.23–12.94) (P=0.022), respectively. On the other hand, cyclin E overexpression was not associated with the risk of locoregional relapse. Conclusion: Our data suggest that cyclin E overexpression in primary breast carcinoma tissue could independently predict the risk of distant relapse, especially of visceral relapse, as the first failure after curative breast surgery.
We study hadronic transitions between bottomonium states using 496 fb-1 data collected at the $Y$(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy e+e- collider. We measure ...B($Y$(4S)→π+π-$-Y$(1S))=(8.2 ± 0.5(stat) ± 0.4(syst))×10-5, B($Y$(4S) → π+π-$Y$ð2SÞÞ¼ð7.91.0ðstatÞ 0.4ðsystÞÞ×10-5, and Bð$Y$ð4SÞ → η$Y$ð1SÞÞ ¼ ð1.70 0.23ðstatÞ 0.08ðsystÞÞ × 10-4. We measure the ratio of branching fractions R ¼ Bð$Y$ð4SÞ → η$Y$ð1SÞÞ=Bð$Y$ð4SÞ → πþπ-$Y$ð1SÞÞ ¼ 2.07 0.30ðstatÞ 0.11ðsystÞ. We search for the decay $Y$ð13D1;2 Þ → η$Y$ð1SÞ, but do not find significant evidence for such a transition.We also measure the initial-state radiation production cross sections of the $Y$ð2S; 3SÞ resonances and we find values compatible with the expected ones. Finally, the analysis of the $Y$(4S) → π+π-$Y$(1S) events shows indications for a resonant contribution due to the f0 (980) meson.
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