Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and its incidence is expected to increase by almost 80% by 2030. CRC apparition is related to poor diet, mainly due to low ...consumption of phytochemicals present in fruits and vegetables. Hence, this paper reviews the most promising phytochemicals in the literature, presenting scientific evidence regarding potential CRC chemopreventive effects. Moreover, this paper reveals the structure and action of CRC mechanisms that these phytochemicals are involved in. The review reveals that vegetables rich in phytochemicals such as carrots and green leafy vegetables, as well as some fruits such as pineapple, citrus fruits, papaya, mango, and Cape gooseberry, that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and chemopreventive properties can promote a healthy colonic environment. Fruits and vegetables in the daily diet promote antitumor mechanisms by regulating cell signaling and/or proliferation pathways. Hence, daily consumption of these plant products is recommended to reduce the risk of CRC.
To improve sexual health among people living with HIV, sexual health should be addressed during consultations in routine HIV care. The aim of the present study was to investigate to what extent ...Sexual Health Counselling (SHC) is incorporated into routine Dutch HIV care and to explore differences between physicians and nurses in their practices and views regarding SHC. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among all HIV physicians (N=110) and HIV nurses (N=82) in the Netherlands. A questionnaire assessed socio-demographic characteristics, current SHC practice, topics addressed, and factors associated with engaging in SHC. The response rate was 53.6% (N=59) among physicians and 60.0% (N=40) among nurses. SHC was performed by 26.1% of physicians and 83.9% of nurses (Χ² (1) = 27.68, p<.001). The most frequently reported barrier for SHC was the presence of a third party, endorsed by 50.9% of physicians and 60.4% of nurses. Nurses were more likely to address issues related to sexual wellbeing, while physicians mainly discussed medical topics. While, both HIV physicians and nursed felt responsible for providing SHC, nurses were more likely to address SHC that physicians. There is scope for improving SHC for PLHIV through a multidisciplinary approach based on clear guidelines for physicians and nurses.
An efficient protocol for the in vitro germination and propagation of Larrea divaricata CAV. (Jarilla) was established. To determine the effect of different growth regulators on the growth rates and ...phenol production, apical-node microshoots from in vitro germinated plantlets were incubated on the following media: 1) full-strength MS (Murashige and Skoog) salt medium with different ratios of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and N6-benzyladenine (BA); 2) after pre-treatment with indolebutyric acid (IBA), transfer to MS medium of different inorganic salt strengths; and 3) full-strength MS salt medium with different ratios of sucrose and IBA. Successful microshoot rooting percentages were achieved by the second and third strategies, the highest being 87.5—100%. The maximum principal shoot length and node number obtained by the second strategy corresponded to the plantlets previously induced with 50 μM IBA, and grown on half- or full-strength MS salt media (7.03±0.93 and 9.86±1.07 cm, respectively) while in the third strategy the most efficient micropropagation medium was full-strength MS salt medium supplemented with 7.5 μM IBA: 3% (w/v) sucrose (7.05±1.08 and 7.0±1.51 cm, respectively). The phenol concentration was determined by analytical HPLC. The highest content of nordihydroguiaretic acid (NDGA) accumulated in microplants of L. divaricata cultivated on half-strength MS salt medium (35.90±3.82 mg/g DW). Reducing the MS medium salt concentration by half, in the absence of IBA, it resulted in a higher NDGA production. NDGA production was not sensitive to the variation of IBA concentration. The medium supplemented with 5% (w/v) sucrose and 2.5 μM IBA induced not only a higher NDGA production but also a higher quercetin production.
La teoría de las representaciones sociales de Moscovici estudia cómo estas inciden en las prácticas sociales de algún grupo determinado y producen cambios importantes en su universo simbólico. De ...igual forma, la teoría de las representaciones simbólicas indica cómo estas surgen ante una necesidad de comprensión de la realidad o de todo aquello que necesite una explicación. Las representaciones sociales y simbólicas dan una amplia visión de cómo el contador público es representado socialmente de acuerdo con sus prácticas y su cotidianidad. Se encuentra además que desde las representaciones sociales coexisten las visiones tradicionales de un contador gris y monótono con aquellas que lo incitan al riesgo en detrimento de la imagen de prudencia asociada a la visión tradicional. Desde las representaciones simbólicas se encuentra en las diversas formas de comunicación contable un medio para superar la visión tradicional de estatismo y oscuridad, y en la imagen de la profesión, la ausencia de un componente simbólico que refleje los nuevos retos del contador público más allá del manido símbolo de la partida doble y de la hegemónica alusión a la internacionalización.
The lignan nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and its derivatives existing in Larrea divaricata species show a wide range of pharmacological activities which makes this genus an interesting target to ...consider the plant in vitro cultivation systems as a feasible alternative source for their production. These compounds are potentially useful in treating diseases related to heart condition, asthma, arteriosclerosis, viral and bacterial infections, inflammation and cancer. In the present study, calli, cell suspension cultures, and in vitro and wild plants of L. divaricata were investigated for their potential to synthesize phenolic compounds. Calli, both with and without organogenesis, produced NDGA and quercetin, as did plantlet and wild plants. NDGA was also produced by the cell suspension cultures, together with p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and sinapyl alcohol. The capacity of undifferentiated tissues to form phenolic compounds is very limited, but when the calli underwent organogenesis, developing mainly adventitious shoots, the phenolic compound production increased significantly. Plantlets regenerated from adventitious shoots of L. divaricata calli did not show the same phenolic pattern as wild plants, with levels of NDGA and quercetin being 3.6- and 5.9-fold lower, respectively.
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a biological process where different trophic groups of microorganisms break down biodegradable organic materials in the absence of oxygen. A wide range of AD technologies ...is being used to convert livestock manure, municipal and industrial wastewaters, and solid organic wastes into biogas. AD gains importance not only because of its relevance in waste treatment but also because of the recovery of carbon in the form of methane, which is a renewable energy and is used to generate electricity and heat. Despite the advances on the engineering and design of new bioreactors for AD, the microbiology component always poses challenges. Microbiology of AD processes is complicated as the efficiency of the process depends on the interactions of various trophic groups involved. Due to the complex interdependence of microbial activities for the functionality of the anaerobic bioreactors, the genetic expression of mcrA, which encodes a key enzyme in methane formation, is proposed as a parameter to monitor the process performance in real time. This review evaluates the current knowledge on microbial groups, their interactions, and their relationship to the performance of anaerobic biodigesters with a focus on using mcrA gene expression as a tool to monitor the process.
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