Side issues of economy development break out in China during recent decades, like environmental pollution or the widely ignored one, shadow economy. Using annual data for the three provinces at ...northeast China over the period 2000 to 2016, this paper examines the size of the shadow economy by MIMIC model first and then adopts the dynamic panel analysis to study the direct relationship between the shadow economy and pollution level. The major innovation point of this paper is the pioneering study of the impact from the pollution level on the size of shadow economy. We also employ various pollution descriptions from terrestrial, aquatic, and atmospheric ecosystems as the robustness check to make our following conclusions more comprehensive and credible: (1) shadow economy is a direct quality factor to the increase of the pollution level. (2) A positive effect from pollution to shadow economy also exists: the higher the pollution level is, the larger the size of shadow economy will be. In the end, this paper proposes several valuable information and suggestions to the government in economy development and pollution abatement.
Ubiquitin specific protease 7 (USP7) is one of the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUB) that erases ubiquitin and protects substrate protein from degradation. Full activity of USP7 requires the C-terminal ...Ub-like domains fold back onto the catalytic domain, allowing the remodeling of the active site to a catalytically competent state by the C-terminal peptide. Until now, numerous proteins have been identified as substrates of USP7, which play a key role in cell cycle, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, and epigenetic regulation. Aberrant activation or overexpression of USP7 may promote oncogenesis and viral disease, making it a target for therapeutic intervention. Currently, several synthetic small molecules have been identified as inhibitors of USP7, and applied in the treatment of diverse diseases. Hence, USP7 may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer.
For a connected graph
G
, let
n
(
G
),
d
(
G
) and dim(
G
) denote the order, the diameter and the metric dimension of
G
, respectively. The twin graph
G
T
is obtained from
G
by contracting each ...maximal set of vertices with the same open or close neighborhood into a vertex, respectively. In this paper, we propose a necessary and sufficient condition obtaining
G
from
G
T
and characterize all graphs with dim
(
G
)
=
n
-
4
and
n
(
G
T
)
=
4
by this condition. For the graphs with dim
(
G
)
=
n
-
4
, we show the following results: (
a
)
4
≤
n
(
G
T
)
≤
7
if
d
(
G
)
=
3
and the bounds are sharp; (
b
)
4
≤
n
(
G
T
)
≤
9
if
d
(
G
)
=
2
.
The need for the statistical stability of data is increasing nowadays as the data resource has become a more and more important production factor. In this study, a set of general identification and ...correction models are established for data outlier modification. The research object we chose is the data of per capita energy consumption. Based on the joint diagnosis method of outliers and the regional convergence theory, the abrupt outliers are identified and corrected. The study finds that there is an outlier in the data of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. According to the club grouping method, 30 provinces in China are divided into two clubs and the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is determined to be in the first club. We calculate the convergence rate and obtain the correction results combining the half-life cycle model.
N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal modification in eukaryotic mRNA, playing critical role in various bioprocesses. Like other epigenetic modifications, m6A modification can be ...catalyzed by the methyltransferase complex and erased dynamically to maintain cells homeostasis. Up to now, only two m6A demethylases have been reported, fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) and alkylation protein AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5), involving in a wide range of mRNA biological progress, including mRNA shearing, export, metabolism and stability. Furthermore, they participate in many significantly biological signaling pathway, and contribute to the progress and development of cancer along with other diseases. In this review, we focus on the studies about structure, inhibitors development and biological function of FTO and ALKBH5.
This review systematically describes the chemical and biological functions of RNA demethylases FTO and ALKBH5, from their crystal structure to inhibitors development and screening, demethylation mechanism and substrates to biological functions and roles in diseases. Display omitted
The central environmental supervision system is an innovation to environmental governance in China, which has created a new form of the game between the central and local governments. In this paper, ...an evolutionary game model is built to analyze the interaction process and evolution direction of the central and local governments, which can find out the key factors that affect the strategic choice of both sides. The results demonstrate that: (1) The behavior choice of the central and local governments depends on the comparison of cost and benefit participating in governance. In the low-cost state, the local government chooses to rectify while the central government chooses to supervise. With the increase in cost, both sides tend to take less action. (2) Due to the low initiative of local government, the special funds can play an important part in encouraging local governments to carry out rectification, while its scope of changes is narrow and inflexible. (3) According to the data simulation results of MATLAB, the mechanism of reward and punishment can affect the decision-making speed of the central and the local governments. With the increase of rewards and punishments, it takes less time to reach the stabilization between the local and the central government. This study can provide constructive suggestions for optimizing the environmental supervision system and improving the performance of environmental governance.
Both economic globalization and population aging have given rise to changes in environmental quality, but the research that integrates these two crucial factors into the same environment policy ...framework is still a blank. Therefore, using panel data of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) over the period 1971–2016, this study examines the long-term impact of economic globalization and population aging on CO2 emissions. First, second-generation panel regression approaches are employed to verify the panel data, including unit root tests, cointegration tests and causality tests. Next, Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) are respectively used for empirical analysis of the long-term impact between variables. The augmented mean group (AMG) is also applied to ascertain the robustness results of the estimation coefficients. Finally, using Dumitrescu and Hurlin non-causality test to examine the causal associations between variables to avoid the contingency of the results. The overall results show that economic globalization and population aging decrease the long-term CO2 emissions. The inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution confirms the effectiveness of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in OECD countries. In addition, unidirectional causal relationships have been found from economic globalization and population aging to CO2 emissions in this study. Policy suggestions in response to these findings are discussed.
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•The effects of economic globalization and aging on CO2 emissions are explored.•Economic globalization and aging improve environmental quality.•Causal relationships between the variables of interest are verified.•Policy suggestions for promoting sustainable goals and mitigating climate change
To manage air quality, Tianjin introduced driving restriction (DR) in 2014 and new driving restriction (NDR) in 2018. Ever since February 22th, 2018, private cars that belong to Beijing have been ...treated equally as local cars of Tianjin. However, existing studies rarely compare the effects of driving restrictions in different cities. In this paper, using the regression discontinuity design (RDD) model and urban air quality monitoring data from Beijing and Tianjin during the period 2014 to 2018, we explore whether driving restriction policies can improve air quality in Beijing and Tianjin. The main results are as follows. (1) Our results of regression discontinuity design revealed that the DR had no obvious improvement in the air quality in Tianjin. Furthermore, the effect of the DR decreases along with its implementation. (2) The implementation of the DR in Tianjin had slight improvement in air quality in Beijing, which mainly reduced emissions from cars. In other words, the DR brought about weak externality. (3) We found that the effect of NDR on the air pollution was limited in both Tianjin and Beijing. To sum up, we compared the NDR with DR and found out that the DR was more effective in the short run, while the NDR could work well in the long term.
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•The RDD is used to test whether the driving restriction improve air quality.•Tianjin and Beijing are selected as cases to study.•The daily data of air quality index and six kinds of pollutants are used.
Both high carbon emission intensity (CEI) and large scale of shadow economy in China are the undesirable products of economic development with too fast growth rate. For the rapid and healthy ...development of the economy in China, the research on the relationship between the two should attract more attention, while the relevant literatures are very few at present. According to the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2004 to 2016, this paper firstly examines the spatial correlation between CEI and the scale of shadow economic. Then verifies the interaction relationship between them with SPDM (spatial panel Dubin Model). Moreover, the robustness test is conducted with three different spatial weight matrices. As the interaction between CEI and shadow economy has been proved, providing new ideas for carbon emission reduction, environmental protection, and healthy economic development with rapid rate in the future. The specific conclusions are as follows: first, CEI and shadow economy both have significant positive spatial autocorrelation. Second, there is a spatial interaction between CEI and shadow economy, indicating provincial cooperation plays a very important role in both economic growth and environment protection. Third, the impacts from economic development on both CEI and shadow economy satisfy the EKC hypothesis. Also, the development of the tertiary industry plays a positive role in promoting the growth of CEI, while promotes and inhibits the expansion of shadow economic scale at the same time.
Display omitted
•Both CEI and shadow economy are side effects of the rapid economic growth of China.•Both CEI and shadow economy have significant positive spatial autocorrelation.•CEI and shadow economy do have an interaction relationship between each other.•The impacts of economic growth on both CEI and shadow economy satisfy the EKC hypothesis.
This paper provides a pioneering study of the interactive relationship between shadow economy and environmental pollution by applying the data of the 31 provinces in China from 2005 to 2015. Side ...effects of shadow economy including environment pollution have been proved by plenty of articles, yet still have not attracted enough public attentions. If the severe pollution will in turn further increase the size of the shadow economy, then the environmental situation in the present will lead to an even worse unhealthy economy growth path. This paper firstly adopts MIMIC (Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes) method to calculate the size of shadow economy, then uses the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) specification to analyze the interplay between shadow economy and pollution in association with environmental regulation, economic growth, foreign direct investment and educational level. The results show that shadow economy and pollution do have a positive interaction between each other, statistically significant at 1% level. Also, both pollution and shadow economy have a U-shaped non-linear relationship with environmental regulation, but an inverse U-shaped non-linear relationship with economic growth. Finally, foreign direct investment (FDI) and education level have positive linear impacts on both pollution and shadow economy, too. But the effect from FDI is weak and less significant.
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•The percentage of shadow economy on GDP is calculated based on MIMIC model.•The possible interaction relationship between shadow economy and pollution is explored.•Environmental regulation and economic growth have non-linear effect on both shadow economy and pollution.•FDI and education level have linear effect on both shadow economy and pollution.
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